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James M Carpenter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phylogenomic Evidence Overturns Current Conceptions of Social Evolution in Wasps (Vespidae).
Molecular biology and evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Patrick K. Piekarski, James M Carpenter, Alan R. Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Barbara J. SharanowskiAbstract:The hypothesis that eusociality originated once in Vespidae has shaped interpretation of social evolution for decades and has driven the supposition that preimaginal morphophysiological differences between castes were absent at the outset of eusociality. Many researchers also consider casteless nest-sharing an antecedent to eusociality. Together, these ideas endorse a stepwise progression of social evolution in wasps (solitary → casteless nest-sharing → eusociality with rudimentary behavioral castes → eusociality with preimaginal caste-biasing (PCB) → morphologically differentiated castes). Here, we infer the phylogeny of Vespidae using sequence data generated via anchored hybrid enrichment from 378 loci across 136 vespid species and perform ancestral state reconstructions to test whether rudimentary and monomorphic castes characterized the initial stages of eusocial evolution. Our results reject the single origin of eusociality hypothesis, contest the supposition that eusociality emerged from a casteless nest-sharing ancestor, and suggest that eusociality in Polistinae + Vespinae began with castes having morphological differences. An abrupt appearance of castes with ontogenetically established morphophysiological differences conflicts with the current conception of stepwise social evolution and suggests that the climb up the ladder of sociality does not occur through sequential mutation. Phenotypic plasticity and standing genetic variation could explain how cooperative brood care evolved in concert with nest-sharing and how morphologically dissimilar castes arose without a rudimentary intermediate. Furthermore, PCB at the outset of eusociality implicates a subsocial route to eusociality in Polistinae + Vespinae, emphasizing the role of mother-daughter interactions and subfertility (i.e. the cost component of kin selection) in the origin of workers.
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an illustrated key to the genera of eumeninae from china with a checklist of species hymenoptera Vespidae
ZooKeys, 2018Co-Authors: Jiang-li Tan, James M Carpenter, Cornelis Van AchterbergAbstract:An illustrated key to the currently recognized genera of the subfamily Eumeninae (Vespidae) from China is presented together with a list of 267 species and subspecies, belonging to 51 genera. Nortozumia van der Vecht, 1937 is reported for the first time from China. Two replacement names are proposed for junior primary homonyms: Ancistrocerus rufofrustius Tan & Carpenter, nom. n. replacing Ancistrocerus rufopictus (Kostylev) and Orientalicesa confasciatus Tan & Carpenter, nom. n. replacing Orientalicesa unifasciatus (von Schulthess, 1934).
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early lineages of Vespidae hymenoptera in cretaceous amber
Systematic Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: Adrien Perrard, David A Grimaldi, James M CarpenterAbstract:Three wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) fossils in Cretaceous amber (Late Albian) of northern Myanmar are described. Two are new species of the Mesozoic genus Curiosivespa (Rasnitsyn): C. zigrasi sp.n. and C. striata sp.n. The third species, Protovespa haxairei gen.n. et sp.n., has a combination of features unique among Mesozoic Priorvespinae and the extant subfamilies. These well preserved fossils provide new morphological data for a cladistic analysis of the basal lineages of Vespidae. Results suggest that Euparagiinae is the sister group of all other Vespidae. The new genus Protovespa appears more closely related to extant Masarinae, Eumeninae and social wasps than to Priorvespinae. We assign it to a new subfamily: Protovespinae. Finally, fossil information combined with a phylogenetic tree shows that the main groups of Vespidae probably evolved during the Early Cretaceous. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1E7E4796-6E70-4D81-BB34-0FEEA765DC25.
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phylogeny landmark analysis and the use of wing venation to study the evolution of social wasps hymenoptera Vespidae vespinae
Cladistics, 2016Co-Authors: Adrien Perrard, Federico Lopezosorio, James M CarpenterAbstract:Wing venation provides useful characters with which to classify extant and fossil insects. Recently, quantification of its shape using landmarks has increased the potential of wing venation to distinguish taxa. However, the use of wing landmarks in phylogenetic analyses remains largely unexplored. Here, we tested landmark analysis under parsimony (LAUP) to include wing shape data in a phylogenetic analysis of hornets and yellow jackets. Using 68 morphological characters, nine genes and wing landmarks, we produced the first total-evidence phylogeny of Vespinae. We also tested the influence of LAUP parameters using simulated landmarks. Our data confirmed that optimization parameters, alignment method, landmark number and, under low optimization parameters, the initial orientation of aligned shapes can influence LAUP results. Furthermore, single landmark configurations never accurately reflected the topology used for data simulation, but results were significantly close when compared to random topologies. Thus, wing landmark configurations were unreliable phylogenetic characters when treated independently, but provided some useful insights when combined with other data. Our phylogeny corroborated the monophyly of most groups proposed on the basis of morphology and showed the fossil Palaeovespa is distantly related to extant genera. Unstable relationships among genera suggest that rapid radiations occurred in the early history of the Vespinae.
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phylogeny of hornets a total evidence approach hymenoptera Vespidae vespinae vespa
Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2013Co-Authors: Adrien Perrard, Kurt M Pickett, Jun-ichi Kojima, Claire Villemant, James M CarpenterAbstract:The only previous comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the 22 species of the genus Vespa was based on just 11 morphological characters and resulted in only limited resolution. In order to improve the phylogenetic inference, we carried out a simultaneous analysis with 45 morphological characters and data from four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. The results support a number of the previously found relationships. The monophyly of the genus Vespa and the existence of a main clade excluding V. basalis and V. binghami are confirmed. The tropica group is supported. The affinis group is not supported; molecular data relate the previously unresolved V. orientalis to V. affinis + V. mocsaryana.
Adrien Perrard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early lineages of Vespidae hymenoptera in cretaceous amber
Systematic Entomology, 2017Co-Authors: Adrien Perrard, David A Grimaldi, James M CarpenterAbstract:Three wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) fossils in Cretaceous amber (Late Albian) of northern Myanmar are described. Two are new species of the Mesozoic genus Curiosivespa (Rasnitsyn): C. zigrasi sp.n. and C. striata sp.n. The third species, Protovespa haxairei gen.n. et sp.n., has a combination of features unique among Mesozoic Priorvespinae and the extant subfamilies. These well preserved fossils provide new morphological data for a cladistic analysis of the basal lineages of Vespidae. Results suggest that Euparagiinae is the sister group of all other Vespidae. The new genus Protovespa appears more closely related to extant Masarinae, Eumeninae and social wasps than to Priorvespinae. We assign it to a new subfamily: Protovespinae. Finally, fossil information combined with a phylogenetic tree shows that the main groups of Vespidae probably evolved during the Early Cretaceous. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1E7E4796-6E70-4D81-BB34-0FEEA765DC25.
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phylogeny landmark analysis and the use of wing venation to study the evolution of social wasps hymenoptera Vespidae vespinae
Cladistics, 2016Co-Authors: Adrien Perrard, Federico Lopezosorio, James M CarpenterAbstract:Wing venation provides useful characters with which to classify extant and fossil insects. Recently, quantification of its shape using landmarks has increased the potential of wing venation to distinguish taxa. However, the use of wing landmarks in phylogenetic analyses remains largely unexplored. Here, we tested landmark analysis under parsimony (LAUP) to include wing shape data in a phylogenetic analysis of hornets and yellow jackets. Using 68 morphological characters, nine genes and wing landmarks, we produced the first total-evidence phylogeny of Vespinae. We also tested the influence of LAUP parameters using simulated landmarks. Our data confirmed that optimization parameters, alignment method, landmark number and, under low optimization parameters, the initial orientation of aligned shapes can influence LAUP results. Furthermore, single landmark configurations never accurately reflected the topology used for data simulation, but results were significantly close when compared to random topologies. Thus, wing landmark configurations were unreliable phylogenetic characters when treated independently, but provided some useful insights when combined with other data. Our phylogeny corroborated the monophyly of most groups proposed on the basis of morphology and showed the fossil Palaeovespa is distantly related to extant genera. Unstable relationships among genera suggest that rapid radiations occurred in the early history of the Vespinae.
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phylogenetic tests reject emery s rule in the evolution of social parasitism in yellowjackets and hornets hymenoptera Vespidae vespinae
Royal Society Open Science, 2015Co-Authors: Federico Lopezosorio, Kurt M Pickett, Adrien Perrard, J. M. Carpenter, Ingi AgnarssonAbstract:Social parasites exploit the brood-care behaviour and social structure of one or more host species. Within the social Hymenoptera there are different types of social parasitism. In its extreme form, species of obligate social parasites, or inquilines, do not have the worker caste and depend entirely on the workers of a host species to raise their reproductive offspring. The strict form of Emery's rule states that social parasites share immediate common ancestry with their hosts. Moreover, this rule has been linked with a sympatric origin of inquilines from their hosts. Here, we conduct phylogenetic analyses of yellowjackets and hornets based on 12 gene fragments and evaluate competing evolutionary scenarios to test Emery's rule. We find that inquilines, as well as facultative social parasites, are not the closest relatives of their hosts. Therefore, Emery's rule in its strict sense is rejected, suggesting that social parasites have not evolved sympatrically from their hosts in yellowjackets and hornets. However, the relaxed version of the rule is supported, as inquilines and their hosts belong to the same Dolichovespula clade. Furthermore, inquilinism has evolved only once in Dolichovespula.
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phylogeny of hornets a total evidence approach hymenoptera Vespidae vespinae vespa
Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2013Co-Authors: Adrien Perrard, Kurt M Pickett, Jun-ichi Kojima, Claire Villemant, James M CarpenterAbstract:The only previous comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the 22 species of the genus Vespa was based on just 11 morphological characters and resulted in only limited resolution. In order to improve the phylogenetic inference, we carried out a simultaneous analysis with 45 morphological characters and data from four mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. The results support a number of the previously found relationships. The monophyly of the genus Vespa and the existence of a main clade excluding V. basalis and V. binghami are confirmed. The tropica group is supported. The affinis group is not supported; molecular data relate the previously unresolved V. orientalis to V. affinis + V. mocsaryana.
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observations on the colony activity of the asian hornet vespa velutina lepeletier 1836 hymenoptera Vespidae vespinae in france
Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France, 2009Co-Authors: Adrien Perrard, Jean Haxaire, Agnes Rortais, Claire VillemantAbstract:Observations were made in the south-west region of France on the activity and behaviour of Vespa velutina workers from a nest reared in captivity as well as from free-living colonies. Seasonal nest development, daily extranidal activity, daily time budget allocated to nest construction and carbohydrates, water, pulp or prey collection were determined from the captive colony. In the meantime, nestmate and non-nestmate interactions were assessed. The percentages of pulp pellets and prey collections brought back by foragers were also determined from the free-living colonies and showed a noticeable preference of the hornet for honey bees. These preliminary data allow further investigations on the biology and behaviour of this Asian invasive species in the view to better assess its impact on biodiversity in France. Resume. Observations sur l'activite de colonies du frelon asiatique Vespa velutina Lepeletier 1836 (Hymenoptera : Vespidae : Vespinae) en France. Des observations ont ete faites dans le sud- ouest de la France sur le comportement et l'activite des ouvrieres de Vespa velutina a partir d'un nid eleve en captivite et de colonies en liberte. Le developpement du nid, le rythme journalier d'activite de la colonie a l'exterieur du nid; le temps alloue aux activites de construction du nid, de collecte de sucre, d'eau, de pulpe de bois et de proies ont ete evalues sur le nid en captivite. Dans le meme temps, les interactions entre ouvrieres du meme nid et de nids etrangers ont ete observees. Les pourcentages de boulettes de pulpe de bois comme de proies, ramenees au nid par les ouvrieres, ont ete evalues sur des colonies en liberte et ont montre une nette preference du frelon pour les abeilles domestiques. Ces resultats preliminaires ouvrent la porte a une etude plus poussee sur la biologie et le comportement de cette espece asiatique envahissante en vue de mieux defi nir son impact sur la biodiversite en France.
Sean Odonnell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and evolution of brain allometry in wasps Vespidae size ecology and sociality
Current opinion in insect science, 2017Co-Authors: Sean Odonnell, Susan J. BulovaAbstract:We review research on brain development and brain evolution in the wasp family Vespidae. Basic vespid neuroanatomy and some aspects of functional neural circuitry are well-characterized, and genomic tools for exploring brain plasticity are being developed. Although relatively modest in terms of species richness, the Vespidae include species spanning much of the known range of animal social complexity, from solitary nesters to highly eusocial species with some of the largest known colonies and multiple reproductives. Eusocial species differ in behavior and ecology including variation in queen/worker caste differentiation and in diurnal/nocturnal activity. Species differences in overall brain size are strongly associated with brain allometry; relative sizes of visual processing tissues increase at faster rates than antennal processing tissues. The lower relative size of the central-processing mushroom bodies (MB) in eusocial species compared to solitary relatives suggests sociality may relax demands on individual cognitive abilities. However, queens have greater relative MB volumes than their workers, and MB development is positively associated with social dominance status in some species. Fruitful areas for future investigations of adaptive brain investment in the clade include sampling of key overlooked taxa with diverse social structures, and the analysis of neural correlations with ecological divergence in foraging resources and diel activity patterns.
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development and evolution of brain allometry in wasps Vespidae size ecology and sociality
Current opinion in insect science, 2017Co-Authors: Sean Odonnell, Susan J. BulovaAbstract:We review research on brain development and brain evolution in the wasp family Vespidae. Basic vespid neuroanatomy and some aspects of functional neural circuitry are well-characterized, and genomic tools for exploring brain plasticity are being developed. Although relatively modest in terms of species richness, the Vespidae include species spanning much of the known range of animal social complexity, from solitary nesters to highly eusocial species with some of the largest known colonies and multiple reproductives. Eusocial species differ in behavior and ecology including variation in queen/worker caste differentiation and in diurnal/nocturnal activity. Species differences in overall brain size are strongly associated with brain allometry; relative sizes of visual processing tissues increase at faster rates than antennal processing tissues. The lower relative size of the central-processing mushroom bodies (MB) in eusocial species compared to solitary relatives suggests sociality may relax demands on individual cognitive abilities. However, queens have greater relative MB volumes than their workers, and MB development is positively associated with social dominance status in some species. Fruitful areas for future investigations of adaptive brain investment in the clade include sampling of key overlooked taxa with diverse social structures, and the analysis of neural correlations with ecological divergence in foraging resources and diel activity patterns.
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the nest as fortress defensive behavior of polybia emaciata a mud nesting eusocial wasp
Journal of Insect Science, 2002Co-Authors: Sean Odonnell, Robert L JeanneAbstract:The swarm-founding wasp Polybia emaciata is unusual among eusocial Vespidae because it uses mud, rather than wood pulp, as its primary nest construction material. Polybia emaciata nests are more durable than similarly sized paper nests. We tested the hypothesis that the defensive behavior of this wasp may have been modified to take advantage of their strong nests in defense against vertebrate attacks. We simulated vertebrate disturbances by tapping on, and breathing in, P. emaciata nests and similarly sized P. occidentalis paper nests in the same location at the same time. Polybia emaciata responses to disturbance were qualitatively different from those of P. occidentalis. The latter exit the nest and attack, while P. emaciata workers typically fled or entered the nest, attacking only after repeated and extended disturbances. We conclude that durable nest material may permit predator avoidance behavior in P. emaciata. We compare the defensive responses of P. emaciata workers with those of other swarm-founding Vespidae, and discuss several selective forces that could cause the evolution of species variation in nest defense behavior.
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correlated evolution of colony defence and social structure a comparative analysis in eusocial wasps hymenoptera Vespidae
Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2001Co-Authors: Adam R Smith, Sean Odonnell, Robert L JeanneAbstract:Animal societies depend on effective defence of group resources. Defensive mechanisms can be costly and may constrain the evolution of social structure. We analysed how exocrine mechanisms of colony defence were affected by the evolution of social complexity and of nest architecture in paper wasps (Vespidae). Eusocial paper wasp species exhibit two discrete grades of eusociality, with new colonies founded either by queens or by coordinated swarms of queens and workers. Swarm-founding shows multiple evolutionary origins from independent-founding ancestors within the Vespidae. Nest architecture also varies among paper wasps. Nests with covering envelopes evolved from naked combs several times. We hypothesized that: (1) evolutionary transitions from independent- to swarm-founding would obviate the need for chemical defence against ants and (2) transitions from naked combs to enveloped nests would have a similar effect on chemical defence. In support of the first hypothesis, we found that all independent-founding species possess ant-repellent glands (Van der Vecht’s gland), while many swarm-founders do not. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggested that evolutionary loss of this gland was statistically more likely to follow transitions to swarm-founding. Evolution of nest envelopes was less strongly associated with losses of the ant repellent gland. These patterns suggest that maintenance of defensive exocrine glands is costly. The patterns also suggest that group behavioural defence against ants is a key adaptive feature associated with the evolution of swarm-founding. The hypothesis that the evolution of nest envelopes obviated chemical defence against ants was not as well supported.
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reproductive caste determination in eusocial wasps hymenoptera Vespidae
Annual Review of Entomology, 1998Co-Authors: Sean OdonnellAbstract:▪ Abstract Wasps (Vespidae) exhibit a range of social complexity, from solitary living to eusocial colonies, and thus are exemplary for studies of the evolutionary origin and maintenance of social behavior in animals. Integral to the definition of eusociality is the presence of reproductive castes, group members that differ qualitatively in their ability to reproduce in a social setting. Behavioral and morphological evidence suggests that caste determination, the developmental process by which differences in fecundity are established, occurs to a large extent before adult emergence (pre-imaginally) in many species of Vespidae, in both basal and advanced taxa within the clade (Vespinae + Polistinae), which includes most eusocial species. Pre-imaginal determination has been documented in many taxa (e.g. independent-founding Polistinae) where it was not thought to occur. Correlative and experimental studies indicate that differences in nutrition during larval development are often the basis of pre-imaginal c...
Ingi Agnarsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phylogenetic tests reject emery s rule in the evolution of social parasitism in yellowjackets and hornets hymenoptera Vespidae vespinae
Royal Society Open Science, 2015Co-Authors: Federico Lopezosorio, Kurt M Pickett, Adrien Perrard, J. M. Carpenter, Ingi AgnarssonAbstract:Social parasites exploit the brood-care behaviour and social structure of one or more host species. Within the social Hymenoptera there are different types of social parasitism. In its extreme form, species of obligate social parasites, or inquilines, do not have the worker caste and depend entirely on the workers of a host species to raise their reproductive offspring. The strict form of Emery's rule states that social parasites share immediate common ancestry with their hosts. Moreover, this rule has been linked with a sympatric origin of inquilines from their hosts. Here, we conduct phylogenetic analyses of yellowjackets and hornets based on 12 gene fragments and evaluate competing evolutionary scenarios to test Emery's rule. We find that inquilines, as well as facultative social parasites, are not the closest relatives of their hosts. Therefore, Emery's rule in its strict sense is rejected, suggesting that social parasites have not evolved sympatrically from their hosts in yellowjackets and hornets. However, the relaxed version of the rule is supported, as inquilines and their hosts belong to the same Dolichovespula clade. Furthermore, inquilinism has evolved only once in Dolichovespula.
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Phylogenetic relationships of yellowjackets inferred from nine loci (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae, Vespula and Dolichovespula).
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2014Co-Authors: Federico Lopez-osorio, Kurt M Pickett, Bryan A. Ballif, Ingi AgnarssonAbstract:Eusociality has arisen repeatedly and independently in the history of insects, often leading to evolutionary success and ecological dominance. Eusocial wasps of the genera Vespula and Dolichovespula, or yellowjackets, have developed advanced social traits in a relatively small number of species. The origin of traits such as effective paternity and colony size has been interpreted with reference to an established phylogenetic hypothesis that is based on phenotypic data, while the application of molecular evidence to phylogenetic analysis within yellowjackets has been limited. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history of yellowjackets on the basis of mitochondrial and nuclear markers (nuclear: 28S, EF1α, Pol II, and wg; mitochondrial: 12S, 16S, COI, COII, and Cytb). We use these data to test the monophyly of yellowjackets and species groups, and resolve species-level relationships within each genus using parsimony and Bayesian inference. Our results indicate that a yellowjacket clade is either weakly supported (parsimony) or rejected (Bayesian inference). However, the monophyly of each yellowjacket genus as well as species groups are strongly supported and concordant between methods. Our results agree with previous studies regarding the monophyly of the Vespula vulgaris group and the sister relationship between the V. rufa and V. squamosa groups. This suggests convergence of large colony size and high effective paternity in the vulgaris group and V. squamosa, or a single origin of both traits in the most recent common ancestor of all Vespula species and their evolutionary reversal in the rufa group.
Jiménez-martínez Edgardo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Distribución temporal de insectos asociados a maracuyá (Passiflora edulis Sims) en Matagalpa, Nicaragua 2016
'Latin America Journals Online', 2020Co-Authors: Jiménez-martínez Edgardo, Montano Núñez, Roberto Gabriel, Bustamante Maradiaga, Edwin JoéAbstract:The passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is a tropical fruit that belongs to the family of Passifloraceas, in Nicaragua this one grown mainly in Matagalpa, in the 2013, 310 farms producing passion fruit were reported. In order to contribute to the national scientific knowledge, a study was conducted between July to November 2016, in the community of Molino Sur, Sébaco, Matagalpa, the study was carried out on two maracuya farms, with the porpoise of identifying, calculating abundance, richness and describing the temporal variation of the main insect families associated to passion fruit. The study was conducted in two farms, where 12 insect traps per farm were placed, in addition, in each farm, a collection of 50 flowers per monitoring date was examined for the floral fly damage, according to the results, the main insect families associated to the passion fruit were the families: Anthophoridae, Apidae, Coccidae Curculionidae, Drosophilidae, Formicidae, Lonchaeidae, Noctuidae, Scarabaeidae and Vespidae. The insect diversity was estimated using the Shannom-weaver diversity index, the family with the highest diversity index was the Drosophilidae family. It was found that the greatest abundance and richness of insects associated with the cultivation of passion fruit was found in the farm Las Vegas. As for the richness of insects, thirty-two families were found, with forty-one genera, the most numerous belonging to the families Apidae, Vespidae, Noctuidae, Pentatomidae and Scarabaeidae. Regarding the temporal variation, the most important families were the Lonchaeidae, Anthophoridae, Coccidae and Formicidae, among the main nutritional habits of the insect species associated with the cultivation of passion fruit were found, nectarivore, polinivore, predator, defoliator y saprophagus.La maracuyá (Passiflora edulis Sims) es una fruta tropical que pertenece a la familia de las Pasifloráceae en Nicaragua y se cultiva principalmente en Matagalpa, para el 2013, se reportan 310 fincas productoras de maracuyá. Con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento científico nacional, se realizó este estudio entre julio a noviembre del 2016 en la comunidad Molino Sur Sébaco, Matagalpa, el propósito fue identificar, calcular la abundancia, riqueza, y fluctuación poblacional de las principales familias de insectos asociadas a la maracuyá. El estudio se desarrolló en dos fincas donde se colocaron 12 trampas por finca para insectos; además, en cada finca se realizó una colecta de 50 botones florales por fecha de muestreo para calcular el daño de la mosquita del botón floral. Las principales familias de insectos asociados al cultivo de maracuyá fueron las familias: Anthophoridae, Apidae, Coccidae, Curculionidae, Drosophilidae, Formicidae, Lonchaeidae, Noctuidae, Scarabaeidae y Vespidae. La diversidad insectil se estimó utilizando el índice de diversidad de Shannomweaver, la familia con mayor índice de diversidad fue la familia Drosophilidae. Se encontró que la mayor abundancia y riqueza de insectos asociados al cultivo de la maracuyá, fue encontrada en la finca Las Vegas. En cuanto a la riqueza de insectos se encontraron 32 familias y 41 géneros, siendo los más numerosos pertenecientes a las familias Apidae, Vespidae, Noctuidae, Pentatomidae y Scarabaeidae. En la distribución temporal, las familias más importantes fueron, la Lonchaeidae, Anthophoridae, Coccidae y Formicidae, entre los principales hábitos alimenticios de las especies insectiles asociadas al cultivo de maracuyá se encontraron, nectarívoro, polinivoro, depredador, defoliador y saprófag
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Distribución temporal de insectos asociados a maracuyá (Passiflora edulis Sims) en Matagalpa, Nicaragua 2016
'Latin America Journals Online', 2020Co-Authors: Jiménez-martínez Edgardo, Montano Núñez, Roberto Gabriel, Bustamante Maradiaga, Edwin JoéAbstract:La maracuyá (Passiflora edulis Sims) es una fruta tropical que pertenece a la familia de las Pasifloráceae en Nicaragua y se cultiva principalmente en Matagalpa, para el 2013, se reportan 310 fincas productoras de maracuyá. Con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento científico nacional, se realizó este estudio entre julio a noviembre del 2016 en la comunidad Molino Sur Sébaco, Matagalpa, el propósito fue identificar, calcular la abundancia, riqueza, y fluctuación poblacional de las principales familias de insectos asociadas a la maracuyá. El estudio se desarrolló en dos fincas donde se colocaron 12 trampas por finca para insectos; además, en cada finca se realizó una colecta de 50 botones florales por fecha de muestreo para calcular el daño de la mosquita del botón floral. Las principales familias de insectos asociados al cultivo de maracuyá fueron las familias: Anthophoridae, Apidae, Coccidae, Curculionidae, Drosophilidae, Formicidae, Lonchaeidae, Noctuidae, Scarabaeidae y Vespidae. La diversidad insectil se estimó utilizando el índice de diversidad de Shannomweaver, la familia con mayor índice de diversidad fue la familia Drosophilidae. Se encontró que la mayor abundancia y riqueza de insectos asociados al cultivo de la maracuyá, fue encontrada en la finca Las Vegas. En cuanto a la riqueza de insectos se encontraron 32 familias y 41 géneros, siendo los más numerosos pertenecientes a las familias Apidae, Vespidae, Noctuidae, Pentatomidae y Scarabaeidae. En la distribución temporal, las familias más importantes fueron, la Lonchaeidae, Anthophoridae, Coccidae y Formicidae, entre los principales hábitos alimenticios de las especies insectiles asociadas al cultivo de maracuyá se encontraron, nectarívoro, polinivoro, depredador, defoliador y saprófago
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Diversidad de insectos plagas y benéficos asociados al cultivo de Chayote en Matagalpa, Nicaragua 2017
'Latin America Journals Online', 2020Co-Authors: Jiménez-martínez Edgardo, González Medrano, Bayardo José , Centeno Leiva, Ángelo josuéAbstract:Chayote (Sechium edule, (Jacq.) Swartz) is a versatile vegetable; roots, stems, leaves, tendrils, seed, fruits and tips of the guides are used. The primary objective of this study was to identify abundance, richness, diversity index, population fluctuation and habit of the main families of insects associated with chayote. The research is qualitative of a non-experimental type, based on the descriptive method, it was carried out in the period from January to May 2017 in Molino Sur and El Caracol communities, Sébaco municipality, department of Matagalpa, in two farms where 12 insect traps, a leaf collection was carried out to extract, identify and classify sucking insects. 65 species of insects and one of arachnids belonging to 46 families of 12 orders were identified, among the main families are: Nitidulidae, Vespidae, Chrysopidae, Forficulidae, Noctuidae, Formicidae, Muscidae and Gryllidae. Insect diversity was estimated using the Simpson index, the Sarsalosa farm has more species abundance by insect families and Las Vegas farm presented the highest diversity. The temporal distribution of the most important families were Nitidulidae, Vespidae, Chrysopidae, Forficulidae and Noctuidae, with polyphages, phylophages, ghouls, rhizophages, zoophages, nectarivores, phytophages, omnivores and saprophages, as the main feeding habits.El chayote (Sechium edule, (Jacq.) Swartz) es una hortaliza versátil; se aprovechan raíces, tallos, hojas, zarcillos, semilla, frutos y puntas de las guías. El objetivo primordial de este estudio fue identificar abundancia, riqueza, índice de diversidad, fluctuación poblacional y el hábito de las principales familias de insectos asociados al chayote. La investigación es cualitativa de tipo no experimental, fundamentada en el método descriptivo, se realizó en el periodo de enero a mayo del 2017 en las comunidades Molino Sur y El Caracol, municipio de Sébaco, departamento de Matagalpa, en dos fincas donde se colocaron 12 trampas para insectos, se realizó una recolección de hojas para extraer, identificar y clasificar insectos chupadores. Se identificó 65 especies de insectos y una de arácnidos pertenecientes a 46 familias de 12 órdenes, entre las principales familias destacan: Nitidulidae, Vespidae, Chrysopidae, Forficulidae, Noctuidae, Formicidae, Muscidae y Gryllidae. La diversidad insectil se estimó utilizando el índice de Simpson, la finca Sarsalosa posee más abundancia en especies por familias de insectos y la finca Las Vegas presentó la mayor diversidad. La distribución temporal de las familias más importantes fueron Nitidulidae, Vespidae, Chrysopidae, Forficulidae y Noctuidae, con polífagos, filófagos, necrófagos, rizófagos, zoófagos, nectarívoro, fitófagos, omnívoro y saprófago, como principales hábitos alimenticios
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insectos plagas y beneficos asociados al maranon anacardium occidentale l organico y convencional en leon nicaragua insect pests and their natural enemies associated to cashew nut anacardium occidentale l in organic and conventional farming in leon nicaragua
2012Co-Authors: Jiménez-martínez Edgardo, Gomezmartinez JorgeAbstract:RESUMEN El presente estudio se realizo durante el periodo julio 2009 a marzo del 2010, en la comarca Chacraseca, del departamento de Leon, El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y describir la fluctuacion poblacional y el rol de los principales insectos plagas y beneficos asociados al maranon organico y convencional. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se seleccionaron tres fincas organicas y tres fincas convencionales, en cada finca se selecciono una parcela de 1 mz (0.7 ha), en cada parcela se seleccionaron cinco sitios fijos de muestreos, los muestreos se realizaron semanalmente a traves de capturas manuales de insectos plagas e insectos beneficos del follaje. Los insectos colectados en el campo se llevaron al laboratorio de entomologia de la Universidad Nacional Agraria para su respectiva identificacion. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Numero de insectos Homoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, e Hymenoptera por familia. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: se encontro un mayor numero de insectos plagas y beneficos en fincas de maranon organico que en convencional. Se identifico y se describio las fluctuaciones poblacionales de los insectos miembros de las familias: Coreidae, Cicadellidae, Tenebrionidae, Chrysomelidae, Apidae, Formicidae, Dolichopodidae, y Vespidae asociados a este cultivo, se encontro que las familias de insectos Cicadellidae, Tenebrionidae, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae y Formicidae se presentaron con mas frecuencia durante la epoca de crecimiento vegetativo del cultivo, los insectos de la familia Dolichopodidae y Vespidae se presentaron con mas frecuencia durante la epoca de floracion del cultivo; y los insectos de la familia Coreidae y Apidae se presentaron con mas frecuencia durante la epoca de fructificacion del cultivo. ABSTRACT This study was conducted during the period from July 2009 to March 2010, in Chacraseca, department of Leon, the aim of this study was to identify and describe the population fluctuations and the role of the principal insect pest and their natural enemies associated to organic and conventional cashew nut plots. To carry out this study, three organic and three conventional farms were selected; in each farm, a plot of 1 mz (0.7 ha) was studied,in each plot, five fixed sampling sites were established, sampling was conducted weekly through insects pests and beneficial insects manual catches on foliage. Field collected insects were brought to the entomology laboratory of the National Agrarian University for their respective identification. The evaluated variables were: Number of insects from the Homoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera andHymenopterafamilies. The results were as follow: A higher number of pest and beneficial insects were found in organic than in conventional farms.It was identified and described the population fluctuations of the members of the insect families: Coreidae, Cicadellidae, Tenebrionidae, Chrysomelidae, Apidae, Formicidae, Dolichopodidaeand Vespidae associated to cashew nut. In addition, it was found thatinsect families such as Cicadellidae, Tenebrionidae, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae and Formicidae occurred more frequently during the period of vegetative growth of the crop.Besides, insects of the family Dolichopodidaeand Vespidae occurred more frequently during flowering of the crop; and finally, insects of the family Coreidae and Apidae occurred more frequently during fruiting of the crop. PROTECCION DE PLANTAS
