The Experts below are selected from a list of 249 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paul H Walz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv in White Tailed Deer odocoileus virginianus
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Paul H WalzAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the prototypic member of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Infections with BVDV cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries, prompting various organized control programs in several countries. In North America, these control programs are focused on the identification and removal of persistently infected (PI) cattle, enhancement of BVDV-specific immunity through vaccination, and the implementation of biosecure farming practices. To be successful, control measures must be based on complete knowledge of the epidemiology of BVDV, including the recognition of other potential sources of the virus. BVDV does not possess strict host-specificity, and infections of over 50 species in the mammalian order Artiodactyla have been reported. Over 50 years ago, serologic surveys first suggested the susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in North America, to BVDV. However, susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer to BVDV infection does not alone imply a role in the epidemiology of the virus. To be a potential wildlife reservoir, White-Tailed Deer must: 1) be susceptible to BVDV, 2) shed BVDV, 3) maintain BVDV in the population, and 4) have sufficient contact with cattle that allow spillback infections. Based on the current literature, this review discusses the potential of White-Tailed Deer to be a reservoir for BVDV.
-
transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among White Tailed Deer odocoileus virginianus
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Randy W. Deyoung, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Daniel M Givens, Kenny V Brock, Paul H WalzAbstract:Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. Persistent BVDV infections have been identified in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free- ranging ruminant in North America. As PI Deer shed BVDV similarly to PI cattle, maintenance of BVDV within White-Tailed Deer populations may be possible. To date, intraspecific transmission of BVDV in White- Tailed Deer has not been evaluated, which prompted this study. Six pregnant White-Tailed Deer were captured in the first trimester of pregnancy and cohabitated with a PI White-Tailed Deer. Cohabitation with the PI Deer resulted in BVDV infection in all does, as indicated by seroconversion. All does gave birth to live fawns and no reproductive losses were observed. At birth, evidence of BVDV infection was identified in two singlet fawns, of which one was determined to be PI by repeated serum reverse transcription nested PCR, whole blood virus isolation and immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates for the first time that BVDV transmission may occur among White-Tailed Deer. The birth of a PI fawn through contact to a PI White-Tailed Deer indicates that under appropriate circumstances, BVDV may be maintained in White-Tailed Deer by congenital infection. bovine viral diarrhea virus / BVDV transmission / Odocoileus virginianus / persistent infection / White-Tailed Deer
-
Transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Randy W. Deyoung, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Kenny V Brock, M. Daniel Givens, Paul H WalzAbstract:Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. Persistent BVDV infections have been identified in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in North America. As PI Deer shed BVDV similarly to PI cattle, maintenance of BVDV within White-Tailed Deer populations may be possible. To date, intraspecific transmission of BVDV in White-Tailed Deer has not been evaluated, which prompted this study. Six pregnant White-Tailed Deer were captured in the first trimester of pregnancy and cohabitated with a PI White-Tailed Deer. Cohabitation with the PI Deer resulted in BVDV infection in all does, as indicated by seroconversion. All does gave birth to live fawns and no reproductive losses were observed. At birth, evidence of BVDV infection was identified in two singlet fawns, of which one was determined to be PI by repeated serum reverse transcription nested PCR, whole blood virus isolation and immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates for the first time that BVDV transmission may occur among White-Tailed Deer. The birth of a PI fawn through contact to a PI White-Tailed Deer indicates that under appropriate circumstances, BVDV may be maintained in White-Tailed Deer by congenital infection.
-
experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in White Tailed Deer
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Daniel M Givens, Paul H Walz, Herris S Maxwell, Kenny V BrockAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most important reservoir for BVDV. White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the United States and contact between cattle and Deer is common. If the outcome of fetal infection of White-Tailed Deer is similar to cattle, PI White-Tailed Deer may pose a threat to BVDV control programs. The objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of pregnant White-Tailed Deer with BVDV would result in the birth of PI offspring. Nine female and one male White-Tailed Deer were captured and housed at a captive Deer isolation facility. After natural mating had occurred, all does were inoculated intranasally at approximately 50 days of pregnancy with 10(6) CCID(50) each of a BVDV 1 (BJ) and BVDV 2 (PA131) strain. Although no clinical signs of BVDV infection were observed or abortions detected, only one pregnancy advanced to term. On day 167 post-inoculation, one doe delivered a live fawn and a mummified fetus. The fawn was translocated to an isolation facility to be hand-raised. The fawn was determined to be PI with BVDV 2 by serial virus isolation from serum and White blood cells, immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy, and RT-PCR. This is the first report of persistent infection of White-Tailed Deer with BVDV. Further research is needed to assess the impact of PI White-Tailed Deer on BVDV control programs in cattle.
-
Experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in White-Tailed Deer ☆
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Paul H Walz, M. Daniel Givens, Herris S Maxwell, Kenny V BrockAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most important reservoir for BVDV. White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the United States and contact between cattle and Deer is common. If the outcome of fetal infection of White-Tailed Deer is similar to cattle, PI White-Tailed Deer may pose a threat to BVDV control programs. The objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of pregnant White-Tailed Deer with BVDV would result in the birth of PI offspring. Nine female and one male White-Tailed Deer were captured and housed at a captive Deer isolation facility. After natural mating had occurred, all does were inoculated intranasally at approximately 50 days of pregnancy with 10(6) CCID(50) each of a BVDV 1 (BJ) and BVDV 2 (PA131) strain. Although no clinical signs of BVDV infection were observed or abortions detected, only one pregnancy advanced to term. On day 167 post-inoculation, one doe delivered a live fawn and a mummified fetus. The fawn was translocated to an isolation facility to be hand-raised. The fawn was determined to be PI with BVDV 2 by serial virus isolation from serum and White blood cells, immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy, and RT-PCR. This is the first report of persistent infection of White-Tailed Deer with BVDV. Further research is needed to assess the impact of PI White-Tailed Deer on BVDV control programs in cattle.
Thomas Passler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv in White Tailed Deer odocoileus virginianus
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Paul H WalzAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the prototypic member of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Infections with BVDV cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries, prompting various organized control programs in several countries. In North America, these control programs are focused on the identification and removal of persistently infected (PI) cattle, enhancement of BVDV-specific immunity through vaccination, and the implementation of biosecure farming practices. To be successful, control measures must be based on complete knowledge of the epidemiology of BVDV, including the recognition of other potential sources of the virus. BVDV does not possess strict host-specificity, and infections of over 50 species in the mammalian order Artiodactyla have been reported. Over 50 years ago, serologic surveys first suggested the susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in North America, to BVDV. However, susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer to BVDV infection does not alone imply a role in the epidemiology of the virus. To be a potential wildlife reservoir, White-Tailed Deer must: 1) be susceptible to BVDV, 2) shed BVDV, 3) maintain BVDV in the population, and 4) have sufficient contact with cattle that allow spillback infections. Based on the current literature, this review discusses the potential of White-Tailed Deer to be a reservoir for BVDV.
-
transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among White Tailed Deer odocoileus virginianus
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Randy W. Deyoung, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Daniel M Givens, Kenny V Brock, Paul H WalzAbstract:Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. Persistent BVDV infections have been identified in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free- ranging ruminant in North America. As PI Deer shed BVDV similarly to PI cattle, maintenance of BVDV within White-Tailed Deer populations may be possible. To date, intraspecific transmission of BVDV in White- Tailed Deer has not been evaluated, which prompted this study. Six pregnant White-Tailed Deer were captured in the first trimester of pregnancy and cohabitated with a PI White-Tailed Deer. Cohabitation with the PI Deer resulted in BVDV infection in all does, as indicated by seroconversion. All does gave birth to live fawns and no reproductive losses were observed. At birth, evidence of BVDV infection was identified in two singlet fawns, of which one was determined to be PI by repeated serum reverse transcription nested PCR, whole blood virus isolation and immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates for the first time that BVDV transmission may occur among White-Tailed Deer. The birth of a PI fawn through contact to a PI White-Tailed Deer indicates that under appropriate circumstances, BVDV may be maintained in White-Tailed Deer by congenital infection. bovine viral diarrhea virus / BVDV transmission / Odocoileus virginianus / persistent infection / White-Tailed Deer
-
Transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Randy W. Deyoung, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Kenny V Brock, M. Daniel Givens, Paul H WalzAbstract:Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. Persistent BVDV infections have been identified in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in North America. As PI Deer shed BVDV similarly to PI cattle, maintenance of BVDV within White-Tailed Deer populations may be possible. To date, intraspecific transmission of BVDV in White-Tailed Deer has not been evaluated, which prompted this study. Six pregnant White-Tailed Deer were captured in the first trimester of pregnancy and cohabitated with a PI White-Tailed Deer. Cohabitation with the PI Deer resulted in BVDV infection in all does, as indicated by seroconversion. All does gave birth to live fawns and no reproductive losses were observed. At birth, evidence of BVDV infection was identified in two singlet fawns, of which one was determined to be PI by repeated serum reverse transcription nested PCR, whole blood virus isolation and immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates for the first time that BVDV transmission may occur among White-Tailed Deer. The birth of a PI fawn through contact to a PI White-Tailed Deer indicates that under appropriate circumstances, BVDV may be maintained in White-Tailed Deer by congenital infection.
-
experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in White Tailed Deer
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Daniel M Givens, Paul H Walz, Herris S Maxwell, Kenny V BrockAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most important reservoir for BVDV. White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the United States and contact between cattle and Deer is common. If the outcome of fetal infection of White-Tailed Deer is similar to cattle, PI White-Tailed Deer may pose a threat to BVDV control programs. The objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of pregnant White-Tailed Deer with BVDV would result in the birth of PI offspring. Nine female and one male White-Tailed Deer were captured and housed at a captive Deer isolation facility. After natural mating had occurred, all does were inoculated intranasally at approximately 50 days of pregnancy with 10(6) CCID(50) each of a BVDV 1 (BJ) and BVDV 2 (PA131) strain. Although no clinical signs of BVDV infection were observed or abortions detected, only one pregnancy advanced to term. On day 167 post-inoculation, one doe delivered a live fawn and a mummified fetus. The fawn was translocated to an isolation facility to be hand-raised. The fawn was determined to be PI with BVDV 2 by serial virus isolation from serum and White blood cells, immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy, and RT-PCR. This is the first report of persistent infection of White-Tailed Deer with BVDV. Further research is needed to assess the impact of PI White-Tailed Deer on BVDV control programs in cattle.
-
Experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in White-Tailed Deer ☆
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Paul H Walz, M. Daniel Givens, Herris S Maxwell, Kenny V BrockAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most important reservoir for BVDV. White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the United States and contact between cattle and Deer is common. If the outcome of fetal infection of White-Tailed Deer is similar to cattle, PI White-Tailed Deer may pose a threat to BVDV control programs. The objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of pregnant White-Tailed Deer with BVDV would result in the birth of PI offspring. Nine female and one male White-Tailed Deer were captured and housed at a captive Deer isolation facility. After natural mating had occurred, all does were inoculated intranasally at approximately 50 days of pregnancy with 10(6) CCID(50) each of a BVDV 1 (BJ) and BVDV 2 (PA131) strain. Although no clinical signs of BVDV infection were observed or abortions detected, only one pregnancy advanced to term. On day 167 post-inoculation, one doe delivered a live fawn and a mummified fetus. The fawn was translocated to an isolation facility to be hand-raised. The fawn was determined to be PI with BVDV 2 by serial virus isolation from serum and White blood cells, immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy, and RT-PCR. This is the first report of persistent infection of White-Tailed Deer with BVDV. Further research is needed to assess the impact of PI White-Tailed Deer on BVDV control programs in cattle.
Kenny V Brock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among White Tailed Deer odocoileus virginianus
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Randy W. Deyoung, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Daniel M Givens, Kenny V Brock, Paul H WalzAbstract:Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. Persistent BVDV infections have been identified in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free- ranging ruminant in North America. As PI Deer shed BVDV similarly to PI cattle, maintenance of BVDV within White-Tailed Deer populations may be possible. To date, intraspecific transmission of BVDV in White- Tailed Deer has not been evaluated, which prompted this study. Six pregnant White-Tailed Deer were captured in the first trimester of pregnancy and cohabitated with a PI White-Tailed Deer. Cohabitation with the PI Deer resulted in BVDV infection in all does, as indicated by seroconversion. All does gave birth to live fawns and no reproductive losses were observed. At birth, evidence of BVDV infection was identified in two singlet fawns, of which one was determined to be PI by repeated serum reverse transcription nested PCR, whole blood virus isolation and immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates for the first time that BVDV transmission may occur among White-Tailed Deer. The birth of a PI fawn through contact to a PI White-Tailed Deer indicates that under appropriate circumstances, BVDV may be maintained in White-Tailed Deer by congenital infection. bovine viral diarrhea virus / BVDV transmission / Odocoileus virginianus / persistent infection / White-Tailed Deer
-
Transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Randy W. Deyoung, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Kenny V Brock, M. Daniel Givens, Paul H WalzAbstract:Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. Persistent BVDV infections have been identified in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in North America. As PI Deer shed BVDV similarly to PI cattle, maintenance of BVDV within White-Tailed Deer populations may be possible. To date, intraspecific transmission of BVDV in White-Tailed Deer has not been evaluated, which prompted this study. Six pregnant White-Tailed Deer were captured in the first trimester of pregnancy and cohabitated with a PI White-Tailed Deer. Cohabitation with the PI Deer resulted in BVDV infection in all does, as indicated by seroconversion. All does gave birth to live fawns and no reproductive losses were observed. At birth, evidence of BVDV infection was identified in two singlet fawns, of which one was determined to be PI by repeated serum reverse transcription nested PCR, whole blood virus isolation and immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates for the first time that BVDV transmission may occur among White-Tailed Deer. The birth of a PI fawn through contact to a PI White-Tailed Deer indicates that under appropriate circumstances, BVDV may be maintained in White-Tailed Deer by congenital infection.
-
experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in White Tailed Deer
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Daniel M Givens, Paul H Walz, Herris S Maxwell, Kenny V BrockAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most important reservoir for BVDV. White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the United States and contact between cattle and Deer is common. If the outcome of fetal infection of White-Tailed Deer is similar to cattle, PI White-Tailed Deer may pose a threat to BVDV control programs. The objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of pregnant White-Tailed Deer with BVDV would result in the birth of PI offspring. Nine female and one male White-Tailed Deer were captured and housed at a captive Deer isolation facility. After natural mating had occurred, all does were inoculated intranasally at approximately 50 days of pregnancy with 10(6) CCID(50) each of a BVDV 1 (BJ) and BVDV 2 (PA131) strain. Although no clinical signs of BVDV infection were observed or abortions detected, only one pregnancy advanced to term. On day 167 post-inoculation, one doe delivered a live fawn and a mummified fetus. The fawn was translocated to an isolation facility to be hand-raised. The fawn was determined to be PI with BVDV 2 by serial virus isolation from serum and White blood cells, immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy, and RT-PCR. This is the first report of persistent infection of White-Tailed Deer with BVDV. Further research is needed to assess the impact of PI White-Tailed Deer on BVDV control programs in cattle.
-
Experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in White-Tailed Deer ☆
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Paul H Walz, M. Daniel Givens, Herris S Maxwell, Kenny V BrockAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most important reservoir for BVDV. White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the United States and contact between cattle and Deer is common. If the outcome of fetal infection of White-Tailed Deer is similar to cattle, PI White-Tailed Deer may pose a threat to BVDV control programs. The objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of pregnant White-Tailed Deer with BVDV would result in the birth of PI offspring. Nine female and one male White-Tailed Deer were captured and housed at a captive Deer isolation facility. After natural mating had occurred, all does were inoculated intranasally at approximately 50 days of pregnancy with 10(6) CCID(50) each of a BVDV 1 (BJ) and BVDV 2 (PA131) strain. Although no clinical signs of BVDV infection were observed or abortions detected, only one pregnancy advanced to term. On day 167 post-inoculation, one doe delivered a live fawn and a mummified fetus. The fawn was translocated to an isolation facility to be hand-raised. The fawn was determined to be PI with BVDV 2 by serial virus isolation from serum and White blood cells, immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy, and RT-PCR. This is the first report of persistent infection of White-Tailed Deer with BVDV. Further research is needed to assess the impact of PI White-Tailed Deer on BVDV control programs in cattle.
Stephen S Ditchkoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
bovine viral diarrhea virus bvdv in White Tailed Deer odocoileus virginianus
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Paul H WalzAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the prototypic member of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Infections with BVDV cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries, prompting various organized control programs in several countries. In North America, these control programs are focused on the identification and removal of persistently infected (PI) cattle, enhancement of BVDV-specific immunity through vaccination, and the implementation of biosecure farming practices. To be successful, control measures must be based on complete knowledge of the epidemiology of BVDV, including the recognition of other potential sources of the virus. BVDV does not possess strict host-specificity, and infections of over 50 species in the mammalian order Artiodactyla have been reported. Over 50 years ago, serologic surveys first suggested the susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in North America, to BVDV. However, susceptibility of White-Tailed Deer to BVDV infection does not alone imply a role in the epidemiology of the virus. To be a potential wildlife reservoir, White-Tailed Deer must: 1) be susceptible to BVDV, 2) shed BVDV, 3) maintain BVDV in the population, and 4) have sufficient contact with cattle that allow spillback infections. Based on the current literature, this review discusses the potential of White-Tailed Deer to be a reservoir for BVDV.
-
Microsatellites reveal plasticity in reproductive success of White-Tailed Deer
Journal of Mammalogy, 2016Co-Authors: Timothy J. Neuman, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Chad H. Newbolt, Todd D. SteuryAbstract:Mate choice based on age and body size is poorly understood among cervids. We used 14 microsatellite DNA loci to assign parentage and reconstruct the pedigree of a captive population of White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) in order to evaluate their mate choice and reproductive success. From 2008 to 2013, we assigned both dam and sire to 87 litters. Age differences between mated pairs did not differ from random pairings and we found no apparent relationship of skeletal size between pairs. Our results highlight the plasticity of mating success for White-Tailed Deer and we speculate their mating system has evolved to maximize fertility. Our investigation was the first to explore mated pairs of White-Tailed Deer with such a high proportion of candidate parents sampled and the first to incorporate vaginal implant transmitters to validate genetic sampling techniques. This knowledge could help local and regional wildlife managers comprehend the unpredictability of mating success of White-Tailed Deer.
-
transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among White Tailed Deer odocoileus virginianus
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Randy W. Deyoung, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Daniel M Givens, Kenny V Brock, Paul H WalzAbstract:Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. Persistent BVDV infections have been identified in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free- ranging ruminant in North America. As PI Deer shed BVDV similarly to PI cattle, maintenance of BVDV within White-Tailed Deer populations may be possible. To date, intraspecific transmission of BVDV in White- Tailed Deer has not been evaluated, which prompted this study. Six pregnant White-Tailed Deer were captured in the first trimester of pregnancy and cohabitated with a PI White-Tailed Deer. Cohabitation with the PI Deer resulted in BVDV infection in all does, as indicated by seroconversion. All does gave birth to live fawns and no reproductive losses were observed. At birth, evidence of BVDV infection was identified in two singlet fawns, of which one was determined to be PI by repeated serum reverse transcription nested PCR, whole blood virus isolation and immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates for the first time that BVDV transmission may occur among White-Tailed Deer. The birth of a PI fawn through contact to a PI White-Tailed Deer indicates that under appropriate circumstances, BVDV may be maintained in White-Tailed Deer by congenital infection. bovine viral diarrhea virus / BVDV transmission / Odocoileus virginianus / persistent infection / White-Tailed Deer
-
Transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Randy W. Deyoung, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Kenny V Brock, M. Daniel Givens, Paul H WalzAbstract:Cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. Persistent BVDV infections have been identified in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in North America. As PI Deer shed BVDV similarly to PI cattle, maintenance of BVDV within White-Tailed Deer populations may be possible. To date, intraspecific transmission of BVDV in White-Tailed Deer has not been evaluated, which prompted this study. Six pregnant White-Tailed Deer were captured in the first trimester of pregnancy and cohabitated with a PI White-Tailed Deer. Cohabitation with the PI Deer resulted in BVDV infection in all does, as indicated by seroconversion. All does gave birth to live fawns and no reproductive losses were observed. At birth, evidence of BVDV infection was identified in two singlet fawns, of which one was determined to be PI by repeated serum reverse transcription nested PCR, whole blood virus isolation and immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates for the first time that BVDV transmission may occur among White-Tailed Deer. The birth of a PI fawn through contact to a PI White-Tailed Deer indicates that under appropriate circumstances, BVDV may be maintained in White-Tailed Deer by congenital infection.
-
experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in White Tailed Deer
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Thomas Passler, Stephen S Ditchkoff, Daniel M Givens, Paul H Walz, Herris S Maxwell, Kenny V BrockAbstract:Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the most important reservoir for BVDV. White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the United States and contact between cattle and Deer is common. If the outcome of fetal infection of White-Tailed Deer is similar to cattle, PI White-Tailed Deer may pose a threat to BVDV control programs. The objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of pregnant White-Tailed Deer with BVDV would result in the birth of PI offspring. Nine female and one male White-Tailed Deer were captured and housed at a captive Deer isolation facility. After natural mating had occurred, all does were inoculated intranasally at approximately 50 days of pregnancy with 10(6) CCID(50) each of a BVDV 1 (BJ) and BVDV 2 (PA131) strain. Although no clinical signs of BVDV infection were observed or abortions detected, only one pregnancy advanced to term. On day 167 post-inoculation, one doe delivered a live fawn and a mummified fetus. The fawn was translocated to an isolation facility to be hand-raised. The fawn was determined to be PI with BVDV 2 by serial virus isolation from serum and White blood cells, immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy, and RT-PCR. This is the first report of persistent infection of White-Tailed Deer with BVDV. Further research is needed to assess the impact of PI White-Tailed Deer on BVDV control programs in cattle.
Eduardo L. Gastal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of White-Tailed Deer ovarian tissue.
Theriogenology, 2018Co-Authors: G.d.a. Gastal, F.l.n. Aguiar, A.p.r. Rodrigues, J.m. Scimeca, G. A. Apgar, W. J. Banz, Jean M. Feugang, Eduardo L. GastalAbstract:Abstract The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) the survivability of White-Tailed Deer ovarian tissue after cryopreservation by slow-freezing (SF) and vitrification (VIT) techniques and in vitro culture (IVC) for up to 7 days, and (2) the effects of cryopreservation techniques on protein expression of proliferative and apoptotic markers of ovarian tissue pre- and post-in vitro culture. Ovaries (n = 14) of seven White-Tailed Deer fawns (
-
ovarian features in White Tailed Deer odocoileus virginianus fawns and does
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: G.d.a. Gastal, G. A. Apgar, W. J. Banz, Jean M. Feugang, A Hamilton, Benner Geraldo Alves, S G S De Tarso, Clayton K Nielsen, Eduardo L. GastalAbstract:The knowledge about ovarian reserve is essential to determine the reproductive potential and to improve the methods of fertility control for overpopulated species, such as White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the female reproductive tract of White-Tailed Deer, focusing on ovarian features. Genital tracts from 8 prepubertal and 10 pubertal females were used to characterize the preantral follicle population and density, morphology, distribution of follicular classes; stromal cell density; and apoptosis in the ovary. In addition, uterus and ovary weights and dimensions were recorded; and the number and the size of antral follicles and corpus luteum in the ovary were quantified. Overall, fawns had a greater (P 0.05) between the ovaries of fawns and does. However, apoptotic ovarian cells negatively (P < 0.001) affected the preantral follicle morphology and density, and conversely, a positive correlation was observed with stromal cell density. As expected, the uteri and ovaries were larger (P < 0.002) and heavier (P < 0.001) in does than in fawns. In conclusion, this study has shown, for the first time, the preantral follicle population and distribution of classes, rate of morphologically normal follicles, and density of preantral follicles and stromal cells in White- Tailed Deer. Therefore, the findings herein described lead to a better understanding of the White-Tailed Deer ovarian biology, facilitating the development of new methods of fertility control.