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Bibiana Vilá - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • physiological and behavioral indices of short term stress in wild Vicunas vicugna vicugna in jujuy province argentina
    Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Gisela Ariana Marcoppido, Yanina Arzamendia, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    The management of wild Vicunas can trigger a stress response that may compromise welfare. In Santa Catalina, Jujuy Province, Argentina, indices of short-term stress associated with capture, handling, and shearing were studied in 105 wild Vicunas (Vicugna vicugna). The study included 2 groups (n = 59 and n = 46) of wild Vicunas captured in 2 consecutive days. Independent variables analyzed included sex, restraint time, and groups. Cortisol, creatine kinase, glucose, white blood cells, temperature, heart rate, and respiratory frequency were higher than published values. Respiratory rate increased during handling and correlated with holding time and group size, while heart rate decreased. Packed cell volume was higher in females. Cortisol concentrations differed between restraint groups and sex and inversely correlated with agonistic behavior. The most common behavior was increased vigilance. Sternal recumbency increased over holding time. During handling procedures, frequency of sudden movements like kicking and attempts to stand increased as restraint time increased. Females vocalized more than males. In conclusion, the methods used triggered measurable changes suggestive of short-term stress that appeared to be physiologically tolerated by the Vicunas.

  • camelidos en santa catalina jujuy argentina manejo de Vicunas y caravanas de llamas
    ETNOBIOLOGÍA, 2015
    Co-Authors: Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    En este trabajo se presentan datos etnozoologicos, sobre las Vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) camelido silvestre y las llamas (Lama glama) camelido domestico en Santa Catalina, Jujuy, Argentina. El tema de las Vicunas se realizo mediante observaciones participantes, asi como encuestas a pobladores y a colaboradores en la captura de ejemplares. Este es un estudio complementario al manejo de captura y esquila (chaku), que se realiza anualmente desde el ano 2012 junto con la Cooperativa Agroganadera. Ademas se investigo sobre las caravanas de llamas, que arriban desde Bolivia, a la festividad de Santa Catalina, las que viajan llevando fibra de camelidos para comercializar en la feria por productos alimenticios elaborados. Los informantes fueron tanto conocedores locales del tema de las Vicunas, como los caravaneros, ambos pertenecen a comunidades andinas de filiacion indigena con un modo productivo campesino. Ambas actividades (el chaku y las caravanas) comparten la particularidad de tener una breve duracion en Santa Catalina, aproximadamente dos dias, asi como una fuerte intensidad de trabajo y de interaccion con los animales.Las caravanas de llamas, es una practica con un origen prehispanico y que ha tenido cierta continuidad temporal. Se encuesto a los responsables de las dos caravanas de llamas, una de 30 y la otra de 58 animales. Ambos caravaneros viajaban acompanados de familiares e intercambiaron lana por alimentos. Se compartieron saberes acerca de la tecnologia del caravaneo, de los animales y de las tecnicas de trabajo.En la actualidad los pobladores de la zona observan un notable aumento poblacional de la vicuna, el que sumado a su condicion silvestre, provoca inquietudes referidas a la propiedad, la sanidad y el pastoreo. Ademas el tema de la caza de vicuna, practica realizada en la zona desde mediados del siglo XX, se rehabilita y se verbaliza a pesar de la prohibicion legal estricta y de la labor conservacionista promovida por el equipo de investigacion (VICAM) del cual la autora forma parte.

  • manejo de Vicunas silvestres en santa catalina jujuy investigadores y pobladores en busqueda de la sustentabilidad y el buen vivir
    Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano – Series Especiales, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yanina Arzamendia, Veronica Rojo, Jorge Luis Baldo, Celeste Tamara Samec, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    El manejo de la vicuna en silvestria presenta un desafio para los cientificos y los pobladores andinos. Con buenas practicas, el manejo de la especie puede considerarse como un modelo de uso sustentable, dado que integra la conservacion de la vicuna y su habitat con el potencial desarrollo local. Desde el ano 2010, el grupo VICAM se encuentra desarrollando un Plan de Conservacion y Uso de Vicunas en silvestria con la Cooperativa Agroganadera de Santa Catalina (Jujuy, Argentina), en el marco de una fructifera sinergia entre cientificos, estudiantes y pobladores locales. Este Plan integra recomendaciones tecnicas basadas en investigaciones cientificas con saberes locales, y esta regido por la valoracion etica de la conservacion de la Biodiversidad y el Buen Vivir. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en presentar los lineamientos del Plan Local de Conservacion y Uso de Vicunas en Santa Catalina, detallando las actividades de captura y esquila llevadas a cabo en los anos 2012 y 2013. La puesta en practica de este Plan permitio, mediante el manejo adaptativo y la aplicacion de estrictos protocolos de bienestar animal, que dichas experiencias de “neo-chakus” se llevaran a cabo con un minimo estres y nula mortalidad animal.

  • uso del habitat por Vicunas vicugna vicugna en un sistema agropastoril en suripujio jujuy
    Mastozoología neotropical, 2012
    Co-Authors: Veronica Rojo, Yanina Arzamendia, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    4Grupo de Investigacion VICAM: Vicunas, camelidos y ambiente. RESUMEN: La vicuna es un camelido silvestre que comparte con los otros camelidos del altiplano un rol clave en ese ecosistema y ademas tiene un alto valor cultural en la cosmovision de los pueblos andinos. Suripujio (Jujuy) es una zona donde se practica una economia de subsistencia basada en el pastoreo de ganado (ovejas y llamas) y donde las Vicunas conviven ademas del ganado con burros asilvestrados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar cambios espaciales y temporales en el uso del habitat de las Vicunas y el ganado domestico, en relacion a la oferta de recursos en el area de Suripujio, provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Se determino la oferta de recursos forrajeros y su variacion temporal, analizando el tamano, la variacion en el espacio, la cobertura y composicion de cada unidad de vegetacion, y los cambios espaciales y temporales en el uso del habitat de los herbivoros bajo estudio. Los resultados mostraron que en la temporada humeda aumento la oferta forrajera del estrato bajo tanto en vegas como en estepas arbustivas. En las estepas arbustivas, la carga animal sobrepaso la capacidad de carga definida para ese ambiente; y se registro una segregacion espacial entre las Vicunas y el ganado domestico, mientras que la vega fue un ambiente seleccionado tanto por las Vicunas como por el ganado. El manejo ganadero revela carencias que disminuyen la productividad de este ecosistema, con potencialidad para un manejo de Vicunas.

  • effects of capture shearing and release on the ecology and behavior of wild Vicunas
    Journal of Wildlife Management, 2012
    Co-Authors: Yanina Arzamendia, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    The goals of sustainable use of wildlife include minimizing long term deleterious impacts of management. We evaluated the ethoecological and demographic responses of wild Vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) to capture, shearing, and release in northern Argentina, as well as effects on behavior, by comparing captured and shorn versus non-captured animals for 2 yr after capture events. We observed subtle and short-term changes in the movement behavior of individuals, likely due to thermal and behavioral stress following capture. We did not observe changes in survival and birth rates, social organization, or distribution of animals following capture. Therefore, we concluded that the capture techniques used resulted in low impacts on the wild vicuna population. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.

Cristian Bonacic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • behavioural and physiological consequences of capture for shearing of Vicunas in argentina
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Yanina Arzamendia, Cristian Bonacic, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    Abstract Behavioural, physical and physiological responses of Argentinean Vicunas to capture, handling and shearing were studied for the first time. The research was undertaken in a study area of 2414ha with a mean density of 12–40Vicunas/km 2 . Captures were conducted on groups of wild Vicunas that had not received any prior management. Groups were herded into a funnel system that ended in a corral with several internal subdivisions. Three distinct capture methods were compared, according to the method by which the animals were herded into the corral (vehicles system: vehicles only; mixed system: people on foot and vehicles; and Chaku system: people on foot only). Attempts to escape, alarm calls, increased vigilance, vocalizations, and kicking were measured to quantify the stress response. A total of 478 Vicunas were captured between May 2003 and November 2005. Vicunas captures by mixed system showed alert and active behaviours and vocalized more in the handling corral. The most active animals inside the corrals showed higher respiratory and heart frequency during handling ( r =0.44, P r =0.58, P r =−0.31, P =0.05 and r =−0.4, P =0.05, respectively). Females captured by people on foot showed greater concentrations of cortisol (174±10.5nmol/L), compared to Vicunas captured by people and vehicles (127.38±12.5nmol/L) ( F (1,21) =7.22, P

  • molecular genetic evidence for social group disruption of wild Vicunas vicugna vicugna captured for wool harvest in chile
    Small Ruminant Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ronald J. Sarno, Beatriz Zapata, Benito A Gonzalez, Cristian Bonacic, Stephen J Obrien, Warren E Johnson
    Abstract:

    Abstract Since 1994 wild Vicunas have been captured and shorn for their wool, yet, there remains a noticeable lack of data regarding the possible influence of capture and shearing upon vicuna biology. Therefore, we assessed post-capture group composition, genetic relatedness, and paternity among animals that were captured for live shearing and release. We captured twenty-six groups (134 animals) on the Chilean Altiplano. Seventy-three percent of Male Groups (designated prior to chase) contained exclusively adult males upon capture, whereas remaining “Male Groups” contained crias and/or adult females and crias. Forty-seven percent of Family Groups (designated prior to chase) contained 1 adult male, adult females, and the number of crias ≤ the number of adult females. Remaining Family Groups contained no or multiple adult males, and more crias than adult females. Average relatedness among all Vicunas was −0.007. Paternity analysis revealed that 35% of crias were captured with their biological mother and that only 1 cria was captured with both biological parents. Based on previous observations of group composition in the wild, animals from different groups may separate and/or mix during the chasing stage. Improvement of the chasing technique and instituting a post-capture monitoring program may aid in the detection of medium- and long-term impacts regarding group stability, cria survival, and ultimately wool production.

  • sistematica taxonomia y domesticacion de alpacas y llamas nueva evidencia cromosomica y molecular
    Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 2007
    Co-Authors: Juan C Marin, Jane C Wheeler, Beatriz Zapata, Benito A Gonzalez, Cristian Bonacic, Ciara Casey, Eduardo R Palma, Elie Poulin, Michael William Bruford
    Abstract:

    Existen cuatro especies de camelidos sudamericanos, dos de ellos silvestres, guanaco (Lama guanicoe) y vicuna (Vicugna vicugna), y dos formas domesticas, alpaca (Lama pacos) y llama (Lama glama), cuyo origen ha sido objeto de debate. En el presente estudio la variacion en el patron de bandas G de los cromosomas de llamas y alpacas y la secuencia de dos genes mitocondriales han sido usados para estudiar el origen y la clasificacion de llamas y alpacas. Patrones de bandas cromosomicas similares fueron observados en las cuatro especies de Lamini, incluso similares a los descritos para camello, Camelus bactrianus. Sin embargo, se encontraron finas y consistentes diferencias en los brazos cortos del cromosoma 1, permitiendo separar a camellos, guanacos y llamas, de las de Vicunas y alpacas. Este patron fue consistente incluso en un hibrido guanaco x alpaca. Relaciones equivalentes fueron encontradas en las secuencias completas del gen para citocromo b, asi como en el arbol de expansion minima de las secuencias parciales de la region control, agrupando a guanacos con llamas y a Vicunas con alpacas. Los analisis filogeneticos mostraron a V. vicugna y a L. guanicoe como grupos reciprocamente monofHeticos. El analisis de las secuencias de ambos genes mostro dos ciados entre las Vicunas, concordantes con las subespecies reconocidas para esta especie, pero los resultados obtenidos para guanacos no reflejaron la existencia de las cuatro subespecies previamente propuestas. El analisis combinado de variaciones cromosomicas y moleculares demostraron una alta similitud genetica entre alpacas y Vicunas, asi como entre llamas y guanacos. Aunque se revela hibridizacion direccional, nuestros resultados apoyan fuertemente la hipotesis de que la llama se deriva de L. guanicoe, y la alpaca de V. vicugna, apoyando la reclasificacion de la alpaca como V. pacos

  • Phylogeography and subspecies assessment of vicuñas in Chile and Bolivia utilizing mtDNA and microsatellite markers: Implications for vicuña conservation and management
    Conservation Genetics, 2004
    Co-Authors: R.j. Sarno, Lilian Villalba, David W. Mac Donald, Benito González, Stephen J. O'brien, Beatriz Zapata, Cristian Bonacic, Warren E Johnson
    Abstract:

    The rearing and maintenance of wild Vicunas in semi-captivity for economic utilization is practiced mainly in Peru, but Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile are quickly developing their own programs of economic use. Large scale rearing practices will likely isolate populations and may foster selective breeding. In addition to these concerns, there are also uncertainties about the distribution and validity of the currently recognized subspecies. To better understand the potential impact that economic utilization will have on the vicuna, we describe the molecular genetic variation among four populations and both described subspecies. An analysis of 794 bp of mitochondrial DNA sequences (16s, cytochrome b genes, and mtDNA control region) revealed appreciable genetic diversity, low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation, and restricted gene flow with isolation by distance among populations. Analysis of microsatellite data also indicated genetic differentiation among populations. Past climatic and geologic events, coupled with human history, have likely subjected the vicuna to various episodes of population isolation and admixture. Therefore, we suggest that managers aim to ensure gene flow among adjoining populations, as observed at mtDNA and microsatellite loci, as well as maintaining apparent restricted gene flow with isolation by distance among populations separated by great distances. Intensive rearing procedures like those being practiced in Peru will ultimately disrupt movements and migration among wild populations. Furthermore, animals that are not exposed to predation by remaining inside fences, may overtime, lose portions of their behavioral repertoire that enable them to recognize potentially dangerous sounds associated with the presence of predators. Therefore, we do not recommend that animals be placed behind fences as this could lead to a loss of genetic and behavioral diversity as well as halting natural ecological processes. If, however, Vicunas are placed behind fences for commercial purposes ( with little or no regard for the retention of genetic, and/or behavioral diversity as well as natural population processes) then we suggest close genetic monitoring of animals that are (will be) maintained in captivity.

  • The physiological impact of wool-harvesting procedures in Vicunas ( Vicugna vicugna )
    Animal Welfare, 2003
    Co-Authors: Cristian Bonacic, David W. Macdonald
    Abstract:

    A current programme of wildlife utilization in the Andean region involves the capture of wild Vicunas, their shearing, transport and, in some cases, captive farming. The effects of these interventions on the physiology, and thus welfare, of wild Vicunas are unknown. As a first step to quantifying and thus mitigating any adverse welfare consequences of this harvest, the immediate and longer-term physical and physiological effects of capture, shearing and transport were measured. A sample of juvenile male Vicunas was captured. Six were shorn at the capture site, six after two weeks in captivity, and the remaining seven animals were kept as controls for 39 days. In general, Vicunas showed changes in blood glucose, packed cell volume, cortisol, and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios within 4-6 h following capture. Creatine kinase was also affected by capture and transport, showing a peak plasma level 24 h after capture, which was followed by a peak plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase four days after capture and transport. After 12 days in captivity, all of the Vicunas showed physiological parameters close to expected baseline values for the species. There was no differences in physiological parameters between animals that were captured, sheared and transported and those that were only captured and transported. Similarly, there was no differences in most responses of Vicunas between those sheared after 12 days in captivity and a control group held under similar conditions but from which blood was sampled without shearing. A further comparison between animals sheared immediately after capture and animals sheared after 12 days in captivity revealed that creatine kinase levels were higher in the former group. During transport prior to release back into the wild, only minor injuries (lip bleeding and limb contusions) and a significant increase in rectal temperature were observed. Our results provide a basis for recommendations to improve the welfare of Vicunas during the wool harvest, and provide baseline and stress-response data to serve as reference points for further studies of vicuna welfare.

Luis Miguel Ortega-mora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Health impact evaluation of alternative management systems in vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) populations in Peru
    Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2014
    Co-Authors: Veronica Risco-castillo, Jane Collins Wheeler, Raúl Rosadio, Francisco Javier García-peña, Ignacio Arnaiz-seco, Domingo Hoces, Hugo Castillo, Álvaro Veliz, Luis Miguel Ortega-mora
    Abstract:

    To determine the impact of farming over vicuña population in Peru, serum samples were collected from 207 vicuñas (126 captive vicuñas and 81 free-ranging vicuñas) and 614 domestic South American camelids (571 alpacas and 43 llamas), in ten Andean communities at the Salinas y Aguada Blanca reserve, province of Arequipa, southern Peru. Samples were tested for the presence of leptospirosis, foot and mouth disease (FMD), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), brucellosis, bluetongue disease (BT), paratuberculosis, and neosporosis. Serological results showed that 1.9 % (4/207) of vicuñas, 18.6 % (106/571) of alpacas, and 23.3 % (10/43) of llamas were positive to one or more Leptospira serovars. One percent of vicuñas (2/207) and 2.4 % of domestic camelids (15/614) had Neospora caninum antibodies tested by ELISA, but only two vicuñas and two alpacas were confirmed by Western blot. Epidemiological evaluation found an association of leptospirosis to sex and age ( p  

  • Toxoplasma gondii infection in adult llamas (Lama glama) and Vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) in the Peruvian Andean region
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2005
    Co-Authors: A. Chávez-velásquez, Gema Álvarez-garcía, Mercedes Gómez-bautista, E. Casas-astos, Enrique Serrano-martínez, Luis Miguel Ortega-mora
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study was designed to investigate Toxoplasma gondii infection in adult llamas (Lama glama) and Vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) in the Peruvian Andean region, for which to date no information has been available. Serum samples from 43 llamas (L. glama) and 200 Vicunas were tested by IFAT detecting titres of 1:50 or higher in 55.8% (33.9–70.9%) and 5.5% (2.8–9.6%), respectively. IFAT titres ranged from 1:50 to 1:6400. In order to avoid cross reactions with closely related coccidian parasites and to confirm the existence of T. gondii specific antibodies, IFAT positive sera from both ruminant species were also analysed by western blot. T. gondii specific antigens were recognised by IFAT positive sera, although different IFAT cut-off points could be selected for llamas (1:200) and Vicunas (1:50) meaning seroprevalence of 44.2% (29.1–60.1%) and 5.5% (2.8–9.6%), respectively. Based on the frequency and intensity of tachyzoite antigen recognition, at least three immunodominant antigens with apparent molecular weights of 22–24, 30, and 38–40 kDa were detected, together with other minor protein fractions located in the 18–73 kDa range. This study documents for the first time the presence of T. gondii infection and reports the target T. gondii antigens in adult llamas and Vicunas in Peru.

  • Toxoplasma gondii infection in adult llamas (Lama glama) and Vicunas (Vicugnavicugna) in the Peruvian Andean region.
    Veterinary parasitology, 2005
    Co-Authors: A. Chávez-velásquez, Gema Álvarez-garcía, Mercedes Gómez-bautista, E. Casas-astos, Enrique Serrano-martínez, Luis Miguel Ortega-mora
    Abstract:

    The present study was designed to investigate Toxoplasma gondii infection in adult llamas (Lama glama) and Vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) in the Peruvian Andean region, for which to date no information has been available. Serum samples from 43 llamas (L. glama) and 200 Vicunas were tested by IFAT detecting titres of 1:50 or higher in 55.8% (33.9-70.9%) and 5.5% (2.8-9.6%), respectively. IFAT titres ranged from 1:50 to 1:6400. In order to avoid cross reactions with closely related coccidian parasites and to confirm the existence of T. gondii specific antibodies, IFAT positive sera from both ruminant species were also analysed by western blot. T. gondii specific antigens were recognised by IFAT positive sera, although different IFAT cut-off points could be selected for llamas (1:200) and Vicunas (1:50) meaning seroprevalence of 44.2% (29.1-60.1%) and 5.5% (2.8-9.6%), respectively. Based on the frequency and intensity of tachyzoite antigen recognition, at least three immunodominant antigens with apparent molecular weights of 22-24, 30, and 38-40 kDa were detected, together with other minor protein fractions located in the 18-73 kDa range. This study documents for the first time the presence of T. gondii infection and reports the target T. gondii antigens in adult llamas and Vicunas in Peru.

David W. Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN-INDUCED STRESS RESPONSE IN CAPTIVE Vicunas (VICUGNA VICUGNA) IN THE ANDES OF CHILE
    Animal Welfare, 2003
    Co-Authors: Cristian Bonacic, David W. Macdonald, G Villouta
    Abstract:

    Animal Welfare 2003, 12: 369-385 The vicuna is mainly used in two ways: wild captured, shorn and returned to the wild; or wild captured and maintained in captivity as part of a programme of sustainable use in the Andes of South America. Farming of wild Vicunas has hitherto involved no assessment of their welfare. In this study we measured a set of basic blood parameters in order to characterise baseline values in captivity, and we then characterised adrenal cortical responsiveness using an ACTH challenge. The ACTH challenge is widely used for assessing neuroendocrine responses to stress and is now increasingly being applied to studies of wild animals' welfare. Five male Vicunas were injected with exogenous ACTH and their responses compared with those of a control group injected with placebo. Behavioural and haematological changes were monitored. Injection of ACTH produced a 4.5-fold increase in cortisol concentration within 1 h. Total white blood cell count almost doubled in less than 5 h. The neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio also changed, with a decrease in lymphocytes and an increase in neutrophils, suggesting that the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio was affected by the ACTH challenge. Packed cell volume increased from 40% to 44%. Observations of individual Vicunas during sampling revealed no discernible behavioural differences between treated and control animals; however, animals that had higher initial baseline cortisol concentration made more attempts to escape, and vocalised more during handling, regardless of whether they were treated with ACTH or placebo. The results reveal the different blood parameter levels associated with stress in different species and highlight the hazard of interpreting stress levels in one species on the basis of measures calibrated in another. We provide calibrated reference values for future studies of stress in Vicunas.

  • The physiological impact of wool-harvesting procedures in Vicunas ( Vicugna vicugna )
    Animal Welfare, 2003
    Co-Authors: Cristian Bonacic, David W. Macdonald
    Abstract:

    A current programme of wildlife utilization in the Andean region involves the capture of wild Vicunas, their shearing, transport and, in some cases, captive farming. The effects of these interventions on the physiology, and thus welfare, of wild Vicunas are unknown. As a first step to quantifying and thus mitigating any adverse welfare consequences of this harvest, the immediate and longer-term physical and physiological effects of capture, shearing and transport were measured. A sample of juvenile male Vicunas was captured. Six were shorn at the capture site, six after two weeks in captivity, and the remaining seven animals were kept as controls for 39 days. In general, Vicunas showed changes in blood glucose, packed cell volume, cortisol, and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratios within 4-6 h following capture. Creatine kinase was also affected by capture and transport, showing a peak plasma level 24 h after capture, which was followed by a peak plasma level of aspartate aminotransferase four days after capture and transport. After 12 days in captivity, all of the Vicunas showed physiological parameters close to expected baseline values for the species. There was no differences in physiological parameters between animals that were captured, sheared and transported and those that were only captured and transported. Similarly, there was no differences in most responses of Vicunas between those sheared after 12 days in captivity and a control group held under similar conditions but from which blood was sampled without shearing. A further comparison between animals sheared immediately after capture and animals sheared after 12 days in captivity revealed that creatine kinase levels were higher in the former group. During transport prior to release back into the wild, only minor injuries (lip bleeding and limb contusions) and a significant increase in rectal temperature were observed. Our results provide a basis for recommendations to improve the welfare of Vicunas during the wool harvest, and provide baseline and stress-response data to serve as reference points for further studies of vicuna welfare.

  • Density dependence in the camelid Vicugna vicugna : the recovery of a protected population in Chile
    Oryx, 2002
    Co-Authors: Cristian Bonacic, José Luis Galaz, David W. Macdonald, Richard M. Sibly
    Abstract:

    The vicuna Vicugna vicugna is a wild South carrying capacity of the study area was estimated from the census data and from models based on precipitation American camelid. Following over-exploitation, which brought the species to the brink of extinction in Chile in and local primary productivity. Using the census data, an estimation of carrying capacity as the asymptote of the the 1960s, the population was protected. Since 1975 the population has been censused annually, generating one fitted logistic curve suggested that the vicuna population should reach approximately 26,000 Vicunas, whereas of the most extensive long-term census databases for any South American mammal. In this paper we use these estimation when the population growth rate was equated to zero gave a carrying capacity of c. 22,000. Coe's method data, and measures of environmental parameters, to describe the population growth trend of the species and based on local precipitation predicted 31,000 vicuna, whereas Lavenroth's method based on local primary to estimate carrying capacity. Our results indicate that the vicuna has been protected successfully in northern productivity predicted 26,000 vicuna. In reality, the census data showed that the population peaked at 22,463 Chile. The census data reveal that, following protection, the population displayed logistic growth between 1975 Vicunas in 1990. The results are discussed in relation to the need for better census techniques and the implications and 1992. Population growth rate declined linearly with population size, which indicates a degree of density of density dependent eCects for the management of the vicuna in Chile. dependence. Density independent factors, such as rain- fall, may also have been important. The principal density dependent eCect observed was that birth rate declined in Keywords Carrying capacity, Chile, density dependence, population growth rate, vicuna, Vicugna vicugna. those family groups with the most breeding females. The

Yanina Arzamendia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • physiological and behavioral indices of short term stress in wild Vicunas vicugna vicugna in jujuy province argentina
    Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Gisela Ariana Marcoppido, Yanina Arzamendia, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    The management of wild Vicunas can trigger a stress response that may compromise welfare. In Santa Catalina, Jujuy Province, Argentina, indices of short-term stress associated with capture, handling, and shearing were studied in 105 wild Vicunas (Vicugna vicugna). The study included 2 groups (n = 59 and n = 46) of wild Vicunas captured in 2 consecutive days. Independent variables analyzed included sex, restraint time, and groups. Cortisol, creatine kinase, glucose, white blood cells, temperature, heart rate, and respiratory frequency were higher than published values. Respiratory rate increased during handling and correlated with holding time and group size, while heart rate decreased. Packed cell volume was higher in females. Cortisol concentrations differed between restraint groups and sex and inversely correlated with agonistic behavior. The most common behavior was increased vigilance. Sternal recumbency increased over holding time. During handling procedures, frequency of sudden movements like kicking and attempts to stand increased as restraint time increased. Females vocalized more than males. In conclusion, the methods used triggered measurable changes suggestive of short-term stress that appeared to be physiologically tolerated by the Vicunas.

  • manejo de Vicunas silvestres en santa catalina jujuy investigadores y pobladores en busqueda de la sustentabilidad y el buen vivir
    Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano – Series Especiales, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yanina Arzamendia, Veronica Rojo, Jorge Luis Baldo, Celeste Tamara Samec, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    El manejo de la vicuna en silvestria presenta un desafio para los cientificos y los pobladores andinos. Con buenas practicas, el manejo de la especie puede considerarse como un modelo de uso sustentable, dado que integra la conservacion de la vicuna y su habitat con el potencial desarrollo local. Desde el ano 2010, el grupo VICAM se encuentra desarrollando un Plan de Conservacion y Uso de Vicunas en silvestria con la Cooperativa Agroganadera de Santa Catalina (Jujuy, Argentina), en el marco de una fructifera sinergia entre cientificos, estudiantes y pobladores locales. Este Plan integra recomendaciones tecnicas basadas en investigaciones cientificas con saberes locales, y esta regido por la valoracion etica de la conservacion de la Biodiversidad y el Buen Vivir. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en presentar los lineamientos del Plan Local de Conservacion y Uso de Vicunas en Santa Catalina, detallando las actividades de captura y esquila llevadas a cabo en los anos 2012 y 2013. La puesta en practica de este Plan permitio, mediante el manejo adaptativo y la aplicacion de estrictos protocolos de bienestar animal, que dichas experiencias de “neo-chakus” se llevaran a cabo con un minimo estres y nula mortalidad animal.

  • uso del habitat por Vicunas vicugna vicugna en un sistema agropastoril en suripujio jujuy
    Mastozoología neotropical, 2012
    Co-Authors: Veronica Rojo, Yanina Arzamendia, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    4Grupo de Investigacion VICAM: Vicunas, camelidos y ambiente. RESUMEN: La vicuna es un camelido silvestre que comparte con los otros camelidos del altiplano un rol clave en ese ecosistema y ademas tiene un alto valor cultural en la cosmovision de los pueblos andinos. Suripujio (Jujuy) es una zona donde se practica una economia de subsistencia basada en el pastoreo de ganado (ovejas y llamas) y donde las Vicunas conviven ademas del ganado con burros asilvestrados. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar cambios espaciales y temporales en el uso del habitat de las Vicunas y el ganado domestico, en relacion a la oferta de recursos en el area de Suripujio, provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Se determino la oferta de recursos forrajeros y su variacion temporal, analizando el tamano, la variacion en el espacio, la cobertura y composicion de cada unidad de vegetacion, y los cambios espaciales y temporales en el uso del habitat de los herbivoros bajo estudio. Los resultados mostraron que en la temporada humeda aumento la oferta forrajera del estrato bajo tanto en vegas como en estepas arbustivas. En las estepas arbustivas, la carga animal sobrepaso la capacidad de carga definida para ese ambiente; y se registro una segregacion espacial entre las Vicunas y el ganado domestico, mientras que la vega fue un ambiente seleccionado tanto por las Vicunas como por el ganado. El manejo ganadero revela carencias que disminuyen la productividad de este ecosistema, con potencialidad para un manejo de Vicunas.

  • effects of capture shearing and release on the ecology and behavior of wild Vicunas
    Journal of Wildlife Management, 2012
    Co-Authors: Yanina Arzamendia, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    The goals of sustainable use of wildlife include minimizing long term deleterious impacts of management. We evaluated the ethoecological and demographic responses of wild Vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) to capture, shearing, and release in northern Argentina, as well as effects on behavior, by comparing captured and shorn versus non-captured animals for 2 yr after capture events. We observed subtle and short-term changes in the movement behavior of individuals, likely due to thermal and behavioral stress following capture. We did not observe changes in survival and birth rates, social organization, or distribution of animals following capture. Therefore, we concluded that the capture techniques used resulted in low impacts on the wild vicuna population. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.

  • behavioural and physiological consequences of capture for shearing of Vicunas in argentina
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Yanina Arzamendia, Cristian Bonacic, Bibiana Vilá
    Abstract:

    Abstract Behavioural, physical and physiological responses of Argentinean Vicunas to capture, handling and shearing were studied for the first time. The research was undertaken in a study area of 2414ha with a mean density of 12–40Vicunas/km 2 . Captures were conducted on groups of wild Vicunas that had not received any prior management. Groups were herded into a funnel system that ended in a corral with several internal subdivisions. Three distinct capture methods were compared, according to the method by which the animals were herded into the corral (vehicles system: vehicles only; mixed system: people on foot and vehicles; and Chaku system: people on foot only). Attempts to escape, alarm calls, increased vigilance, vocalizations, and kicking were measured to quantify the stress response. A total of 478 Vicunas were captured between May 2003 and November 2005. Vicunas captures by mixed system showed alert and active behaviours and vocalized more in the handling corral. The most active animals inside the corrals showed higher respiratory and heart frequency during handling ( r =0.44, P r =0.58, P r =−0.31, P =0.05 and r =−0.4, P =0.05, respectively). Females captured by people on foot showed greater concentrations of cortisol (174±10.5nmol/L), compared to Vicunas captured by people and vehicles (127.38±12.5nmol/L) ( F (1,21) =7.22, P

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