The Experts below are selected from a list of 3117 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Olivier Collignon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a brief period of postnatal Visual Deprivation alters the balance between auditory and Visual attention
Current Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Adelaide De Heering, Olivier Collignon, Giulia Dormal, Daphne Maurer, Maxime Pelland, Terri T LewisAbstract:Summary Is a short and transient period of Visual Deprivation early in life sufficient to induce lifelong changes in how we attend to, and integrate, simple Visual and auditory information [1, 2]? This question is of crucial importance given the recent demonstration in both animals and humans that a period of blindness early in life permanently affects the brain networks dedicated to Visual, auditory, and multisensory processing [1–16]. To address this issue, we compared a group of adults who had been treated for congenital bilateral cataracts during early infancy with a group of normally sighted controls on a task requiring simple detection of lateralized Visual and auditory targets, presented alone or in combination. Redundancy gains obtained from the audioVisual conditions were similar between groups and surpassed the reaction time distribution predicted by Miller's race model. However, in comparison to controls, cataract-reversal patients were faster at processing simple auditory targets and showed differences in how they shifted attention across modalities. Specifically, they were faster at switching attention from Visual to auditory inputs than in the reverse situation, while an opposite pattern was observed for controls. Overall, these results reveal that the absence of Visual input during the first months of life does not prevent the development of audioVisual integration but enhances the salience of simple auditory inputs, leading to a different crossmodal distribution of attentional resources between auditory and Visual stimuli.
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auditory motion in the sighted and blind early Visual Deprivation triggers a large scale imbalance between auditory and Visual brain regions
NeuroImage, 2016Co-Authors: Giulia Dormal, Franco Lepore, Mohamed Rezk, Esther Yakobov, Olivier CollignonAbstract:Abstract How early blindness reorganizes the brain circuitry that supports auditory motion processing remains controversial. We used fMRI to characterize brain responses to in-depth, laterally moving, and static sounds in early blind and sighted individuals. Whole-brain univariate analyses revealed that the right posterior middle temporal gyrus and superior occipital gyrus selectively responded to both in-depth and laterally moving sounds only in the blind. These regions overlapped with regions selective for Visual motion (hMT +/V5 and V3A) that were independently localized in the sighted. In the early blind, the right planum temporale showed enhanced functional connectivity with right occipito-temporal regions during auditory motion processing and a concomitant reduced functional connectivity with parietal and frontal regions. Whole-brain searchlight multivariate analyses demonstrated higher auditory motion decoding in the right posterior middle temporal gyrus in the blind compared to the sighted, while decoding accuracy was enhanced in the auditory cortex bilaterally in the sighted compared to the blind. Analyses targeting individually defined Visual area hMT +/V5 however indicated that auditory motion information could be reliably decoded within this area even in the sighted group. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that early Visual Deprivation triggers a large-scale imbalance between auditory and “Visual” brain regions that typically support the processing of motion information.
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long lasting crossmodal cortical reorganization triggered by brief postnatal Visual Deprivation
Current Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Franco Lepore, Giulia Dormal, Adelaide De Heering, Terri L Lewis, Daphne MaurerAbstract:Summary Animal and human studies have demonstrated that transient Visual Deprivation early in life, even for a very short period, permanently alters the response properties of neurons in the Visual cortex and leads to corresponding behavioral Visual deficits [1–7]. While it is acknowledged that early-onset and longstanding blindness leads the occipital cortex to respond to non-Visual stimulation [8, 9], it remains unknown whether a short and transient period of postnatal Visual Deprivation is sufficient to trigger crossmodal reorganization that persists after years of Visual experience. In the present study, we characterized brain responses to auditory stimuli in 11 adults who had been deprived of all patterned vision at birth by congenital cataracts in both eyes until they were treated at 9 to 238 days of age. When compared to controls with typical Visual experience, the cataract-reversal group showed enhanced auditory-driven activity in focal Visual regions. A combination of dynamic causal modeling with Bayesian model selection [10] indicated that this auditory-driven activity in the occipital cortex was better explained by direct cortico-cortical connections with the primary auditory cortex than by subcortical connections. Thus, a short and transient period of Visual Deprivation early in life leads to enduring large-scale crossmodal reorganization of the brain circuitry typically dedicated to vision.
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impact of early and late Visual Deprivation on the structure of the corpus callosum a study combining thickness profile with surface tensor based morphometry
Neuroinformatics, 2015Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Franco Lepore, Liang Xu, Gang Wang, Yue Kang, Anand A Joshi, Natasha Lepore, Yalin WangAbstract:Blindness represents a unique model to study how Visual experience may shape the development of brain organization. Exploring how the structure of the corpus callosum (CC) reorganizes ensuing Visual Deprivation is of particular interest due to its important functional implication in vision (e.g., via the splenium of the CC). Moreover, comparing early versus late Visually deprived individuals has the potential to unravel the existence of a sensitive period for reshaping the CC structure. Here, we develop a novel framework to capture a complete set of shape differences in the CC between congenitally blind (CB), late blind (LB) and sighted control (SC) groups. The CCs were manually segmented from T1-weighted brain MRI and modeled by 3D tetrahedral meshes. We statistically compared the combination of local area and thickness at each point between subject groups. Differences in area are found using surface tensor-based morphometry; thickness is estimated by tracing the streamlines in the volumetric harmonic field. Group differences were assessed on this combined measure using Hotelling’s T2 test. Interestingly, we observed that the total callosal volume did not differ between the groups. However, our fine-grained analysis reveals significant differences mostly localized around the splenium areas between both blind groups and the sighted group (general effects of blindness) and, importantly, specific dissimilarities between the LB and CB groups, illustrating the existence of a sensitive period for reorganization. The new multivariate statistics also gave better effect sizes for detecting morphometric differences, relative to other statistics. They may boost statistical power for CC morphometric analyses.
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early Visual Deprivation alters multisensory processing in peripersonal space
Neuropsychologia, 2009Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Geneviève Charbonneau, Franco Lepore, Maryse LassondeAbstract:Multisensory peripersonal space develops in a maturational process that is thought to be influenced by early sensory experience. We investigated the role of vision in the effective development of audiotactile interactions in peripersonal space. Early blind (EB), late blind (LB) and sighted control (SC) participants were asked to lateralize auditory, tactile and audiotactile stimuli. The experiment was conducted with the hands uncrossed or crossed over the body midline in order to alter the relationship between personal and peripersonal spatial representations. First, we observed that the crossed posture results in a greater detrimental effect for tactile performance in sighted subjects but a greater deficit in auditory performance in early blind ones. This result is interpreted as evidence for a Visually driven developmental process that automatically remaps tactile and proprioceptive spatial representation into an external framework. Second, we demonstrate that improved reaction times observed in the bimodal conditions in SC and LB exceeds that predicted by probability summation in both conditions of postures, indicating neural integration of different sensory information. In EB, nonlinear summation was obtained in the uncrossed but not in the crossed posture. We argue that the default use of an anatomically anchored reference system in EB prevents effective audiotactile interactions in the crossed posture due to the poorly aligned spatial coordinates of these two modalities in such conditions. Altogether, these results provide compelling evidence for the critical role of early vision in the development of multisensory perception and action control in peripersonal space.
Franco Lepore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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auditory motion in the sighted and blind early Visual Deprivation triggers a large scale imbalance between auditory and Visual brain regions
NeuroImage, 2016Co-Authors: Giulia Dormal, Franco Lepore, Mohamed Rezk, Esther Yakobov, Olivier CollignonAbstract:Abstract How early blindness reorganizes the brain circuitry that supports auditory motion processing remains controversial. We used fMRI to characterize brain responses to in-depth, laterally moving, and static sounds in early blind and sighted individuals. Whole-brain univariate analyses revealed that the right posterior middle temporal gyrus and superior occipital gyrus selectively responded to both in-depth and laterally moving sounds only in the blind. These regions overlapped with regions selective for Visual motion (hMT +/V5 and V3A) that were independently localized in the sighted. In the early blind, the right planum temporale showed enhanced functional connectivity with right occipito-temporal regions during auditory motion processing and a concomitant reduced functional connectivity with parietal and frontal regions. Whole-brain searchlight multivariate analyses demonstrated higher auditory motion decoding in the right posterior middle temporal gyrus in the blind compared to the sighted, while decoding accuracy was enhanced in the auditory cortex bilaterally in the sighted compared to the blind. Analyses targeting individually defined Visual area hMT +/V5 however indicated that auditory motion information could be reliably decoded within this area even in the sighted group. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that early Visual Deprivation triggers a large-scale imbalance between auditory and “Visual” brain regions that typically support the processing of motion information.
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long lasting crossmodal cortical reorganization triggered by brief postnatal Visual Deprivation
Current Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Franco Lepore, Giulia Dormal, Adelaide De Heering, Terri L Lewis, Daphne MaurerAbstract:Summary Animal and human studies have demonstrated that transient Visual Deprivation early in life, even for a very short period, permanently alters the response properties of neurons in the Visual cortex and leads to corresponding behavioral Visual deficits [1–7]. While it is acknowledged that early-onset and longstanding blindness leads the occipital cortex to respond to non-Visual stimulation [8, 9], it remains unknown whether a short and transient period of postnatal Visual Deprivation is sufficient to trigger crossmodal reorganization that persists after years of Visual experience. In the present study, we characterized brain responses to auditory stimuli in 11 adults who had been deprived of all patterned vision at birth by congenital cataracts in both eyes until they were treated at 9 to 238 days of age. When compared to controls with typical Visual experience, the cataract-reversal group showed enhanced auditory-driven activity in focal Visual regions. A combination of dynamic causal modeling with Bayesian model selection [10] indicated that this auditory-driven activity in the occipital cortex was better explained by direct cortico-cortical connections with the primary auditory cortex than by subcortical connections. Thus, a short and transient period of Visual Deprivation early in life leads to enduring large-scale crossmodal reorganization of the brain circuitry typically dedicated to vision.
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impact of early and late Visual Deprivation on the structure of the corpus callosum a study combining thickness profile with surface tensor based morphometry
Neuroinformatics, 2015Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Franco Lepore, Liang Xu, Gang Wang, Yue Kang, Anand A Joshi, Natasha Lepore, Yalin WangAbstract:Blindness represents a unique model to study how Visual experience may shape the development of brain organization. Exploring how the structure of the corpus callosum (CC) reorganizes ensuing Visual Deprivation is of particular interest due to its important functional implication in vision (e.g., via the splenium of the CC). Moreover, comparing early versus late Visually deprived individuals has the potential to unravel the existence of a sensitive period for reshaping the CC structure. Here, we develop a novel framework to capture a complete set of shape differences in the CC between congenitally blind (CB), late blind (LB) and sighted control (SC) groups. The CCs were manually segmented from T1-weighted brain MRI and modeled by 3D tetrahedral meshes. We statistically compared the combination of local area and thickness at each point between subject groups. Differences in area are found using surface tensor-based morphometry; thickness is estimated by tracing the streamlines in the volumetric harmonic field. Group differences were assessed on this combined measure using Hotelling’s T2 test. Interestingly, we observed that the total callosal volume did not differ between the groups. However, our fine-grained analysis reveals significant differences mostly localized around the splenium areas between both blind groups and the sighted group (general effects of blindness) and, importantly, specific dissimilarities between the LB and CB groups, illustrating the existence of a sensitive period for reorganization. The new multivariate statistics also gave better effect sizes for detecting morphometric differences, relative to other statistics. They may boost statistical power for CC morphometric analyses.
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early Visual Deprivation alters multisensory processing in peripersonal space
Neuropsychologia, 2009Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Geneviève Charbonneau, Franco Lepore, Maryse LassondeAbstract:Multisensory peripersonal space develops in a maturational process that is thought to be influenced by early sensory experience. We investigated the role of vision in the effective development of audiotactile interactions in peripersonal space. Early blind (EB), late blind (LB) and sighted control (SC) participants were asked to lateralize auditory, tactile and audiotactile stimuli. The experiment was conducted with the hands uncrossed or crossed over the body midline in order to alter the relationship between personal and peripersonal spatial representations. First, we observed that the crossed posture results in a greater detrimental effect for tactile performance in sighted subjects but a greater deficit in auditory performance in early blind ones. This result is interpreted as evidence for a Visually driven developmental process that automatically remaps tactile and proprioceptive spatial representation into an external framework. Second, we demonstrate that improved reaction times observed in the bimodal conditions in SC and LB exceeds that predicted by probability summation in both conditions of postures, indicating neural integration of different sensory information. In EB, nonlinear summation was obtained in the uncrossed but not in the crossed posture. We argue that the default use of an anatomically anchored reference system in EB prevents effective audiotactile interactions in the crossed posture due to the poorly aligned spatial coordinates of these two modalities in such conditions. Altogether, these results provide compelling evidence for the critical role of early vision in the development of multisensory perception and action control in peripersonal space.
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Early Visual Deprivation alters multisensory processing in peripersonal space
Neuropsychologia, 2009Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Geneviève Charbonneau, Maryse Lassonde, Franco LeporeAbstract:Multisensory peripersonal space develops in a maturational process that is thought to be influenced by early sensory experience. We investigated the role of vision in the effective development of audiotactile interactions in peripersonal space. Early blind (EB), late blind (LB) and sighted control (SC) participants were asked to lateralize auditory, tactile and audiotactile stimuli. The experiment was conducted with the hands uncrossed or crossed over the body midline in order to alter the relationship between personal and peripersonal spatial representations. First, we observed that the crossed posture results in a greater detrimental effect for tactile performance in sighted subjects but a greater deficit in auditory performance in early blind ones. This result is interpreted as evidence for a Visually driven developmental process that automatically remaps tactile and proprioceptive spatial representation into an external framework. Second, we demonstrate that improved reaction times observed in the bimodal conditions in SC and LB exceeds that predicted by probability summation in both conditions of postures, indicating neural integration of different sensory information. In EB, nonlinear summation was obtained in the uncrossed but not in the crossed posture. We argue that the default use of an anatomically anchored reference system in EB prevents effective audiotactile interactions in the crossed posture due to the poorly aligned spatial coordinates of these two modalities in such conditions. Altogether, these results provide compelling evidence for the critical role of early vision in the development of multisensory perception and action control in peripersonal space. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.
Daphne Maurer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reduced adaptability but no fundamental disruption of norm based face coding following early Visual Deprivation from congenital cataracts
Developmental Science, 2017Co-Authors: Gillian Rhodes, Adelaide De Heering, Mayu Nishimura, Linda Jeffery, Daphne MaurerAbstract:Faces are adaptively coded relative to Visual norms that are updated by experience, and this adaptive coding is linked to face recognition ability. Here we investigated whether adaptive coding of faces is disrupted in individuals (adolescents and adults) who experience face recognition difficulties following Visual Deprivation from congenital cataracts in infancy. We measured adaptive coding using face identity aftereffects, where smaller aftereffects indicate less adaptive updating of face-coding mechanisms by experience. We also examined whether the aftereffects increase with adaptor identity strength, consistent with norm-based coding of identity, as in typical populations, or whether they show a different pattern indicating some more fundamental disruption of face-coding mechanisms. Cataract-reversal patients showed significantly smaller face identity aftereffects than did controls (Experiments 1 and 2). However, their aftereffects increased significantly with adaptor strength, consistent with norm-based coding (Experiment 2). Thus we found reduced adaptability but no fundamental disruption of norm-based face-coding mechanisms in cataract-reversal patients. Our results suggest that early Visual experience is important for the normal development of adaptive face-coding mechanisms. The updating of face norms by experience is reduced in cataract-reversal patients, suggesting a role for early Visual experience in the development of adaptive face-coding mechanisms. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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a brief period of postnatal Visual Deprivation alters the balance between auditory and Visual attention
Current Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Adelaide De Heering, Olivier Collignon, Giulia Dormal, Daphne Maurer, Maxime Pelland, Terri T LewisAbstract:Summary Is a short and transient period of Visual Deprivation early in life sufficient to induce lifelong changes in how we attend to, and integrate, simple Visual and auditory information [1, 2]? This question is of crucial importance given the recent demonstration in both animals and humans that a period of blindness early in life permanently affects the brain networks dedicated to Visual, auditory, and multisensory processing [1–16]. To address this issue, we compared a group of adults who had been treated for congenital bilateral cataracts during early infancy with a group of normally sighted controls on a task requiring simple detection of lateralized Visual and auditory targets, presented alone or in combination. Redundancy gains obtained from the audioVisual conditions were similar between groups and surpassed the reaction time distribution predicted by Miller's race model. However, in comparison to controls, cataract-reversal patients were faster at processing simple auditory targets and showed differences in how they shifted attention across modalities. Specifically, they were faster at switching attention from Visual to auditory inputs than in the reverse situation, while an opposite pattern was observed for controls. Overall, these results reveal that the absence of Visual input during the first months of life does not prevent the development of audioVisual integration but enhances the salience of simple auditory inputs, leading to a different crossmodal distribution of attentional resources between auditory and Visual stimuli.
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long lasting crossmodal cortical reorganization triggered by brief postnatal Visual Deprivation
Current Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Franco Lepore, Giulia Dormal, Adelaide De Heering, Terri L Lewis, Daphne MaurerAbstract:Summary Animal and human studies have demonstrated that transient Visual Deprivation early in life, even for a very short period, permanently alters the response properties of neurons in the Visual cortex and leads to corresponding behavioral Visual deficits [1–7]. While it is acknowledged that early-onset and longstanding blindness leads the occipital cortex to respond to non-Visual stimulation [8, 9], it remains unknown whether a short and transient period of postnatal Visual Deprivation is sufficient to trigger crossmodal reorganization that persists after years of Visual experience. In the present study, we characterized brain responses to auditory stimuli in 11 adults who had been deprived of all patterned vision at birth by congenital cataracts in both eyes until they were treated at 9 to 238 days of age. When compared to controls with typical Visual experience, the cataract-reversal group showed enhanced auditory-driven activity in focal Visual regions. A combination of dynamic causal modeling with Bayesian model selection [10] indicated that this auditory-driven activity in the occipital cortex was better explained by direct cortico-cortical connections with the primary auditory cortex than by subcortical connections. Thus, a short and transient period of Visual Deprivation early in life leads to enduring large-scale crossmodal reorganization of the brain circuitry typically dedicated to vision.
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early Visual Deprivation from congenital cataracts disrupts activity and functional connectivity in the face network
Neuropsychologia, 2014Co-Authors: Cheryl L Grady, Terri L Lewis, Daphne Maurer, Catherine J MondlochAbstract:Abstract The development of the face-processing network has been examined with functional neuroimaging, but the effect of Visual Deprivation early in life on this network is not known. We examined this question in a group of young adults who had been born with dense, central cataracts in both eyes that blocked all Visual input to the retina until the cataracts were removed during infancy. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine regions in the “core” and “extended” face networks as participants viewed faces and other objects, and performed a face discrimination task. This task required matching faces on the basis of facial features or on the spacing between the facial features. The Cataract group (a) had reduced discrimination performance on the Spacing task relative to Controls; (b) used the same brain regions as Controls when passively viewing faces or making judgments about faces, but showed reduced activation during passive viewing of faces, especially in extended face-network regions; and (c) unlike Controls, showed activation in face-network regions for objects. In addition, the functional connections of the fusiform gyri with the rest of the face network were altered, and these brain changes were related to Cataract participants’ performance on the face discrimination task. These results provide evidence that early Visual input is necessary to set up or preserve activity and functional connectivity in the face-processing network that will later mediate expert face processing.
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the effect of early Visual Deprivation on the development of face detection
Developmental Science, 2013Co-Authors: Catherine J Mondloch, Terri L Lewis, Richard Le Grand, Sidney J Segalowitz, Jane Dywan, Daphne MaurerAbstract:The expertise of adults in face perception is facilitated by their ability to rapidly detect that a stimulus is a face. In two experiments, we examined the role of early Visual input in the development of face detection by testing patients who had been treated as infants for bilateral congenital cataract. Experiment 1 indicated that, at age 9 to 20, patients’ accuracy and response times on a Mooney face detection task were normal. Experiment 2 revealed that the neural mechanisms underlying face detection in a similar group of adult patients are abnormal: the amplitude of both the P100 and N170 event-related potential were larger in patients than in Visually normal controls, and the extent of augmentation was related to the duration of Deprivation. Thus, early Visual experience is necessary for the establishment of normal neural networks for face detection; abnormalities at these early processing stages may contribute to the deficits we previously reported in configural face processing for this patient cohort.
Terri L Lewis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long lasting crossmodal cortical reorganization triggered by brief postnatal Visual Deprivation
Current Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Olivier Collignon, Franco Lepore, Giulia Dormal, Adelaide De Heering, Terri L Lewis, Daphne MaurerAbstract:Summary Animal and human studies have demonstrated that transient Visual Deprivation early in life, even for a very short period, permanently alters the response properties of neurons in the Visual cortex and leads to corresponding behavioral Visual deficits [1–7]. While it is acknowledged that early-onset and longstanding blindness leads the occipital cortex to respond to non-Visual stimulation [8, 9], it remains unknown whether a short and transient period of postnatal Visual Deprivation is sufficient to trigger crossmodal reorganization that persists after years of Visual experience. In the present study, we characterized brain responses to auditory stimuli in 11 adults who had been deprived of all patterned vision at birth by congenital cataracts in both eyes until they were treated at 9 to 238 days of age. When compared to controls with typical Visual experience, the cataract-reversal group showed enhanced auditory-driven activity in focal Visual regions. A combination of dynamic causal modeling with Bayesian model selection [10] indicated that this auditory-driven activity in the occipital cortex was better explained by direct cortico-cortical connections with the primary auditory cortex than by subcortical connections. Thus, a short and transient period of Visual Deprivation early in life leads to enduring large-scale crossmodal reorganization of the brain circuitry typically dedicated to vision.
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early Visual Deprivation from congenital cataracts disrupts activity and functional connectivity in the face network
Neuropsychologia, 2014Co-Authors: Cheryl L Grady, Terri L Lewis, Daphne Maurer, Catherine J MondlochAbstract:Abstract The development of the face-processing network has been examined with functional neuroimaging, but the effect of Visual Deprivation early in life on this network is not known. We examined this question in a group of young adults who had been born with dense, central cataracts in both eyes that blocked all Visual input to the retina until the cataracts were removed during infancy. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine regions in the “core” and “extended” face networks as participants viewed faces and other objects, and performed a face discrimination task. This task required matching faces on the basis of facial features or on the spacing between the facial features. The Cataract group (a) had reduced discrimination performance on the Spacing task relative to Controls; (b) used the same brain regions as Controls when passively viewing faces or making judgments about faces, but showed reduced activation during passive viewing of faces, especially in extended face-network regions; and (c) unlike Controls, showed activation in face-network regions for objects. In addition, the functional connections of the fusiform gyri with the rest of the face network were altered, and these brain changes were related to Cataract participants’ performance on the face discrimination task. These results provide evidence that early Visual input is necessary to set up or preserve activity and functional connectivity in the face-processing network that will later mediate expert face processing.
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the effect of early Visual Deprivation on the development of face detection
Developmental Science, 2013Co-Authors: Catherine J Mondloch, Terri L Lewis, Richard Le Grand, Sidney J Segalowitz, Jane Dywan, Daphne MaurerAbstract:The expertise of adults in face perception is facilitated by their ability to rapidly detect that a stimulus is a face. In two experiments, we examined the role of early Visual input in the development of face detection by testing patients who had been treated as infants for bilateral congenital cataract. Experiment 1 indicated that, at age 9 to 20, patients’ accuracy and response times on a Mooney face detection task were normal. Experiment 2 revealed that the neural mechanisms underlying face detection in a similar group of adult patients are abnormal: the amplitude of both the P100 and N170 event-related potential were larger in patients than in Visually normal controls, and the extent of augmentation was related to the duration of Deprivation. Thus, early Visual experience is necessary for the establishment of normal neural networks for face detection; abnormalities at these early processing stages may contribute to the deficits we previously reported in configural face processing for this patient cohort.
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sparing of sensitivity to biological motion but not of global motion after early Visual Deprivation
Developmental Science, 2012Co-Authors: Batsheva Hadad, Daphne Maurer, Terri L LewisAbstract:Patients deprived of Visual experience during infancy by dense bilateral congenital cataracts later show marked deficits in the perception of global motion (dorsal Visual stream) and global form (ventral Visual stream). We expected that they would also show marked deficits in sensitivity to biological motion, which is normally processed in the superior temporal sulcus via input from both the dorsal and ventral streams. When tested on the same day for sensitivity to biological motion and to global motion at two speeds (4 and 18� s )1 ), patients, as expected, displayed a large deficit in processing global motion at both speeds. Surprisingly, they performed normally in discriminating biological motion from scrambled displays, tolerating as much noise as their age-matched controls. Networks bypassing damaged portions of the dorsal and the ventral streams must mediate the spared sensitivity to biological motion after early Visual Deprivation.
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deficits in sensitivity to spacing after early Visual Deprivation in humans a comparison of human faces monkey faces and houses
Developmental Psychobiology, 2010Co-Authors: Rachel A Robbins, Terri L Lewis, Mayu Nishimura, Catherine J Mondloch, Daphne MaurerAbstract:Early Visual Deprivation caused by bilateral congenital cataracts produces deficits in discriminating faces that differ in the spacing of features, but not in feature shape (Le Grand et al. (2001) Nature 410: 810). We investigated whether these deficits are specific to human faces by testing patients' ability to discriminate between stimuli differing only in feature spacing in human and monkey faces (Experiment 1) and in houses (Experiment 2). Patients, as a group, showed deficits on only one task: they had lower accuracy than normal in discriminating feature spacing in human faces. In contrast, they were normal in discriminating feature spacing in monkey faces and in houses. The results suggest that early Visual experience is necessary to set up (or preserve) the neural architecture used for processing human faces, but not for processing objects in general. ! 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 775-781, 2010.
Brigitte Roder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of early Visual Deprivation on the neural bases of auditory processing
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Maria J S Guerreiro, Lisa Putzar, Brigitte RoderAbstract:Transient congenital Visual Deprivation affects Visual and multisensory processing. In contrast, the extent to which it affects auditory processing has not been investigated systematically. Research in permanently blind individuals has revealed brain reorganization during auditory processing, involving both intramodal and crossmodal plasticity. The present study investigated the effect of transient congenital Visual Deprivation on the neural bases of auditory processing in humans. Cataract-reversal individuals and normally sighted controls performed a speech-in-noise task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although there were no behavioral group differences, groups differed in auditory cortical responses: in the normally sighted group, auditory cortex activation increased with increasing noise level, whereas in the cataract-reversal group, no activation difference was observed across noise levels. An auditory activation of Visual cortex was not observed at the group level in cataract-reversal individuals. The present data suggest prevailing auditory processing advantages after transient congenital Visual Deprivation, even many years after sight restoration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present study demonstrates that people whose sight was restored after a transient period of congenital blindness show more efficient cortical processing of auditory stimuli (here speech), similarly to what has been observed in congenitally permanently blind individuals. These results underscore the importance of early sensory experience in permanently shaping brain function.
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the effect of early Visual Deprivation on the neural bases of multisensory processing
Brain, 2015Co-Authors: Maria J S Guerreiro, Lisa Putzar, Brigitte RoderAbstract:Developmental vision is deemed to be necessary for the maturation of multisensory cortical circuits. Thus far, this has only been investigated in animal studies, which have shown that congenital Visual Deprivation markedly reduces the capability of neurons to integrate cross-modal inputs. The present study investigated the effect of transient congenital Visual Deprivation on the neural mechanisms of multisensory processing in humans. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare responses of Visual and auditory cortical areas to Visual, auditory and audio-Visual stimulation in cataract-reversal patients and normally sighted controls. The results showed that cataract-reversal patients, unlike normally sighted controls, did not exhibit multisensory integration in auditory areas. Furthermore, cataract-reversal patients, but not normally sighted controls, exhibited lower Visual cortical processing within Visual cortex during audio-Visual stimulation than during Visual stimulation. These results indicate that congenital Visual Deprivation affects the capability of cortical areas to integrate cross-modal inputs in humans, possibly because Visual processing is suppressed during cross-modal stimulation. Arguably, the lack of vision in the first months after birth may result in a reorganization of Visual cortex, including the suppression of noisy Visual input from the deprived retina in order to reduce interference during auditory processing.
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basic multisensory functions can be acquired after congenital Visual pattern Deprivation in humans
Developmental Neuropsychology, 2012Co-Authors: Lisa Putzar, Matthias Gondan, Brigitte RoderAbstract:People treated for bilateral congenital cataracts offer a model to study the influence of Visual Deprivation in early infancy on Visual and multisensory development. We investigated cross-modal integration capabilities in cataract patients using a simple detection task that provided redundant information to two different senses. In both patients and controls, redundancy gains were consistent with coactivation models, indicating an integrated processing of modality-specific information. This finding is in contrast with recent studies showing impaired higher-level multisensory interactions in cataract patients. The present results suggest that basic cross-modal integrative processes for simple short stimuli do not depend on Visual and/or crossmodal input since birth.
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early Visual Deprivation affects the development of face recognition and of audio Visual speech perception
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Lisa Putzar, Kirsten Hotting, Brigitte RoderAbstract:PURPOSE: The investigation of patients treated for bilateral congenital cataracts allows to study the development of Visual and multisensory functions after a period of Visual Deprivation in early infancy. In the present study, cataract patients were tested for their capability to recognize faces and to integrate auditory and Visual speech information. METHODS: In Experiment 1, 12 cataract patients were tested with the Benton Facial Recognition Test. In Experiment 2, a McGurk paradigm was used that investigated audio-Visual interaction and lip-reading capabilities. Here, fifteen cataract patients participated and were compared to normally sighted controls and to Visually impaired controls. RESULTS: In the Benton Facial Recognition Test, cataract patients' performance was unimpaired when target and test face were identical. By contrast, they performed worse than a normally sighted control group when head orientation and/or lighting conditions of the test faces were changed. In the McGurk paradigm, cataract patients displayed impaired lip-reading abilities and a reduced audio-Visual interaction compared to normally sighted controls. The latter deficit prevailed even in a sub-group matched for lip-reading capacities with a normally sighted control sub-group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Visual input in early infancy is a prerequisite for a normal development of Visual and multisensory functions.
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early Visual Deprivation impairs multisensory interactions in humans
Nature Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Lisa Putzar, Ines Goerendt, Kathrin Lange, Frank Rosler, Brigitte RoderAbstract:Animal studies have shown that Visual Deprivation during the first months of life permanently impairs the interactions between sensory systems. Here we report an analogous effect for humans who had been deprived of pattern vision for at least the first five months of their life as a result of congenital binocular cataracts. These patients showed reduced audio-Visual interactions in later life, although their Visual performance in control tasks was unimpaired. Thus, adequate (multisensory) input during the first months of life seems to be a prerequisite in humans, as well as in animals, for the full development of cross-modal interactions.