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Rena R. Wing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lifetime Weight Cycling and psychological health in normal-Weight and overWeight Women
The International journal of eating disorders, 1998Co-Authors: Laurey R. Simkin-silverman, Rena R. Wing, Pam Plantinga, Karen A. Matthews, Lewis H. KullerAbstract:Objective The relationship between Weight Cycling history and psychological health was studied in a sample of 429 normal-Weight and overWeight women. Method: Participants were from the Healthy Women Study, a longitudinal investigation of biological and psychosocial aspects of menopause. Participants were asked to report retrospectively details on their Weight Cycling history in terms of the frequency and magnitude of previous Weight loss episodes. Data were examined using the total cycle Weight lost and the frequency of Weight cycles ⩾10 lb. Self-reported measures of depression, stress, anxiety, and anger were used to evaluate psychological health. Results: For both normal-Weight and overWeight women, the analyses revealed no adverse relationships between Weight Cycling history and the psychological measures. Discussion: These findings suggest that a history of Weight Cycling regardless of Weight status does not adversely impact psychological health. © 1998 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 24: 175–183, 1998.
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Weight Cycling, psychological health, and binge eating in obese women.
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 1996Co-Authors: Elizabeth M. Venditti, Rena R. Wing, John M. Jakicic, Betsy A. Butler, Marsha D. MarcusAbstract:This study examined the relationship between Weight Cycling and psychological health in 120 obese women. Weight Cycling was defined in 2 ways by retrospective self-report: total lifetime Weight loss and total number of Weight cycles > or = 20 lbs (> or = 9.07 kg). Psychological self-report measures assessed psychiatric symptoms, eating behavior, mood, stress, and perceptions of physical health. Of the 52 associations between Weight Cycling and psychological parameters, 8 were significant, with the most consistent association being between Weight Cycling and binge eating. Binge eating was also strongly associated with psychological distress, as found in previous studies. After adjusting for binge eating, however, Weight Cycling was independently related to only one of the psychological measures: perceived physical health.
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A Prospective Study of Effects of Weight Cycling on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
JAMA Internal Medicine, 1995Co-Authors: Rena R. Wing, Robert W. Jeffery, Wendy L. HellerstedtAbstract:Background: The possible adverse health effects of Weight Cycling (Weight loss followed by Weight regain) have been the subject of recent concern. To determine whether such Weight Cycling negatively influences cardiovascular risk factors, 153 overWeight individuals were followed up prospectively through a 30-month Weight loss and maintenance program. Methods: Subjects were divided into seven groups according to their Weight-change patterns during this 30-month study (steady Weight loss of different magnitudes, Weight gain, no change in Weight, and different Weight-Cycling patterns). These Weight-change groups were compared with regard to lipid levels, blood pressure measurements, waist-to-hip ratio, and percent body fat at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 30 months. Results: No adverse effects of Weight Cycling on any of the cardiovascular risk factors were observed. Subjects who initially lost 9.0 kg or more and then regained it did not differ from those who had no change in Weight with regard to any cardiovascular risk factor at month 30. Subjects who gained Weight during the 30-month interval increased their risk factors, those who lost Weight decreased their risk factors in proportion to the magnitude of Weight loss, and, in general, cardiovascular risk factors at month 30 were related to the net Weight loss achieved and not the route taken to achieve the Weight loss. Conclusions: This study showed no negative effects of Weight Cycling on cardiovascular risk factors and confirmed previous findings of positive effects of Weight loss on risk factors. Therefore, overWeight individuals should be encouraged to lose Weight and then maintain their Weight loss. (Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1416-1422)
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Weight Cycling and cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women.
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1992Co-Authors: Robert W. Jeffery, Rena R. Wing, Simone A. FrenchAbstract:This study examined the relationship between Weight Cycling and cardiovascular risk factors in 101 obese men and 101 obese women. Weight Cycling was defined in three ways by retrospective self-report: 1) number of previous Weight losses of greater than or equal to 4.5 kg, 2) total Weight lost in prior Weight-loss attempts, and 3) the difference between highest and lowest Weight as an adult. Cardiovascular risk factors included blood pressure, total and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting and 2-h glucose values, waist-to-hip ratio, and percent of dietary calories from fat. Results did not support the hypothesis that Weight Cycling increased cardiovascular risk factors in either men or women. Of 88 associations examined, only 7 showed differences with P less than 0.05 and of these, 6 were opposite in direction to that hypothesized. We conclude that warnings about the health hazards of repeated dieting may be premature.
Kelly D. Brownell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Differential relation of psychological functioning with the history and experience of Weight Cycling.
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Michael A. Friedman, Marlene B. Schwartz, Kelly D. BrownellAbstract:Two measures of Weight Cycling and indexes of psychological functioning were examined in a large sample of dieters. History of Weight Cycling was assessed to include number of dieting attempts, total lifetime Weight lost and regained, and number of Weight cycles over 20 lb (9.1 kg). Experience of Weight Cycling measured perception of being a yo-yo dieter and perceived success at maintaining past Weight losses. Experience was more strongly related than history to all psychological measures. Further, when controlling for the effects of age, body mass index, and experience, the relation between history and the psychological variables was nonsignificant. This finding suggests that an individual's perception of being a Weight cycler may be more related to psychological problems than the actual number of pounds lost and regained over time.
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Methodological issues in Weight Cycling.
Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 1996Co-Authors: Gary Cutter, Sachiko T. St. Jeor, Robert L. Brunner, Pam Wolfe, John P. Foreyt, Alan R. Dyer, Kelly D. BrownellAbstract:Recent studies have suggested that Weight changes may be related to disease risk independent of Weight status. A critical step in testing this assertion is the measurement of Weight change and so-called “Weight Cycling”. However intuitive the concept of Weight Cycling may appear, research in this area is hampered by complex methodological issues. This article discusses various measures of nominal Weight Cycling, including the standard deviation, coefficient of variation, regression techniques, and cycles. A cycle is a sequence of a gain followed by a loss or vice versa. The various measures are compared in seven hypothetical cases created to illustrate their strengths and weaknesses. Superior performance of the cycles measure over the coefficient of variation, number of fluctuations, and simple regression methods is argued. The linkage of the cycles measure with the statistical theory of runs also provides a basis for testing the significance of Weight fluctuations or other variables that may cycle, such as blood lipids, etc. The cycles measure and runs test provide a viable definition for identifying Weight Cycling and a tool for evaluating the critical amount of Weight gained and/or lost in relationship to risk.
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Medical, Metabolic, and Psychological Effects of Weight Cycling
Archives of internal medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Kelly D. Brownell, Judith RodinAbstract:This article reviews studies on the effects of Weight Cycling and Weight variability on metabolism, psychological status, morbidity, and mortality. Repeated bouts of Weight loss and regain, known as Weight Cycling or yo-yo dieting, are highly prevalent, occur in males and females, and are common in both overWeight and nonoverWeight individuals. While there has been no consistent demonstration that, as was first thought, Weight Cycling makes subsequent Weight loss more difficult or regain more rapid, it is possible that this does occur under some conditions or in particular individuals. There are stronger and more consistent links between body Weight variability and negative health outcomes, particularly all-cause mortality and mortality from coronary heart disease. Weight Cycling may also have negative psychological and behavioral consequences; studies have reported increased risk for psychopathology, life dissatisfaction, and binge eating. The bulk of epidemiologic research shows an association of Weight variability with morbidity and mortality, although the mechanisms are not clear at present. There is a clear need for further research on the effects of Weight Cycling on behavior, metabolism, and health. Understanding and promoting Weight maintenance is an important priority. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1325-1330)
Eileen M. Handberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weight Cycling and cardiovascular outcome in women with suspected ischemia: A report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE Study.
PloS one, 2018Co-Authors: C. Noel Bairey Merz, Marian B. Olson, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Vera Bittner, Steven E. Reis, Nathaniel Reichek, Eileen M. HandbergAbstract:Background We previously reported in a cross-sectional analysis an adverse relationship between Weight Cycling and HDL-cholesterol but not angiographic obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) among women undergoing coronary angiography for suspected ischemia in the NHLBI-sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). We now examine the relationship between Weight Cycling and prospective adverse cardiovascular outcome in this group. Methods 795 women enrolled between 1996–2001 in the WISE undergoing coronary angiography for evaluation of suspected ischemia and followed for a median of 6.0 years (interquartile range = 3.4 years). Adverse outcome was defined as a composite of all-cause death, cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure. Weight Cycling was defined as the intentional loss of at least 10 lbs. (4.5 kgs.) at least three times during the women’s lifetime. Results Women (n = 224) who reported a history of Weight Cycling were younger; more often white and better educated compared those without this history. At baseline, women with a Weight Cycling history had lower HDL-C values, higher body mass index, larger waist circumferences and higher values for fasting blood sugar, but no difference in obstructive CAD prevalence or severity. There was an inverse relationship between Weight Cycling and adverse composite cardiovascular outcome, whereby fewer of women with a history of Weight Cycling experienced an adverse outcome as compared to non-cyclers (21% vs 29%, respectively, p = 0.03). Conclusions Despite an adverse association with HDL-cholesterol in women undergoing coronary angiography for suspected ischemia, Weight Cycling was associated with a lower adverse outcome rate in women with suspected ischemia.
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Weight Cycling and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in women evidence of an adverse effect a report from the nhlbi sponsored wise study
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2000Co-Authors: Marian B. Olson, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Vera Bittner, Steven E. Reis, Nathaniel Reichek, Eileen M. Handberg, Noel Bairey C MerzAbstract:Abstract OBJECTIVES We undertook an analysis of Weight Cycling, coronary risk factors and angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. BACKGROUND The effect of Weight Cycling on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity is controversial, and the impact of Weight Cycling on cardiovascular risk factors is unclear. METHODS This is a cross-sectional population study of 485 women with coronary risk factors undergoing coronary angiography for evaluation of suspected myocardial ischemia enrolled in the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Reported lifetime Weight Cycling—defined as voluntary Weight loss of at least 10 lbs at least 3 times—coronary risk factors including core laboratory determined blood lipoproteins and CAD, as determined by a core angiographic laboratory, are the main outcome measures. RESULTS Overall, 27% of women reported Weight Cycling—19% cycled 10 to 19 lbs, 6% cycled 20 to 49 lbs, and 2% cycled 50+ lbs. Reported Weight Cycling was associated with 7% lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in women (p = 0.01). The HDL-C effect was directly related to the amount of Weight cycled with women who lost ≥50 lbs/cycle having HDL-C levels 27% lower than noncyclers (p = 0.0025). This finding was independent of other HDL-C modulators, including estrogen status, physical activity level, alcohol intake, body mass index, diabetes, beta-blocker use, cigarette smoking and race. Weight Cycling was not associated with an increased prevalence of CAD in this population. CONCLUSIONS Weight Cycling is associated with lower HDL-C in women of a magnitude that is known to be associated with an increased risk of cardiac events as demonstrated in prior clinical trials.
Thomas A. Wadden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Binge eating disorder, Weight Cycling, and psychopathology.
The International journal of eating disorders, 2010Co-Authors: Robert H. Kuehnel, Thomas A. WaddenAbstract:This study examined differences among a total of 70 obese binge eaters, nonbingers, and problem eaters in depression, cognitive function, Weight- and eating-related disturbances, and Weight Cycling. Subjects diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED) scored significantly higher on depression and on several measures of cognitive dysfunction than did subjects in the other two groups. In addition, they reported significantly greater preoccupation with thinness and feelings of ineffectiveness, as well as a greater likelihood of eating in response to negative emotions. No relationship, however, was found between binge eating and Weight Cycling. Comparison of subjects identified as low- and high-Weight cyclers revealed no significant differences between these two groups on depression, cognitive dysfunction, or the majority of the other measures of Weight- and eating-related disturbance. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for treating persons with BED and/or a history of Weight Cycling.
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psychological effects of Weight Cycling in obese persons a review and research agenda
Obesity Research, 1997Co-Authors: Gary D. Foster, David B. Sarwer, Thomas A. WaddenAbstract:This review summarizes studies on the psychological effects of Weight Cycling (i.e., Weight loss and regain) in obese persons and proposes an agenda for future research on this topic. Among general psychological constructs, the current literature suggests that Weight Cycling is not associated with depression, other psychopathology, or depressogenic cognitive styles. Weight Cycling is associated with decreased perceptions of health and well-being, although the clinical significance of this relationship is uncertain. Among Weight- and eating-related constructs, Weight Cycling does not appear to be related to restraint, hunger, or personality traits associated with eating disorders. Weight Cycling, however, does appear to be associated with clinically significant reductions in eating self-efficacy and weak but consistent increases in binge eating severity. Definitive conclusions about the presence or absence of the psychological consequences of Weight Cycling are premature, given the small number of studies, as well as a variety of methodological and interpretive concerns. A new generation of research is necessary to determine the extent and nature of the psychological sequelae of Weight Cycling.
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Psychological Effects of Weight Cycling in Obese Persons: A Review and Research Agenda
Obesity research, 1997Co-Authors: Gary D. Foster, David B. Sarwer, Thomas A. WaddenAbstract:FOSTER, GARY D, DAVID B SARWER, THOMAS A WADDEN. Psychological effects of Weight Cycling in obese persons: A review and research agenda. Obes Res. 1997;5:474-488. This review summarizes studies on the psychological effects of Weight Cycling (i.e., Weight loss and regain) in obese persons and proposes an agenda for future research on this topic. Among general psychological constructs, the current literature suggests that Weight Cycling is not associated with depression, other psychopathology, or depressogenic cognitive styles. Weight Cycling is associated with decreased perceptions of health and well-being, although the clinical significance of this relationship is uncertain. Among Weight- and eating-related constructs, Weight Cycling does not appear to be related to restraint, hunger, or personality traits associated with eating disorders. Weight Cycling, however, does appear to be associated with clinically significant reductions in eating self-efficacy and weak but consistent increases in binge eating severity. Definitive conclusions about the presence or absence of the psychological consequences of Weight Cycling are premature, given the small number of studies, as well as a variety of methodological and interpretive concerns. A new generation of research is necessary to determine the extent and nature of the psychological sequelae of Weight Cycling.
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Psychosocial consequences of Weight Cycling.
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 1996Co-Authors: Susan J. Bartlett, Thomas A. Wadden, Renee A. VogtAbstract:Participants were 130 obese women with a mean age of 41.1 +/- 8.4 years and a mean Weight of 97.9 +/- 13.5 kg, who reported having undertaken a mean lifetime total of 4.7 +/- 1.2 major diets on which they had lost a mean total of 45.9 +/- 21.4 kg. Participants with a severe history of Weight Cycling had a significantly younger age of onset of their obesity than did mild cyclers and reported initiating dieting at a significantly younger age and lower Weight. No evidence, however, was found that Weight Cycling was associated with greater reports of depression or other psychopathology; nor was it associated with a significantly greater frequency of binge eating disorder. The results are discussed in terms of the need to use additional measures of psychological functioning.
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effects of Weight Cycling on the resting energy expenditure and body composition of obese women
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1996Co-Authors: Thomas A. Wadden, Gary D. Foster, Albert J Stunkard, Alicia ConillAbstract:Objective Numerous reports have suggested that cycles of Weight loss and regain (i.e., Weight Cycling) are associated with adverse health consequences, a concern that may lead some obese individuals to forgo Weight control efforts. The present study examined whether Weight Cycling was associated with a reduction in resting energy expenditure (REE) and with increases in both total and upper body fat. Method: REE, body composition, and body fat distribution were measured before and after Weight loss, and following full Weight regain, in 12 women who before treatment had a mean (±SEM) age of 38.8 ± 3.4 years and Weight of 98.0 ± 3.2 kg. Results: At the end of treatment, patients lost 18.9 ± 2.6 kg which was comprised of significant decreases in body fat and fat-free mass of 15.2 ± 2.2 and 3.7 ± 0.8 kg, respectively (both ps < .001). REE also fell during this time from 1,631 ± 82 to 1,501 ± 51 kcal/d (p < .03). All of these measures, however, returned to their baseline values when patients regained their lost Weight. Body fat distribution was unchanged throughout the study. Discussion: These results do not support claims that Weight Cycling adversely affects REE, body composition, or body fat distribution. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
James O. Hill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Weight Cycling induced by diet Cycling in rats differing in susceptibility to dietary obesity.
Obesity research, 1999Co-Authors: Joan B. Lauer, George W. Reed, James O. HillAbstract:LAUER, JOAN B., GEORGE W. REED, AND JAMES O. HILL. Effects of Weight Cycling induced by diet Cycling in rats differing in susceptibility to dietary obesity. Obes Res. Objective Although the majority of evidence in rodents does not support the view that Weight Cycling (consisting of bouts of food restriction and refeeding) promotes obesity, the effects of Weight Cycling on body Weight regulation remain controversial. We have previously demonstrated that some rats within a strain are more susceptible to develop obesity than others when given free access to a high-fat diet. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rats most susceptible to Weight gain on a high-fat diet would also be most susceptible to Weight gain as a consequence of Weight Cycling. Research Methods and Procedures Rats were provided a low-fat diet (12% corn oil) for 2 weeks, then given a high-fat diet (45% corn oil) for 2 weeks to identify those most (obesity prone) and least (obesity resistant) susceptible to Weight gain. Half of each group was then subjected to three 30-day cycles of food restriction (10 days) and refeeding (20 days) [Weight cycler (WC) rats]. The other half were allowed free access to the high-fat diet [control (CO) rats]. All rats were then followed for an additional 10 weeks, with free access to the high-fat diet. Results When considering the entire 160 days of the study, we found no evidence that WC rats relative to CO rats had increased body Weight, increased body fat content, or elevated energy efficiency. We found no evidence that rats most prone to dietary obesity were also prone to Weight gain after Weight Cycling. During the Weight Cycling phase (days 1 to 90), Weight cycled groups consumed less energy and gained less Weight than controls. During the follow-up phase, WC and CO rats did not differ significantly in Weight gain or energy intake. Discussion In this study, Weight Cycling did not exacerbate the obesity produced by high-fat diet feeding.
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Weight Cycling: a review of the animal literature.
Obesity research, 1993Co-Authors: George W. Reed, James O. HillAbstract:This review critically evaluates the animal literature concerning the effects of Weight Cycling on factors related to development of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Although human studies have been used to retrospectively examine the relationship between fluctuations in body Weight and a variety of disease markers, direct causal links between Weight Cycling and negative health effects have been inferred from a series of scientific publications using animals as subjects. We use data from 24 such publications to evaluate evidence for and against a series of hypotheses that have been suggested regarding Weight Cycling and health. Although there are some intriguing results, there is currently little evidence to support any of these hypotheses. However, methodological limitations were identified in many of these studies, and caution should be used in making definitive decisions about Weight Cycling. Weight Cycling studies could be improved by including more appropriate controls, comparing controls to Weight Cycling animals at more appropriate time points, and giving more attention to potential effects of diet composition. While more careful research is needed, at this time we conclude that the published animal literature does not justify any warnings about the hazards of Weight Cycling.
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Effects of Weight Cycling in rats allowed a choice of diet
American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 1993Co-Authors: George W. Reed, F. Yakubu, G. Cox, L. Ding, James O. HillAbstract:We examined the effects of Weight Cycling, produced by bouts of Weight loss and regain, on body Weight, body composition, dietary fat intake, and energy efficiency. Three groups of adult female Wistar rats were followed for 116 days: control rats (n = 10) were allowed ad libitum access to three mixed diets with protein as a constant proportion of energy and fat provided at 10, 30, and 50% of energy; cycled rats (n = 10) had four bouts of food restriction (50% of baseline intake for 10 days) and refeeding (18-20 days of ad libitum access to the 3 mixed diets); maturity controls (n = 10) were treated identically to controls during the first two cycles and identical to cyclers during the final two Weight cycles. At the end of the experiment, we could identify no negative effects of Weight Cycling on any of the measures taken, and in fact body Weight and percentage body fat were lower in cyclers than controls. Dietary fat intake was not altered by Weight Cycling. In summary, Weight Cycling did not promote body Weight or body fat gain.
