The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tapas Kumar Goswami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tribute to Prof. Frank Fenner an Eminent Virologist Who Contributed for Eradication of Small Pox (1914–2010)
Indian Journal of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Tapas Kumar GoswamiAbstract:All most all Virologists working in the field of animal virus across the world are familiar with the name of Prof. Frank Fenner. The demise of this great Australian Virologist on 22nd November 2010 at his home town in Canberra is a great loss to the human society. He is the eminent animal Virologist whose contribution made it possible to eradicate small pox from the earth. At the same time Frank Fenner is a popular name among medical and veterinary professionals for the highly referred virology text book ‘‘Medical Virology’’ and ‘‘The Biology of Animal Viruses’’, written by him. Frank Fenner was born on 21st December 1914 in a small town at Ballart near Melbourne, Victoria. Fenner wanted to become a geologist. However, as desired by his father Charles Fenner, a school teacher, he studied medicine instead, graduating from the University of Adelaide in 1938. Subsequently he obtained MD in 1942 from the University of Adelaide. Between 1942 and 1946 he served in Egypt and Papua New Guinea as an army officer in the Australian Army Medical Corps, where he worked on the malarial parasite. For his work in combating malaria in Papua New Guinea he was made a member of The Order of British Empire. While stationed at Queensland he came in contact with Captain Ellen (Bobbie) Roberts, an Australian army nurse who served as part time assistant in his Laboratory, to whom he married and the relationship lasted until her death in 1995. Following war time service of Frank, Macfarlane Burnet offered him a job at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne to follow up ectromelia which was subsequently named as mouse pox and turned really to be small pox of mice closely related to vaccinia. This fact about ectromelia remained unknown to scientific community till Topley, Wilson and Greenwood in Britain published some classic wok on the experimental epidemiology of ectromelia. Frank continued work on pathogenesis of ectromelia and published his paper in Lancet in 1948. In 1949 Burnet and Fenner published a book ‘‘The production of antibody’’ the main theme of which described self versus non self theory of antibody synthesis and was the basis for Nobel Prize award to Burnet in 1960. This ground-breaking work led Frank to a fellowship in 1949 at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (Now Rockefeller University) in New York, where Fenner worked on a unique strain of tubercle bacilli that did not cause any lesions on internal organ due to its temperature sensitive character but caused Buruli ulcer (skin lesions). Upon his return to Australia in 1949, he joined as Professor of Microbiology at the John Curtain School of Medical Research, a newly created post graduate research institute under Australian National University in Canberra, and continued his work on host resistance against myxoma virus that causes rabbit pox. He T. Goswami (&) Section of Immunology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, U.P., India e-mail: goswami.tapas@gmail.com
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tribute to prof frank fenner an eminent Virologist who contributed for eradication of small pox 1914 2010
Indian Journal of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Tapas Kumar GoswamiAbstract:All most all Virologists working in the field of animal virus across the world are familiar with the name of Prof. Frank Fenner. The demise of this great Australian Virologist on 22nd November 2010 at his home town in Canberra is a great loss to the human society. He is the eminent animal Virologist whose contribution made it possible to eradicate small pox from the earth. At the same time Frank Fenner is a popular name among medical and veterinary professionals for the highly referred virology text book ‘‘Medical Virology’’ and ‘‘The Biology of Animal Viruses’’, written by him. Frank Fenner was born on 21st December 1914 in a small town at Ballart near Melbourne, Victoria. Fenner wanted to become a geologist. However, as desired by his father Charles Fenner, a school teacher, he studied medicine instead, graduating from the University of Adelaide in 1938. Subsequently he obtained MD in 1942 from the University of Adelaide. Between 1942 and 1946 he served in Egypt and Papua New Guinea as an army officer in the Australian Army Medical Corps, where he worked on the malarial parasite. For his work in combating malaria in Papua New Guinea he was made a member of The Order of British Empire. While stationed at Queensland he came in contact with Captain Ellen (Bobbie) Roberts, an Australian army nurse who served as part time assistant in his Laboratory, to whom he married and the relationship lasted until her death in 1995. Following war time service of Frank, Macfarlane Burnet offered him a job at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Melbourne to follow up ectromelia which was subsequently named as mouse pox and turned really to be small pox of mice closely related to vaccinia. This fact about ectromelia remained unknown to scientific community till Topley, Wilson and Greenwood in Britain published some classic wok on the experimental epidemiology of ectromelia. Frank continued work on pathogenesis of ectromelia and published his paper in Lancet in 1948. In 1949 Burnet and Fenner published a book ‘‘The production of antibody’’ the main theme of which described self versus non self theory of antibody synthesis and was the basis for Nobel Prize award to Burnet in 1960. This ground-breaking work led Frank to a fellowship in 1949 at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (Now Rockefeller University) in New York, where Fenner worked on a unique strain of tubercle bacilli that did not cause any lesions on internal organ due to its temperature sensitive character but caused Buruli ulcer (skin lesions). Upon his return to Australia in 1949, he joined as Professor of Microbiology at the John Curtain School of Medical Research, a newly created post graduate research institute under Australian National University in Canberra, and continued his work on host resistance against myxoma virus that causes rabbit pox. He T. Goswami (&) Section of Immunology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, U.P., India e-mail: goswami.tapas@gmail.com
Bert Rima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virus taxonomy and classification: naming of virus species
Archives of Virology, 2020Co-Authors: Roger Hull, Bert RimaAbstract:Virus classification arranges viruses showing similar properties into groups and, even though this depends on choices of which specific properties have a value for classification, it does have certain important features. It aims to give a structured arrangement of viruses so that the human mind can comprehend them more easily. It helps with communication between Virologists, and between Virologists and non-Virologists (e.g. regulators, advisers, other stakeholders etc.). It enables properties of new viruses to be predicted, and it could reveal possible evolutionary relationships. We need appropriate unambiguous names for virus species, which is the keystone taxon, howsoever these are defined. We react to the recent consultation paper [ 1 ] and suggest that, before deciding on a binomial (Latinized or non-Latinized) system for virus species names, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses develops a 21^st century virus classification system that handles the large numbers of new virus species expected from metagenomic studies. This system should be user-friendly for easy communication, especially between Virologists and non-Virologist stakeholders.
Peter B Jahrling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clarification and guidance on the proper usage of virus and virus species names
Archives of Virology, 2010Co-Authors: Jens H Kuhn, Peter B JahrlingAbstract:A pivotal step in the development of a consistent nomenclature for virus classification was the introduction of the virus species concept by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in 1991. Yet, almost two decades later, many Virologists still are unable to differentiate between virus species and actual viruses. Here we attempt to explain the origin of this confusion, clarify the difference between taxa and physical entities, and suggest simple measures that could be implemented by ICTV Study Groups to make virus taxonomy and nomenclature more accessible to laboratory Virologists.
Roger Hull - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Virus taxonomy and classification: naming of virus species
Archives of Virology, 2020Co-Authors: Roger Hull, Bert RimaAbstract:Virus classification arranges viruses showing similar properties into groups and, even though this depends on choices of which specific properties have a value for classification, it does have certain important features. It aims to give a structured arrangement of viruses so that the human mind can comprehend them more easily. It helps with communication between Virologists, and between Virologists and non-Virologists (e.g. regulators, advisers, other stakeholders etc.). It enables properties of new viruses to be predicted, and it could reveal possible evolutionary relationships. We need appropriate unambiguous names for virus species, which is the keystone taxon, howsoever these are defined. We react to the recent consultation paper [ 1 ] and suggest that, before deciding on a binomial (Latinized or non-Latinized) system for virus species names, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses develops a 21^st century virus classification system that handles the large numbers of new virus species expected from metagenomic studies. This system should be user-friendly for easy communication, especially between Virologists and non-Virologist stakeholders.
C. A. De Quadros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eradication of Wild Poliovirus from the Americas: Wild Poliovirus Surveillance-Laboratory Issues
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1997Co-Authors: F P Pinheiro, Olen M. Kew, M H Hatch, C M Da Silveira, C. A. De QuadrosAbstract:The Pan American Regional Poliomyelitis Laboratory Network, developed to support the program to eradicate indigenous wild poliovirus transmission in the Americas, included 10 laboratories, distributed in eight countries in the Americas, organized according to the diagnostic procedures they regularly performed. All laboratories isolated and typed virus in stool specimens, several did intratypic differentiation by nucleic acid probe hybridization, and 2 sequenced wild poliovirus isolates for molecular epidemiologic studies. High performance of the network was maintained through comprehensive training of Virologists, continuous monitoring of laboratory performance, and prompt investigation of problems. Recommended field and laboratory procedures were regularly reviewed and revised to optimize sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic efficiency. Close integration of field and laboratory surveillance was achieved through frequent meetings between Virologists and epidemiologists, effective communication of program priorities, and the distribution of weekly surveillance reports.
