The Experts below are selected from a list of 42633 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Carlos M Grilo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • replication of a modified factor structure for the Eating Disorder examination questionnaire extension to clinical Eating Disorder and non clinical samples in portugal
    2018
    Co-Authors: Paulo P P Machado, Carlos M Grilo, Ross D Crosby
    Abstract:

    Psychometric investigations of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) have generally not supported the original scale structure. The present study tested an alternative brief factor structure in two large Portuguese samples: (1) a non-clinical sample of N = 4117 female students and (2) a treatment-seeking sample of N = 609 patients diagnosed with Eating Disorders. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a poor fit for the original EDE-Q structure in both the non-clinical and the clinical samples but revealed a good fit for the alternative 7-item 3-factor structure (dietary restraint, shape/weight overvaluation and body dissatisfaction). Factor loadings were invariant across samples and across the different specific Eating Disorder diagnoses in the clinical sample. These confirmatory factor analysis findings, which replicate findings from studies with diverse predominately overweight/obese samples, supported a modified 7-item, 3-factor structure for the EDE-Q. The reliable findings across different non-clinical and clinical Eating Disorder groups provide confidence regarding the potential utility of this brief version. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

  • Fathers and mothers with Eating-Disorder psychopathology: Associations with child Eating-Disorder behaviors.
    2016
    Co-Authors: Janet A. Lydecker, Carlos M Grilo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective A limited literature suggests an association between maternal Eating Disorders and child feeding difficulties, and notes maternal concern about inadvertently transmitting Eating Disorders. Thus, parents may be an important target for Eating-Disorder research to guide the development of clinical programs. Methods The current study examined differences in child Eating-Disorder behaviors and parental feeding practices between a sample of parents (42 fathers, 130 mothers) exhibiting core features of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-Eating Disorder, or purging Disorder, and a matched sample of parents ( n  = 172) reporting no Eating-Disorder characteristics. Results Parents with Eating-Disorder psychopathology were significantly more likely than parents without Eating-Disorder characteristics to report child binge-Eating and compulsive exercise. Parents with Eating-Disorder psychopathology reported greater perceived feeding responsibility, greater concern about their child's weight, and more monitoring of their child's Eating than parents without Eating-Disorder characteristics; however, they did not differ significantly in restriction of their child's diet and pressure-to-eat. Child body mass index z -scores did not differ between parents with versus without Eating-Disorder characteristics. Conclusion Our findings suggest some important differences between parents with and without core Eating-Disorder psychopathology, which could augment clinical interventions for patients with Eating Disorders who are parents, or could guide pediatric Eating-Disorder prevention efforts. However, because our study was cross-sectional, findings could indicate increased awareness of or sensitivity to Eating-Disorder behaviors rather than a psychosocial cause of those behaviors. Longitudinal research and controlled trials examining prevention and intervention can clarify and address these clinical concerns.

  • examining the relationship between food thought suppression and binge Eating Disorder
    2013
    Co-Authors: Rachel D Barnes, Robin M Masheb, Marney A White, Carlos M Grilo
    Abstract:

    Food thought suppression, or purposely attempting to avoid thoughts of food, is related to a number of unwanted Eating- and weight-related consequences, particularly in dieting and obese individuals. Little is known about the possible significance of food thought suppression in clinical samples, particularly obese patients who binge eat. This study examined food thought suppression in 150 obese patients seeking treatment for binge Eating Disorder (BED). Food thought suppression was not associated with binge Eating frequency or body mass index but was significantly associated with higher current levels of Eating Disorder psychopathology and variables pertaining to obesity, dieting, and binge Eating.

  • social anxiety and self consciousness in binge Eating Disorder associations with Eating Disorder psychopathology
    2012
    Co-Authors: Takuya Sawaoka, Robin M Masheb, Rachel D Barnes, Kerstin K Blomquist, Carlos M Grilo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective Research has consistently shown that anxiety Disorders are common among individuals with Eating Disorders. Although social phobia has been found to be highly associated with Eating Disorders, less is known about social anxiety in individuals with binge Eating Disorder (BED). The present study examined associations between social anxiety and self-consciousness with body mass index (BMI) and Eating Disorder psychopathology in BED. Methods Participants were 113 overweight or obese treatment-seeking men and women with BED. Participants were administered semistructural diagnostic clinical interviews and completed a battery of self-report measures. Results Social anxiety was positively and significantly correlated with shape and weight concerns and binge Eating frequency. After accounting for depressive levels, social anxiety and self-consciousness accounted for significant variance in Eating, shape, and weight concerns and overall Eating Disorder global severity scores (Eating Disorder Examination). Social anxiety also accounted for significant variance in binge Eating frequency after covarying for depressive levels. Social anxiety and self-consciousness were not significantly associated with BMI or dietary restraint. Discussion Our findings suggest that greater social anxiety and heightened self-consciousness are associated with greater Eating Disorder psychopathology, most notably with greater shape and weight concerns and binge Eating frequency in patients with BED. Social anxiety and self-consciousness do not appear to be merely functions of excess weight, and future research should examine whether they contribute to the maintenance of binge Eating and associated Eating Disorder psychopathology.

  • factor structure of the Eating Disorder examination interview in patients with binge Eating Disorder
    2010
    Co-Authors: Carlos M Grilo, Scott J Crow, Ross D Crosby, Stephen A. Wonderlich, Marney A White, Robin M Masheb, Carol B Peterson, James E Mitchell
    Abstract:

    Despite the widespread use of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) as a primary assessment instrument in studies of Eating and weight Disorders, little is known about the psychometric aspects of this interview measure. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure of the EDE interview in a large series of patients with binge-Eating Disorder (BED). Participants were 688 treatment-seeking patients with BED who were reliably administered the EDE interview by trained research clinicians at three research centers. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) performed on EDE interview data from a random split-half of the study group suggested a brief 7-item 3-factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) performed on the second randomly selected half of the study group supported this brief 3-factor structure of the EDE interview. The three factors were interpreted as Dietary Restraint, Shape/Weight Overvaluation, and Body Dissatisfaction. In this series of patients with BED, factor analysis of the EDE interview did not replicate the original subscales but revealed an alternative factor structure. Future research must further evaluate the psychometric properties, including the factor structure, of the EDE interview in this and other Eating-Disordered groups. The implications of these factor analytic findings for understanding and assessing the specific psychopathology of patients with BED are discussed.

Denise E. Wilfley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • rapid response in psychological treatments for binge Eating Disorder
    2015
    Co-Authors: Anja Hilbert, Denise E. Wilfley, Stewart W Agras, Tom Hildebrandt, Terence G Wilson
    Abstract:

    Binge-Eating Disorder (BED), characterized by recurrent binge-Eating that occurs in the absence of regular compensatory behaviors (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), is associated with increased Eating Disorder and general psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, overweight and obesity, and impaired quality of life. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are considered standard specialty treatments for BED (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies [AWMF], 2011), leading to large and long-lasting improvements of binge-Eating and associated psychopathology (Hilbert et al., 2012), while behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment yields only moderate effects (Vocks et al., 2010). A recent randomized clinical study showed that both IPT and CBT in guided self-help format (CBTgsh) produced greater improvement of binge-Eating over a two-year follow-up than BWL (Wilson, Wilfley, Agras, & Bryson, 2010). While patients with low psychopathology were as well-suited to CBTgsh as IPT, those with high psychopathology improved more with IPT. Rapid response during the first weeks of treatment is presumably the most well-established predictor of treatment outcome of BED. Rapid response, typically defined as a 65–70% reduction in binge-Eating over the first four weeks of treatment, predicted greater remission from binge-Eating across various treatment approaches for binge-Eating and obesity (e.g., CBT, CBTgsh, BWL, BWLgsh, dialectical behavior therapy [DBT]), with some evidence of stable effects up to one year post-treatment (Grilo, Masheb, & Wilson, 2006; Grilo & Masheb, 2007; Grilo, White, Wilson, Gueorguieva, & Masheb, 2012; Masheb & Grilo, 2007; Safer & Joyce, 2011; Zunker et al., 2010). Effects of rapid response on global Eating Disorder psychopathology were documented as well (Grilo et al., 2012; Masheb & Grilo, 2007). However, for specialist CBT only, rapid response did not predict these outcomes (Grilo et al., 2012). This study sought to examine the prognostic significance of rapid response for the two core clinical features of BED, binge-Eating remission and Eating Disorder psychopathology over a longer, two-year period in a large randomized trial of CBTgsh, BWL, and for the first time, IPT. It was hypothesized that rapid responders would show a better outcome than non-rapid responders in CBTgsh and BWL, but not in IPT (analogous to specialist CBT); and that rapid responders in CBTgsh, and both rapid and non-rapid responders in IPT, would fare better than non-rapid responders in CBTgsh and patients in BWL.

  • psychological treatments for binge Eating Disorder
    2012
    Co-Authors: Juliette M Iacovino, Danuta M Gredysa, Myra Altman, Denise E. Wilfley
    Abstract:

    Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the most prevalent Eating Disorder in adults, and individuals with BED report greater general and specific psychopathology than non-Eating Disordered individuals. The current paper reviews research on psychological treatments for BED, including the rationale and empirical support for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), behavioral weight loss (BWL), and other treatments warranting further study. Research supports the effectiveness of CBT and IPT for the treatment of BED, particularly for those with higher Eating Disorder and general psychopathology. Guided self-help CBT has shown efficacy for BED without additional pathology. DBT has shown some promise as a treatment for BED, but requires further study to determine its long-term efficacy. Predictors and moderators of treatment response, such as weight and shape concerns, are highlighted and a stepped-care model proposed. Future directions include expanding the adoption of efficacious treatments in clinical practice, testing adapted treatments in diverse samples (e.g., minorities and youth), improving treatment outcomes for nonresponders, and developing efficient and cost-effective stepped-care models.

  • long term efficacy of psychological treatments for binge Eating Disorder
    2012
    Co-Authors: Anja Hilbert, Monica Bishop, Richard I Stein, Marian Tanofskykraff, Anne K Swenson, Robinson R Welch, Denise E. Wilfley
    Abstract:

    Background The long-term efficacy of psychological treatments for binge Eating Disorder remains largely unknown. Aims To examine the long-term efficacy of out-patient group cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for binge Eating Disorder and to analyse predictors of long-term non-response. Method Ninety people with binge Eating Disorder were assessed 4 years after treatment cessation within a randomised trial (trial registration: [NCT01208272][1]). Results Participants showed substantial long-term recovery, partial remission, clinically significant improvement and significant reductions in associated psychopathology, despite relapse tendencies in single secondary outcomes. Body mass index remained stable. While the IPT group demonstrated an improvement in Eating Disorder symptoms over the follow-up period, the CBT group reported a worsening of symptoms, but treatments did not differ at any time point. Conclusions The results document the long-term efficacy of out-patient CBT and IPT for binge Eating Disorder. Further research is warranted to elucidate the time course and mechanisms of change of these treatments for binge Eating Disorder. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01208272&atom=%2Fbjprcpsych%2Fearly%2F2012%2F01%2F18%2Fbjp.bp.110.089664.atom

  • psychological treatments of binge Eating Disorder
    2010
    Co-Authors: Terence G Wilson, Denise E. Wilfley, Stewart W Agras, Susan W Bryson
    Abstract:

    Context Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an effective specialty treatment for binge Eating Disorder (BED). Behavioral weight loss treatment (BWL) and guided self-help based on cognitive behavior therapy (CBTgsh) have both resulted in short-term reductions in binge Eating in obese patients with BED. Objective To test whether patients with BED require specialty therapy beyond BWL and whether IPT is more effective than either BWL or CBTgsh in patients with a high negative affect during a 2-year follow-up. Design Randomized, active control efficacy trial. Setting University outpatient clinics. Participants Two hundred five women and men with a body mass index between 27 and 45 who met DSM-IV criteria for BED. Intervention Twenty sessions of IPT or BWL or 10 sessions of CBTgsh during 6 months. Main Outcome Measures Binge Eating assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination. Results At 2-year follow-up, both IPT and CBTgsh resulted in greater remission from binge Eating than BWL ( P P P Conclusions Interpersonal psychotherapy and CBTgsh are significantly more effective than BWL in eliminating binge Eating after 2 years. Guided self-help based on cognitive behavior therapy is a first-line treatment option for most patients with BED, with IPT (or full cognitive behavior therapy) used for patients with low self-esteem and high Eating Disorder psychopathology. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00060762

  • a comparison of the binge Eating scale questionnaire for Eating and weight patterns revised and Eating Disorder examination questionnaire with instructions with the Eating Disorder examination in the assessment of binge Eating Disorder and its symptoms
    2004
    Co-Authors: Angela A Celio, James E Mitchell, Denise E. Wilfley, Scott J Crow, Timothy B Walsh
    Abstract:

    Objective The current study assesses concordance between self-administered measures and a diagnostic standard for assessment of binge frequency and diagnosis of binge Eating Disorder (BED) in a sample of binge eaters. Method The Questionnaire for Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R), Binge Eating Scale (BES), two items from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire with Instructions (EDE-Q-I), and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) were administered. Participants were 157 adults volunteering for a clinical study, of whom 129 (79%) were diagnosed with BED using the EDE as the diagnostic standard. Results In the identification of BED, the QEWP-R yielded a sensitivity value of .74 and a specificity value of .35. The BES yielded a sensitivity value of .85 and a specificity value of .20. Frequency of binge Eating days and episodes on the EDE-Q-I correlated highly with the EDE (.65 and .48, respectively; p < .001). Discussion The accuracy of diagnosis and symptomatology among self-administered questionnaires is variable. The BES and the QEWP-R performed satisfactorily as initial screens for the diagnosis of BED, but were less accurate in identifying non-BED individuals and the frequency of binge Eating. The EDE-Q-I most accurately assessed the frequency of binge Eating. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 434–444, 2004.

Terence G Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • rapid response in psychological treatments for binge Eating Disorder
    2015
    Co-Authors: Anja Hilbert, Denise E. Wilfley, Stewart W Agras, Tom Hildebrandt, Terence G Wilson
    Abstract:

    Binge-Eating Disorder (BED), characterized by recurrent binge-Eating that occurs in the absence of regular compensatory behaviors (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), is associated with increased Eating Disorder and general psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, overweight and obesity, and impaired quality of life. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are considered standard specialty treatments for BED (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies [AWMF], 2011), leading to large and long-lasting improvements of binge-Eating and associated psychopathology (Hilbert et al., 2012), while behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment yields only moderate effects (Vocks et al., 2010). A recent randomized clinical study showed that both IPT and CBT in guided self-help format (CBTgsh) produced greater improvement of binge-Eating over a two-year follow-up than BWL (Wilson, Wilfley, Agras, & Bryson, 2010). While patients with low psychopathology were as well-suited to CBTgsh as IPT, those with high psychopathology improved more with IPT. Rapid response during the first weeks of treatment is presumably the most well-established predictor of treatment outcome of BED. Rapid response, typically defined as a 65–70% reduction in binge-Eating over the first four weeks of treatment, predicted greater remission from binge-Eating across various treatment approaches for binge-Eating and obesity (e.g., CBT, CBTgsh, BWL, BWLgsh, dialectical behavior therapy [DBT]), with some evidence of stable effects up to one year post-treatment (Grilo, Masheb, & Wilson, 2006; Grilo & Masheb, 2007; Grilo, White, Wilson, Gueorguieva, & Masheb, 2012; Masheb & Grilo, 2007; Safer & Joyce, 2011; Zunker et al., 2010). Effects of rapid response on global Eating Disorder psychopathology were documented as well (Grilo et al., 2012; Masheb & Grilo, 2007). However, for specialist CBT only, rapid response did not predict these outcomes (Grilo et al., 2012). This study sought to examine the prognostic significance of rapid response for the two core clinical features of BED, binge-Eating remission and Eating Disorder psychopathology over a longer, two-year period in a large randomized trial of CBTgsh, BWL, and for the first time, IPT. It was hypothesized that rapid responders would show a better outcome than non-rapid responders in CBTgsh and BWL, but not in IPT (analogous to specialist CBT); and that rapid responders in CBTgsh, and both rapid and non-rapid responders in IPT, would fare better than non-rapid responders in CBTgsh and patients in BWL.

  • psychological treatments of binge Eating Disorder
    2010
    Co-Authors: Terence G Wilson, Denise E. Wilfley, Stewart W Agras, Susan W Bryson
    Abstract:

    Context Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an effective specialty treatment for binge Eating Disorder (BED). Behavioral weight loss treatment (BWL) and guided self-help based on cognitive behavior therapy (CBTgsh) have both resulted in short-term reductions in binge Eating in obese patients with BED. Objective To test whether patients with BED require specialty therapy beyond BWL and whether IPT is more effective than either BWL or CBTgsh in patients with a high negative affect during a 2-year follow-up. Design Randomized, active control efficacy trial. Setting University outpatient clinics. Participants Two hundred five women and men with a body mass index between 27 and 45 who met DSM-IV criteria for BED. Intervention Twenty sessions of IPT or BWL or 10 sessions of CBTgsh during 6 months. Main Outcome Measures Binge Eating assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination. Results At 2-year follow-up, both IPT and CBTgsh resulted in greater remission from binge Eating than BWL ( P P P Conclusions Interpersonal psychotherapy and CBTgsh are significantly more effective than BWL in eliminating binge Eating after 2 years. Guided self-help based on cognitive behavior therapy is a first-line treatment option for most patients with BED, with IPT (or full cognitive behavior therapy) used for patients with low self-esteem and high Eating Disorder psychopathology. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00060762

  • gender difference in the prevalence of Eating Disorder symptoms
    2009
    Co-Authors: Ruth H Striegelmoore, Terence G Wilson, Francine Rosselli, Nancy Perrin, Lynn Debar, Alexis M May, Helena C Kraemer
    Abstract:

    Objective—This study examined gender differences in prevalence of Eating Disorder symptoms including body image concerns (body checking or avoidance), binge Eating, and inappropriate compensatory behaviors. Method—A random sample of members (ages 18 to 35) of a health maintenance organization was recruited to complete a survey by mail or on-line. Items were drawn from the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Body Shape Questionnaire. Results—Among the 3,714 women and 1,808 men who responded, men were more likely to report overEating whereas women were more likely to endorse loss of control while Eating. Although statistically significant gender differences were observe, with women significantly more likely than men to report body checking and avoidance, binge Eating, fasting, and vomiting, effect sizes (“Number Needed to Treat”) were small to moderate. Conclusions—Few studies of Eating Disorders include men, yet our findings suggest that a substantial minority of men also report Eating Disorder symptoms.

  • rapid response to treatment for binge Eating Disorder
    2006
    Co-Authors: Carlos M Grilo, Robin M Masheb, Terence G Wilson
    Abstract:

    The authors examined rapid response among 108 patients with binge Eating Disorder (BED) who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 16-week treatments: fluoxetine, placebo, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) plus fluoxetine, or CBT plus placebo. Rapid response, defined as 65% or greater reduction in binge Eating by the 4th treatment week, was determined by receiver operating characteristic curves. Rapid response characterized 44% of participants and was unrelated to participants' demographic or baseline characteristics. Participants with rapid response were more likely to achieve binge-Eating remission, had greater improvements in Eating-Disorder psychopathology, and had greater weight loss than participants without rapid response. Rapid response had different prognostic significance and distinct time courses for CBT versus pharmacotherapy-only treatments. Rapid response has utility for predicting outcomes and provides evidence for specificity of treatment effects with BED.

  • the clinical significance of binge Eating Disorder
    2003
    Co-Authors: Denise E. Wilfley, Terence G Wilson, Stewart W Agras
    Abstract:

    Objective Current controversy exists regarding the status of binge Eating Disorder (BED) as a diagnostic entity. A critique of the literature is provided to address the question of whether BED represents a clinically significant syndrome. Method The scientific evidence is considered through addressing five questions that are key in evaluating the clinical utility of any mental Disorder. Results Individuals with BED meaningfully differ from individuals without Eating Disorders, and share important similarities to, yet are distinct from, individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). BED is associated with co-occurring physical and mental illnesses, as well as impaired quality of life and social functioning. Questions about the course of the Disorder and the optimal treatment regimen for the syndrome need to be explored further. Discussion BED's distinctive combination of core Eating Disorder psychopathology, and other co-occurring physical and psychiatric conditions, impaired psychosocial functioning, and overweight constitute an Eating Disorder of clinical severity and a significant public health problem. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: S96–S106, 2003.

Christopher G. Fairburn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the severity and status of Eating Disorder nos implications for dsm v
    2007
    Co-Authors: Christopher G. Fairburn, Zafra Cooper, Marianne E Oconnor, Kristin Bohn, Helen A Doll, Robert L Palmer
    Abstract:

    “Eating Disorder NOS” is the most common Eating Disorder encountered in outpatient settings yet it has been neglected. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of Eating Disorder NOS, establish its severity, and determine whether its high relative prevalence might be due to the inclusion of cases closely resembling anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. One hundred and seventy consecutive patients with an Eating Disorder were assessed using standardised instruments. Operational DSM-IV diagnoses were made and Eating Disorder NOS cases were compared with bulimia nervosa cases. Diagnostic criteria were then adjusted to determine the impact on the prevalence of Eating Disorder NOS. Cases of Eating Disorder NOS comprised 60.0% of the sample. These cases closely resembled the cases of bulimia nervosa in the nature, duration and severity of their psychopathology. Few could be reclassified as cases of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. The findings indicate that Eating Disorder NOS is common, severe and persistent. Most cases are “mixed” in character and not subthreshold forms of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. It is proposed that in DSM-V the clinical state (or states) currently embraced by the diagnosis Eating Disorder NOS be reclassified as one or more specific forms of Eating Disorder.

  • instability of Eating Disorder diagnoses prospective study
    2005
    Co-Authors: Gabriella Milos, Anja Spindler, Ulrich Schnyder, Christopher G. Fairburn
    Abstract:

    Background The stability of Eating Disorder diagnoses has received little research attention. Aims To examine the course of the full range of clinical Eating Disorders. Method A sample of 192 women with a current DSM–IV Eating Disorder (55 with anorexia nervosa,108 with bulimia nervosa and 29 with Eating Disorder not otherwise specified) were assessed three timesover 30 months using a standardised interview. Results Although the overarching category of ‘Eating Disorder’ was relatively stable, the stability of the three specific Eating Disorder diagnoses waslow, with just a third of participants retaining their original diagnosis. This was due onlyin part to remission since the remission rate was low across all three diagnoses. Conclusions There is considerable diagnostic flux within the Eating Disorders but a low overall remission rate. This suggests that underpinning their psychopathology may be common biological and psychological causal and maintaining processes.

  • Eating Disorder nos ednos an example of the troublesome not otherwise specified nos category in dsm iv
    2005
    Co-Authors: Christopher G. Fairburn, Kristin Bohn
    Abstract:

    The “Not Otherwise Specified” (NOS) category within DSM-IV is designed for Disorders of clinical severity that are not specified within broad diagnostic classes. “NOS” diagnoses are intended to be residual categories and they tend to be neglected by researchers. This can be inappropriate. The problems associated with certain NOS diagnoses are well illustrated by “Eating Disorder NOS” (sometimes termed EDNOS), which is the most common category of Eating Disorder encountered in routine clinical practice yet it has barely been studied. Indeed, there has been no research on its treatment. Interim and longer-term conceptual and practical solutions to the anomalous status of Eating Disorder NOS are proposed including the creation of a new diagnosis termed “mixed Eating Disorder”. Several of these solutions are of relevance to NOS categories in general. All the solutions should fulfil criteria for clinical utility.

  • binge Eating Disorder in extreme obesity
    2002
    Co-Authors: L K G Hsu, Christopher G. Fairburn, B Mulliken, B Mcdonagh, Krupa S Das, William M Rand, Barbara J Rolls, Megan A Mccrory, Edward Saltzman, Scott A Shikora
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To determine whether extremely obese binge Eating Disorder (BED) subjects (BED defined by the Eating Disorder Examination) differ from their extremely obese non-BED counterparts in terms of their Eating disturbances, psychiatric morbidity and health status. DESIGN: Prospective clinical comparison of BED and non-BED subjects undergoing gastric bypass surgery (GBP). SUBJECTS: Thirty seven extremely obese (defined as BMI ≥40 kg/m2) subjects (31 women, six men), aged 22–58 y. MEASUREMENTS: Eating Disorder Examination 12th Edition (EDE), Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (SCID-IV), Short-Form Health Status Survey (SF-36), and 24 h Feeding Paradigm. RESULTS: Twenty-five percent of subjects were classified as BED (11% met full and 14% partial BED criteria) and 75% of subjects were classified as non-BED. BED (full and partial) subjects had higher Eating disturbance in terms of Eating concern and shape concern (as found by the EDE), higher disinhibition (as found by the TFEQ), and they consumed more liquid meal during the 24 h feeding paradigm. No difference was found in psychiatric morbidity between BED and non-BED in terms of DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis. The health status scores of both BED and non-BED subjects were significantly lower than US norms on all subscales of the SF-36, particularly the BED group. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the validity of the category of BED within a population of extremely obese individuals before undergoing GBP. BED subjects differed from their non-BED counterparts in that they had a greater disturbance in Eating attitudes and behavior, a poorer physical and mental health status, and a suggestion of impaired hunger/satiety control. However, in this population of extremely obese subjects, the stability of BED warrants further study.

  • the natural course of bulimia nervosa and binge Eating Disorder in young women
    2000
    Co-Authors: Christopher G. Fairburn, Zafra Cooper, Helen Doll, Patricia A Norman, Marianne E Oconnor
    Abstract:

    Background: Little is known about the relative course and outcome of bulimia nervosa and binge Eating Disorder. Methods: Two community-based cohorts were studied prospectively over a 5-year year period. One comprised 102 participants with bulimia nervosa and the other 48 participants with binge Eating Disorder (21% [9/42] of whom had comorbid obesity). All participants were female and aged between 16 and 35 years at recruitment. The assessments were at 15-month intervals and addressed Eating Disorder features, general psychiatric symptoms, and social functioning. Results: Both cohorts showed marked initial improvement followed by gradual improvement thereafter. Between half and two thirds of the bulimia nervosa cohort had some form of Eating Disorder of clinical severity at each assessment point, although only a minority continued to meet diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa. Each year about a third remitted and a third relapsed. The outcome of the binge Eating Disorder cohort was better, with the proportion with any form of clinical Eating Disorder declining to 18% (7 of 40) by the 5-year follow-up. The relapse rate was low among this cohort. There was little movement of participants across the 2 diagnostic categories and few sought treatment. Both groups gained weight, with 39% of the binge Eating Disorder cohort (14 of 36) meeting criteria for obesity at 5-year follow-up. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, among young women in the community, bulimia nervosa and binge Eating Disorder have a different course and outcome. Whereas the prognosis of those with bulimia nervosa was relatively poor, the great majority of those with binge Eating Disorder recovered. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:659-665

Eric Stice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Eating Disorder prevention current evidence base and future directions
    2013
    Co-Authors: Eric Stice, Carolyn Black Becker, Sonja Yokum
    Abstract:

    Objective: This narrative review sought to (a) characterize prevention programs that have produced reliable, reproducible, and clinically meaningful effects in efficacy trials, (b) discuss effectiveness trials that have tested whether prevention programs produce intervention effects under ecologically valid real-world conditions, (c) discuss dissemination efforts and research on dissemination, and (d) offer suggestions regarding directions for future research in this field. Conclusion: A literature revealed that 6 prevention programs have produced significant reductions in Eating Disorder symptoms through at least 6-month follow-up and that 2 have significantly reduced future Eating Disorder onset. Effectiveness trials indicate that 2 prevention programs have produced effects under ecologically valid conditions that are only slightly attenuated. Although there have been few dissemination efforts, evidence suggests that a community participatory approach is most effective. Lastly, it would be useful to develop programs that produce larger and more persistent reductions in Eating Disorder symptoms and Eating Disorder onset, focus more on effectiveness trials that confirm that prevention programs produce clinically meaningful effects under real-world conditions, conduct meditational, mechanisms of action, and moderator research that provides stronger support for the intervention theory of prevention programs, and investigate the optimal methods of disseminating and implementing evidence-based prevention programs. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:478–485)

  • effect of a dissonance based prevention program on risk for Eating Disorder onset in the context of Eating Disorder risk factors
    2012
    Co-Authors: Eric Stice, Paul Rohde, Jeff M Gau, Heather Shaw
    Abstract:

    Test (a) whether a dissonance-based Eating Disorder prevention program that reduces thin-ideal internalization mitigates the effects of risk factors for Eating Disorder onset and (b) whether the risk factors moderate the effects of this intervention on risk for Eating Disorder onset, to place the effects of this intervention within the context of established risk factors. Female adolescents (N = 481) with body image concerns were randomized to the dissonance-based program, healthy weight control program, expressive writing control condition, or assessment-only control condition. Denial of costs of pursuing the thin-ideal was the most potent risk factor for Eating Disorder onset during the 3-year follow-up (OR = 5.0). The dissonance program mitigated the effect of this risk factor. For participants who did not deny costs of pursuing the thin-ideal, emotional Eating and externalizing symptoms increased risk for Eating Disorder onset. Negative affect attenuated the effects of each of the active interventions in this trial. Results imply that this brief prevention program offsets the risk conveyed by the most potent risk factor for Eating Disorder onset in this sample, implicate three vulnerability pathways to Eating pathology involving thin-ideal pursuit, emotional Eating, and externalizing symptoms, and suggest that negative affect mitigates the effects of Eating Disorder prevention programs.

  • impulsivity as a risk factor for Eating Disorder behavior assessment implications with adolescents
    2004
    Co-Authors: Stephen A. Wonderlich, Kevin Connolly, Eric Stice
    Abstract:

    Objective The aims of the current study were to determine if impulsivity serves as a risk factor for Eating Disorder behavior and to examine whether different risk outcomes are obtained depending on the assessment strategy used to measure impulsivity. Method Three independent studies are reported, each of which examined the relationship of impulsivity and Eating Disorder behavior in a prospective longitudinal design with adolescent subjects recruited from both public and private schools. Individuals displaying Eating Disorder behavior at initial assessments were not included in the analyses, to ensure that we were testing the role of impulsivity in the onset of Eating Disorder behavior. Results Trait impulsivity, measured with traditional personality scales, failed to predict the onset of Eating Disorder behavior in all three studies. However, when behavioral constructs associated with impulsivity, such as delinquency or substance abuse, were examined, they significantly predicted the onset of Eating Disorder behavior in most of the analyses conducted. Discussion These results provide moderate support for the idea that impulsivity serves as a risk factor for the onset of Eating Disorder behavior. However, this is only true when more objective behavioral measures were utilized. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 36: 172–182, 2004.

  • Eating Disorder diagnostic scale additional evidence of reliability and validity
    2004
    Co-Authors: Eric Stice, Melissa E Fisher, Erin Martinez
    Abstract:

    The authors conducted 4 studies investigating the reliability and validity of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS; E. Stice, C. F. Telch, & S. L. Rizvi, 2000), a brief self-report measure for diagnosing anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge Eating Disorder. Study 1 found that the EDDS showed criterion validity with interview-based diagnoses, convergent validity with risk factors for Eating pathology, and internal consistency. Studies 2 and 3 found that the EDDS was sufficiently sensitive to detect the effects of Eating Disorder prevention programs. Regarding predictive validity, Studies 3 and 4 found that the EDDS predicted response to a prevention program and future onset of Eating pathology and depression. Results provide additional evidence of the reliability and validity of this scale and suggest it may be useful in clinical and research applications. Eating Disorders are a common psychiatric problem faced by adolescent girls and young women and are marked by chronicity, relapse, and functional impairment (Fairburn, Cooper, Doll, Norman, & O’Connor, 2000; Lewinsohn, Striegel-Moore, & Seeley, 2000). Eating Disorders are also associated with serious medical

  • development and validation of the Eating Disorder diagnostic scale a brief self report measure of anorexia bulimia and binge Eating Disorder
    2000
    Co-Authors: Eric Stice, Christy F Telch, Shireen L Rizvi
    Abstract:

    This article describes the development and validation of a brief self-report scale for diagnosing anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-Eating Disorder. Study 1 used a panel of Eating-Disorder experts and provided evidence for the content validity of this scale. Study 2 used data from female participants with and without Eating Disorders (N = 367) and suggested that the diagnoses from this scale possessed temporal reliability (mean K = .80) and criterion validity (with interview diagnoses; mean K = .83). In support of convergent validity, individuals with Eating Disorders identified by this scale showed elevations on validated measures of Eating disturbances. The overall symptom composite also showed test-retest reliability (r = ,87), internal consistency (mean a = .89), and convergent validity with extant Eating-pathology scales. Results implied that this scale was reliable and valid in this investigation and that it may be useful for clinical and research applications. It has been estimated that 10% of female individuals in western countries will suffer from a diagnosable Eating Disorder (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994), making it one of the more prevalent psychiatric problems faced by women. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by (a) extreme emaciation; (b) intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat despite a low body weight; (c) disturbed perception of weight and shape, an undue influence of weight or shape on self-evaluation, or a denial of the seriousness of the low body weight; and (d) amenorrhea (APA, 1994). This Disorder has a lifetime prevalence of almost 1% among females, is refractory to treatment, shows a chronic course, results in serious medical complications, and is associated with psychiatric comorbidity such as mood, anxiety, and personality Disorders (Wilson, Heffernan, & Black, 1996). Bulimia nervosa involves (a) recurrent episodes of uncontrollable consumption of large amounts of food, (b) compensatory