The Experts below are selected from a list of 1164 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anders Dalsgaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Integrated parasite management: path to sustainable control of Fishborne trematodes in aquaculture
Trends in Parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: Jesper Hedegaard Clausen, Anders Dalsgaard, Henry Madsen, K. Darwin MurrellAbstract:Fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) are an emerging problem and there is now a consensus that, in addition to Wild-Caught Fish, Fish produced in aquaculture present a major food safety risk, especially in Southeast Asia where aquaculture is important economically. Current control programs target communities at risk through mass drug administration. However, we argue that treatment alone will not reduce the risk from eating infected Fish and that sustainable effective control must adopt an integrated FZT control approach based on education, infrastructure improvements, and management practices that target critical control points in the aquaculture production cycle identified from a thorough understanding of FZT and host biology and epidemiology. We present recommendations for an integrated parasite management (IPM) program for aquaculture farms.
-
Fish-borne trematodes in cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Wild-Caught Fish from Thailand
Veterinary Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Benjamaporn Wiriya, Jesper Hedegaard Clausen, Tawin Inpankaew, Urusa Thaenkham, Sathaporn Jittapalapong, Kriengkrai Satapornvanit, Anders DalsgaardAbstract:a b s t r a c t Fish-borne zoonotic trematode (FZT) infections affect the health of more than 18 million people around the world, particularly in Asian countries. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a white meat Fish that has an increasing national and international market. The objec- tive of this study was to determine the prevalence of FZT metacercarial infections in Nile tilapia from cage and pond aquaculture systems and in Wild-Caught Fish from Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom and Chachoengsao provinces, Thailand. Fish were collected from four cages in Suphan Buri and four ponds in Nakhon Pathom provinces between September-October 2011 and April-May 2012 and Wild-Caught Fish were collected in May 2012. All Fish were examined for metacercariae by a pepsin digestion and metacercariae identified using mor- phological and molecular methods. During the first sampling of tilapia the prevalence of metacercariae in cage culture Fish were 2.5% and 10% in pond culture Fish. During the sec- ond sampling, metacercariae was found in 2.0% of tilapia from cage and none from the ponds. Of the 150 Wild-Caught Fish, a total of 80 (53.3%) were found to be infected with metacercariae, mostly the zoonotic species Stellantchasmus falcatus, Haplorchis pumilio and Procerovum varium. The results revealed a low risk for FZT in Nile tilapia cultured in cage and pond aquaculture systems. However, the high prevalence of FZT in Wild-Caught Fish indicates a high potential for spillover from wild reservoir hosts and underscores the need for vigilance and good management practices by the aquaculture sector.
-
Risks for Fishborne zoonotic trematodes in Tilapia production systems in Guangdong province, China
Veterinary Parasitology, 2013Co-Authors: Kang Li, Jesper Hedegaard Clausen, K. Darwin Murrell, Anders DalsgaardAbstract:Abstract Guangdong province is the most important region for tilapia culture in China. However, it is also an endemic region for Fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT), which pose a risk to human food safety and health. A study was designed to assess the status of trematode parasite infections in tilapia aquaculture systems as an indicator of potential risks from FZT associated with consumption of tilapia. Tilapia from nursery and grow-out ponds were sampled from monoculture, polyculture and integrated aquaculture systems. The results from 388 tilapia examined revealed a very low prevalence (1.5%) of trematode infections (Heterophyidae and Echinostomatidae). Integrated systems using animal manure and latrine wastes as fertilizer did not show a higher prevalence of FZT. Because it was not clear whether the low risk of infection was attributable to existing effective pond management practices or a low risk of spillover of FZT from area sylvatic reservoir hosts, a survey of local Wild-Caught Fish was conducted. Five species of FZT were discovered from a total of 271 Wild-Caught Fish and a mean infection density of 4.0 metacercariae/100 g; FZT discovered included intestinal flukes ( Haplorchis spp., Procerovum varium , and Metagonimus spp.) and metacercariae tentatively identified as Clonorchis sinenesis . The common occurrence of FZT in Wild-Caught Fish suggests that the presence of FZT in local wild animal reservoirs is substantial, and that although the current aquaculture management systems for tilapia are generally effective in preventing transmission of these parasites into tilapia production systems, the improvement of pond management practices and biosecurity must be maintained at a high level.
-
Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes in cultured and Wild-Caught freshwater Fish from the Red River Delta, Vietnam.
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Van Thi Phan, Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Hang Thi Nguyen, Darwin Murrell, Anders DalsgaardAbstract:Abstract Nam Dinh province in Red River Delta, Vietnam, is an endemic area for the human liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, but little is known about its occurrence in the Fish intermediate host in this region. A cross-sectional study was carried out to identify Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT) species diversity and to estimate the prevalence and infection densities of FZT in three major types of Fish: cultured species and self-recruiting species from family ponds and Wild-Caught species from irrigation canals in Nam Dinh province. A total of 714 Wild-Caught Fish from canals and 829 Fish from family ponds were examined for FZT infection. Only a single Fish from a pond was infected with Cl. sinensis. The intestinal fluke Haplorchis pumilio was very common and found in more than 50% of Fish irrespective of origin. Four other intestinal FZT species were found at low prevalence ( 0.05) in F...
F. Helen Rodd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Hastiness, brain size and predation regime affect the performance of wild guppies in a spatial memory task
Animal Behaviour, 2008Co-Authors: James G. Burns, F. Helen RoddAbstract:The ability to return to, or avoid, specific locations is often critical to fitness-related activities. We tested for differences in spatial memory of guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from low- and high-predation populations in a maze task. We also measured the time each Fish took to make a decision in the maze, because individuals can show a trade-off between the speed and the accuracy of their decisions during this kind of task. Because brain size can affect cognitive performance, we also measured brain size. There were no differences in the number of errors made or time to find the reward between predation regimes. However, high-predation guppies tended to take longer to make the decision about which maze chamber to enter than low-predation guppies; thus, low-predation guppies were more willing to make quick and potentially inaccurate decisions, a strategy we have termed 'hastiness'. Individuals within populations also varied in hastiness and we found that hasty guppies tended to have smaller telencephalons, the brain region most responsible for spatial memory. There was no difference in brain size in relation to predation regime, although lab-reared Fish had smaller brains than Wild-Caught Fish. This study shows that the careful observation of an animal's strategy for solving spatial problems may reveal subtle differences that are associated with ecology and brain size. © 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
M. Gochfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Exposure of South Carolinians to commercial meats and Fish within their meat and Fish diet.
Science of The Total Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Joanna Burger, S. Boring, C. Dixon, Christine G. Lord, Michael J. Mcmahon, R. Ramos, Sheila Shukla, Christian Jeitner, M. GochfeldAbstract:There has been considerable interest in the public's exposure to a variety of contaminants through the consumption of wild Fish and game, yet there is little information on consumption of commercial meats and Fish, or the relationship between commercial and self-caught Fish. We conducted a dietary survey in 1999 to estimate exposure levels of 464 individuals from people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic. Mean consumption was similar for beef, chicken/turkey, and Wild-Caught Fish, and much lower for pork and store-bought Fish, and still lower for restaurant Fish. There were no ethnic differences in the consumption of most commercial Fish and meats, although the differences for chicken approached significance. There were significant ethnic differences in consumption of Wild-Caught Fish. Women ate significantly less of all meat types, except store-bought Fish. People over 45 ate less beef than younger people, and people younger than 32 ate significantly more chicken than others. There were no significant differences in consumption patterns as a function of income, except for chicken and Wild-Caught Fish; people with higher incomes ate more chicken than others, and people with lower incomes ate more Wild-Caught Fish than others. When all Wild-Caught and commercial Fish and meats are considered, there are significant differences only for ethnicity and gender. Blacks consume significantly more Fish than Whites, and men consume significantly more than women.
-
Role of Wild Game in the Diet of Recreationists in South Carolina
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Joanna Burger, M. GochfeldAbstract:Risk assessors have devoted considerable attention to the consumption of Fish in the diet of recreational and subsistence anglers, but little attention has been directed toward the percentage that wild game contributes to total protein intake for people who engage in hunting and Fishing. While recall studies have limitations, the relative errors should be similar for different types of Fish and game. We interviewed 454 people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic in South Carolina to determine their consumption patterns of domesticated animals, Fish (both Wild-Caught and commercial) and wild game. The percentage of people who consumed each type of meat was: chicken (98%); beef (95%); Wild-Caught Fish (79%); deer (79%); restaurant Fish (73%); pork (71%); dove (47%); commercial Fish (41%); wild turkey (40%), duck, squirrel and self-caught quail (about 25% each); restaurant quail (10%); and raccoon (11%). Although a similar proportion of white respondents and black respondents consumed wild game overall (90%), there were ethnic differences in the number of meals of Wild-Caught Fish and game. Black respondents ate more Wild-Caught Fish, rabbit, raccoon and squirrel, and less deer, than did white respondents. Wild-Caught Fish and game made up 50% of the meat and Fish diet of black sportsmen, but only 32% for whites. Wild-Caught Fish and game were being eaten disproportionately more by low-income black respondents, while more deer was consumed by higher-income black respondents. The data suggest that managers and planners should take into account age, ethnicity and income when (1) conducting exposure assessments, (2) considering consumption patterns for Wild-Caught Fish and game and (3) managing risk from Wild-Caught Fish and game. The data will be especially useful to policy makers and risk managers who are designing consumption advisories, for risk communicators in identifying the target audience and for managers designing long-term stewardship for sites with contamination.
Joanna Burger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Exposure of South Carolinians to commercial meats and Fish within their meat and Fish diet.
Science of The Total Environment, 2002Co-Authors: Joanna Burger, S. Boring, C. Dixon, Christine G. Lord, Michael J. Mcmahon, R. Ramos, Sheila Shukla, Christian Jeitner, M. GochfeldAbstract:There has been considerable interest in the public's exposure to a variety of contaminants through the consumption of wild Fish and game, yet there is little information on consumption of commercial meats and Fish, or the relationship between commercial and self-caught Fish. We conducted a dietary survey in 1999 to estimate exposure levels of 464 individuals from people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic. Mean consumption was similar for beef, chicken/turkey, and Wild-Caught Fish, and much lower for pork and store-bought Fish, and still lower for restaurant Fish. There were no ethnic differences in the consumption of most commercial Fish and meats, although the differences for chicken approached significance. There were significant ethnic differences in consumption of Wild-Caught Fish. Women ate significantly less of all meat types, except store-bought Fish. People over 45 ate less beef than younger people, and people younger than 32 ate significantly more chicken than others. There were no significant differences in consumption patterns as a function of income, except for chicken and Wild-Caught Fish; people with higher incomes ate more chicken than others, and people with lower incomes ate more Wild-Caught Fish than others. When all Wild-Caught and commercial Fish and meats are considered, there are significant differences only for ethnicity and gender. Blacks consume significantly more Fish than Whites, and men consume significantly more than women.
-
Role of Wild Game in the Diet of Recreationists in South Carolina
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Joanna Burger, M. GochfeldAbstract:Risk assessors have devoted considerable attention to the consumption of Fish in the diet of recreational and subsistence anglers, but little attention has been directed toward the percentage that wild game contributes to total protein intake for people who engage in hunting and Fishing. While recall studies have limitations, the relative errors should be similar for different types of Fish and game. We interviewed 454 people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic in South Carolina to determine their consumption patterns of domesticated animals, Fish (both Wild-Caught and commercial) and wild game. The percentage of people who consumed each type of meat was: chicken (98%); beef (95%); Wild-Caught Fish (79%); deer (79%); restaurant Fish (73%); pork (71%); dove (47%); commercial Fish (41%); wild turkey (40%), duck, squirrel and self-caught quail (about 25% each); restaurant quail (10%); and raccoon (11%). Although a similar proportion of white respondents and black respondents consumed wild game overall (90%), there were ethnic differences in the number of meals of Wild-Caught Fish and game. Black respondents ate more Wild-Caught Fish, rabbit, raccoon and squirrel, and less deer, than did white respondents. Wild-Caught Fish and game made up 50% of the meat and Fish diet of black sportsmen, but only 32% for whites. Wild-Caught Fish and game were being eaten disproportionately more by low-income black respondents, while more deer was consumed by higher-income black respondents. The data suggest that managers and planners should take into account age, ethnicity and income when (1) conducting exposure assessments, (2) considering consumption patterns for Wild-Caught Fish and game and (3) managing risk from Wild-Caught Fish and game. The data will be especially useful to policy makers and risk managers who are designing consumption advisories, for risk communicators in identifying the target audience and for managers designing long-term stewardship for sites with contamination.
-
Gender Differences in Meal Patterns: Role of Self-Caught Fish and Wild Game in Meat and Fish Diets
Environmental Research, 2000Co-Authors: Joanna BurgerAbstract:The hypothesis that there are gender differences in consumption patterns of self-caught Fish and wild game in the meat and Fish diet was examined for 415 people attending the Palmetto Sportsmen's Classic in Columbia, South Carolina. Women were less likely to eat most types of wild Fish and game than were men, although there were no gender differences in the percentage eating beef, chicken, pork, and restaurant and store-bought Fish. Similarly, women consumed significantly fewer meals of Wild-Caught Fish and game than did men, although the number of meals of most store-bought foods did not differ. Both men and women who ate more meals of Fish ate a higher percentage of Wild-Caught Fish than either store-bought or restaurant Fish. People with low number of Fish and meat meals ate mainly Fish; people eating over 30 meals of meat and Fish a month ate mainly meat. Only about 9% of those interviewed said that they changed their Fish consumption patterns when they, or their spouse, were pregnant. These gender-specific data on protein consumption can be used for exposure assessment and risk management decisions regarding consumption advisories for Wild-Caught Fish and game.
Ole Jørgen Hanssen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of different allocation methods on LCA results of products from Wild-Caught Fish and on the use of such results
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2011Co-Authors: Erik Svanes, Mie Vold, Ole Jørgen HanssenAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study has been to investigate the effect of different allocation methods on life cycle assessment (LCA) results of products derived from line-caught cod and the consequences of applying these methods considering the main aims of this case study. These aims were for internal improvement work and communication of results to the market. Methods Standard LCA methodology was applied. Mass allocation, economic allocation, a novel hybrid allocation and gross energy content allocation have been tested on a case study, and the results are discussed. In the case study, allocation problems in the studied case arose in the Fishing and processing stages. Avoidance of allocation by splitting of processes, biological causality and system expansion or the avoided product approach was deemed to be not feasible. Results and discussion Economic allocation gave a much larger spread of impacts between the different products than mass allocation, especially for processing residue, due to large price differences. Hybrid allocation gave impacts in between mass and economic allocation because the set factors give a higher value for products that are for human consumption. Energy allocation gave results close to mass allocation because the energy content is quite similar in different species and products. Economic allocation is sensitive to price changes, the others are not. When used for evaluating environmental performance improvement measures that change the relative yields for human consumption and other purposes, the different methods used reflected very different results. When used in communication to the market, the different allocation methods yield results that could lead to different behaviours by market actors. Conclusions The different allocation methods gave very different results for the studied products; hence in order to achieve comparability between products, the same method must be used in all the cases. Different allocation methods might be appropriate for different purposes. For external communication to the market, mass allocation might be the preferred method in most cases. For internal improvement work, both economic and mass allocation could be used, but economic allocation might be the best alternative. The comparability of LCA results of products from Wild-Caught Fish is limited, due to the lack of an agreed standard method. It is recommended to consider the different applications of the results when developing such a method. Different purposes might require different methodological choices, e.g. allocation methodology.
-
Effect of different allocation methods on LCA results of products from Wild-Caught Fish and on the use of such results
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2011Co-Authors: Erik Svanes, Mie Vold, Ole Jørgen HanssenAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study has been to investigate the effect of different allocation methods on life cycle assessment (LCA) results of products derived from line-caught cod and the consequences of applying these methods considering the main aims of this case study. These aims were for internal improvement work and communication of results to the market.