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Gulum Sumnu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhancement of storage stability of Wheat Germ Oil by encapsulation
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Meltem Karadeniz, Serpil Sahin, Gulum SumnuAbstract:Wheat Germ Oil which is a rich source of α-tocopherol is susceptible to oxidation. The main objective of this study was to encapsulate Wheat Germ Oil to enhance its oxidation stability. It was also aimed to investigate the effects of different homogenization methods on physicochemical properties and storage stability of encapsulated Wheat Germ Oil. As homogenization methods, silent crusher (SC), microfluidization (MF) and ultrasonication (US) were used. SC and MF techniques created more stable emulsions than US. The effects of maltodextrin (MD) in combination with sodium caseinate (NaCa), gum arabic (GA), chitosan (CS) or whey protein concentrate (WPC) and also WPC:CS combination at different ratios on encapsulation efficiency of capsules were studied. Sodium caseinate (NaCa) was found to be better coating material than chitosan (CS), whey protein concentrate (WPC) and gum arabic (GA) for the encapsulation of Wheat Germ Oil in terms of encapsulation efficiency. The rate of increase in totox values of fresh Oil was apparently higher than that of microcapsules. The loss of α-tocopherol in encapsulated Oil was found to be lower than that in fresh Oil during storage at both 15 °C and 45 °C for 24 days.
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Microencapsulation of Wheat Germ Oil
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Basak Yazicioglu, Serpil Sahin, Gulum SumnuAbstract:Wheat Germ Oil (WGO) is beneficial for health since it is a rich source of omega-3, omega-6 and tocopherol. However, as it contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, it is prone to oxidation. The aim of this study was to encapsulate Wheat Germ Oil and determine the effects of core to coating ratio, coating materials ratio and ultrasonication time on particle size distribution of emulsions and encapsulation efficiency (EE) and surface morphology of capsules. Maltodextrin (MD) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) at different ratios (3:1, 2:2, 1:3) were used as coating materials. Total solid content of samples was 40 % (w/w). Five core to coating ratios (1:8, 1:4, 1:2, 3:4, 1:1) were tried. Ultrasound was used at 320 W and 20 kHz for 2, 5, 10 min to obtain emulsions. Then, emulsions were freeze dried to obtain microcapsules. It was observed that, increasing WPC ratio in the coating resulted in higher encapsulation efficiency and smaller particle size. Microcapsules prepared with MD:WPC ratio of 1:3 were found to have higher EE (74.35–89.62 %). Increase in Oil load led to decrease in EE. Thus 1:8 core to coating ratio gave better results. Increasing ultrasonication time also had a positive effect on encapsulation efficiency.
Hamida Hamdi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The preventive role of Wheat Germ Oil against sertraline‐induced testicular damage in male albino rats
Andrologia, 2019Co-Authors: Hamida HamdiAbstract:Sertraline is an antidepressant medication used extensively in the therapy of depression. The present investigation was intended to estimate the actual protective role of Wheat Germ Oil on sertraline-caused testicular injury in albino rats. Sertraline (human therapeutic dose, 15.63 mg/kg) was orally administrated to rats for 28 successive days. Sertraline-administered rats were concurrently supplemented with Wheat Germ Oil (human therapeutic dose, 68.75 mg/kg) for 28 successive days. Sertraline administration induced an elevation in testicular DNA damage and acute testicular damage illustrated by the histopathological alterations including marked degeneration and necrosis of Germ cells lining seminiferous tubules, as well as interstitial oedema, congestion of interstitial blood vessel. Wheat Germ Oil administration potentially mitigated the histopathological alterations of sertraline-administered rats. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress biomarker, showed a significant elevation in testicular tissue of sertraline-administered rats. Furthermore, glutathione content and catalase activity were decreased in testicular tissue of sertraline-administered rats. Serum testosterone level was elevated in sertraline-administered rats. Wheat Germ Oil significantly reduced lipid peroxidation of testicular tissue and improved the antioxidant defences. Finally, Wheat Germ Oil has a preventive role against testicular damage induced by sertraline in rats probably via its potential to prevent reactive oxygen species.
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the preventive role of Wheat Germ Oil against sertraline induced testicular damage in male albino rats
Andrologia, 2019Co-Authors: Hamida HamdiAbstract:Sertraline is an antidepressant medication used extensively in the therapy of depression. The present investigation was intended to estimate the actual protective role of Wheat Germ Oil on sertraline-caused testicular injury in albino rats. Sertraline (human therapeutic dose, 15.63 mg/kg) was orally administrated to rats for 28 successive days. Sertraline-administered rats were concurrently supplemented with Wheat Germ Oil (human therapeutic dose, 68.75 mg/kg) for 28 successive days. Sertraline administration induced an elevation in testicular DNA damage and acute testicular damage illustrated by the histopathological alterations including marked degeneration and necrosis of Germ cells lining seminiferous tubules, as well as interstitial oedema, congestion of interstitial blood vessel. Wheat Germ Oil administration potentially mitigated the histopathological alterations of sertraline-administered rats. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress biomarker, showed a significant elevation in testicular tissue of sertraline-administered rats. Furthermore, glutathione content and catalase activity were decreased in testicular tissue of sertraline-administered rats. Serum testosterone level was elevated in sertraline-administered rats. Wheat Germ Oil significantly reduced lipid peroxidation of testicular tissue and improved the antioxidant defences. Finally, Wheat Germ Oil has a preventive role against testicular damage induced by sertraline in rats probably via its potential to prevent reactive oxygen species.
Nurhan Turgut Dunford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acid and Enzymatic Degumming of Wheat Germ Oil
Transactions of the ASABE, 2015Co-Authors: Shaymaa Al Sharqi, Nurhan Turgut Dunford, Carla GoadAbstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of acid and enzymatic degumming for crude Wheat Germ Oil refining. Both hexane extracted and mechanically pressed Oils were examined in the study. The effects of five variables on acid degumming efficiency were examined: temperature, time (mixing type: 60 min stirring versus 2 min homogenization), water:Oil ratio, acid type (phosphoric and citric acids), and acid concentration. Phosphoric acid was more effective than citric acid for removing phospholipids from crude Wheat Germ Oil. Phosphoric acid degumming at 70°C, 2 min homogenization, phosphoric acid concentration of 0.05%, and water:Oil ratio of 7.5% resulted in the lowest (989 mg kg -1 ) residual phosphorus content in the Oil. The Oil yield under these degumming conditions was 93.5%. About 76% of the total tocopherols were lost during phosphoric degumming of hexane extracted Oil. Tocopherol loss was much lower (19%) for mechanically pressed Oil degummed under the same conditions as hexane extracted Oil. A commercial phospholipase (GumZyme) was also evaluated for WGO degumming. The lowest phosphorus level achieved in the enzymatically degummed Oil was 573 mg kg -1 . Enzymatic degumming was more effective than acid degumming in removing phospholipids from Wheat Germ Oil.
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Mechanical Extraction of Wheat Germ Oil
Transactions of the ASABE, 2013Co-Authors: Laith Al-obaidi, Nurhan Turgut Dunford, Carla GoadAbstract:Abstract. Wheat Germ Oil (WGO) is one of the richest natural sources of vitamin E and contains a number of other health-beneficial bioactive compounds, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, policosanol, and phytosterols. The conventional WGO extraction technique uses hexane, which may cause environmental and human health risks. The objective of this study was to optimize a solventless WGO extraction process that produces good-quality Oil. To achieve this goal, a mechanical extraction process was examined. WGO was expressed using a heavy-duty screw press. The screw press shaft speed, cage temperature, backpressure at the meal discharge end, shaft arrangement, and Germ pretreatment conditions were optimized for maximum Oil yield. The free fatty acids, peroxide value, and p-anisidine value of Oil obtained by mechanical pressing were lower than those for commercially hexane-extracted Oil, but the mechanically pressed WGO was rich in essential fatty acids and tocopherols. Mechanical pressing is an environmentally benign alternative to hexane extraction, specifically for specialty Oils such as WGO. Solvent-free Oil and cake from mechanical extraction can be used in functional foods and nutraceutical formulations and can add value to the Wheat milling byproduct Wheat Germ.
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Aqueous Extraction of Wheat Germ Oil
Biological Engineering Transactions, 2012Co-Authors: Meizhen Xie, Nurhan Turgut Dunford, Carla GoadAbstract:In this study, the aqueous extraction of Wheat Germ Oil was examined. The effects of three different buffers and pH on Oil extraction yields were evaluated. Preliminary tests carried out at a liquid:solid ratio of 12:1 (v/w) and extraction time of 4 h showed that relatively high Oil yields could be obtained at alkaline pH (pH = 8.0). Tris-HCl buffer at pH 8.0 produced the highest Oil yield, about 49%. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the processing parameters (liquid:solid ratio and extraction time) to maximize Oil yield. Quadratic models with R2 values higher than 0.94 were developed for the three buffer systems: Tris-HCl at pH 8.0, sodium borate (boric acid-NaOH) at pH 8.0, and citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 5.0. In general, Oil extraction yield improved with increasing liquid:solid ratio and decreased with prolonged extraction time at pH 8.0. The highest predicted Oil extraction yields were similar for Tris-HCl and sodium borate buffers at pH 8.0, about 70%. The verification experiments carried out at the optimum conditions predicted by the models, liquid:solid ratio of 20 (v/w) and extraction time of 0.5 h, resulted in Oil yields of 65% and 55% for Tris-HCl and sodium borate buffers, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of aqueous extraction as a viable technique for recovery of Oil from Wheat Germ. Even though the Oil recovery rates achieved in this study were not very high, aqueous extraction of Wheat Germ Oil could be economically feasible because of the higher nutritional and commercial value of Wheat Germ Oil as compared to commodity Oils such as soybean Oil.
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Wheat Germ Oil
Gourmet and Health-Promoting Specialty Oils, 2009Co-Authors: Nurhan Turgut DunfordAbstract:Publisher Summary Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ) is the oldest and the most widespread staple food for humans. Wheat-Germ Oil (WGO) is a specialty product. Unlike commodity Oils such as soybean and canola Oils, which are mainly used for their heat-transfer properties during cooking and for providing a pleasant mouth feel in salad dressings, WGO is used for its nutritional value, specifically for its high vitamin-E content. Applications of WGO range from cosmetics, tOiletries, pharmaceuticals, and health foods to dietary supplements. Mechanical expelling, organic solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction can extract WGO. Hexane is commonly used for commercial WGO extraction. WGO is rich in health- beneficial bioactive compounds, such as phytosterols, tocopherols, carotenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids. The efficacy and economic feasibility of new and advanced processing techniques that operate at low temperatures and minimize oxidation reaction in Oils must be evaluated for high-quality WGO production.
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Bioactive Components of Commercial and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processed Wheat Germ Oil
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2008Co-Authors: Michael Eisenmenger, Nurhan Turgut DunfordAbstract:Wheat Germ Oil (WGO) is a specialty product with a very high nutritional value. The chemical composition of both commercial and pilot scale supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO_2) processed WGO was examined. This study showed that methods used for Oil extraction and refining did not have a significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the Oil. SC-CO_2 extracted Oil had a higher tocopherol content than that of commercially hexane extracted Oil. The phospholipid content of the SC-CO_2 extracted Oil was very low indicating that the SC-CO_2 extraction method could eliminate the degumming step from edible Oil refining processes. Although the conventional chemical Oil refining technique reduced the tocopherol content of the WGO, it was possible to concentrate tocopherols in WGO by using physical refining methods such as molecular distillation.
Yanjie Ying - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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response surface optimization of Wheat Germ Oil yield by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2008Co-Authors: Ping Shao, Peilong Sun, Yanjie YingAbstract:Abstract The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Wheat Germ Oil was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the parameters of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Independent variables were operating temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C), pressure (20, 27.5 and 35 MPa) and flow rate (15, 20 and 25 L/h). The response and variables were fitted well to each other by multiple regressions. All the independent parameters and quadratic of temperature and pressure affected the Oil yield significantly. The maximum Wheat Germ Oil yield to be about 10.15% by SFE were obtained when SFE was carried out at 35 MPa of pressure, 50 °C of temperature, 22.5–25 L/h of solvent flow rate and 1 h of extraction time. The humidity of Wheat Germ influenced negatively the extraction process. A comparison between the relative qualities by SFE and by organic solvent extraction using hexane was made. The quality of Wheat Germ Oil extracted by SFE was similar to that of Oil extracted by hexane. The experimental results indicated that SFE technique reduced solvent consumption and extraction time with no adverse effect on the extraction yield and fatty acid composition of the Oil.
A. G. Gopala Krishna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studies on the nutraceuticals composition of Wheat derived Oils Wheat bran Oil and Wheat Germ Oil.
Journal of food science and technology, 2013Co-Authors: G. Suresh Kumar, A. G. Gopala KrishnaAbstract:Fat-soluble nutraceuticals of cereals are known for number of disease preventive activities. Hence Wheat bran Oil (WBO) and Wheat Germ Oil (WGO) were extracted from Wheat bran and Germ which yielded 3.35 % and 7.35 % of Oil, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (64 %, 61.2 %) respectively. Both Oils contained tocopherols and carotenoids, which were higher in Wheat Germ Oil (273 mg/100 g, 12.23 mg/100 g) than Wheat bran Oil (190 mg/100 g, 2.21 mg/100 g). Steryl ferulates were also present in both the Oils, but their content was eight-fold higher in WBO than in WGO. Three major steryl ferulates identified by HPLC were campesteryl ferulate and sitostenyl ferulate, campestanyl ferulate and β-sitosteryl ferulate as in γ-oryzanol and another ferulate, viz., sitostanyl ferulate. A strong IC50 value of 7.5 mg/mL and 21.6 mg/mL DPPH free radicals scavenging for Wheat Germ Oil for Wheat bran Oil was observed. NMR (13C and 1H) profile explored the evidence of distribution of antioxidant molecules in the unsaponifiable matter of Wheat derived Oil. Since Oils rich in PUFA and minor components are required for the normal physiological activities, blending such Oils with other edible Oils of the diet in Wheat growing countries like India may be useful to provide health benefits.
