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T S Chandra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ESR spectroscopic study reveals higher free radical quenching potential in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) compared to other millets
Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Pras Hant S Hegde, T S ChandraAbstract:Abstract Six different millets kodo millet ( Paspalum scrobiculatum ), finger millet ( Eleusine coracana ), little millet ( Panicum miliare ), foxtail millet ( Setaria italica ), barnyard millet ( Echinochloa utilis ) and great millet ( Sorghum bicolor ) grown in India and their white varieties were screened for free radical quenching of 1,1, Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by electron spin resonance (ESR). Methanol extracts of the kodo millet flour showed 70% DPPH quenching in comparison to other millet extracts which showed 15–53%. The white varieties of great millet, finger millet and foxtail millet showed lower quenching than their coloured counterparts, indicating that phenolics in the seed coat could be responsible for the antioxidant activities. However, the content of the phenols and tannin in these grains did not correlate with the antioxidant activities. Kodo millet had the highest DPPH quenching activity followed by great millet and finger millet. Cooking of kodo or finger millet by roasting or boiling reduced the activity. Fractionation of kodo millet in to husk and endosperm also decreased the activity and the phytochemicals appear to act synergistically.
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In vivo effect of whole grain flour of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) on rat dermal wound healing
Indian journal of experimental biology, 2005Co-Authors: Pras Hant S Hegde, B Anitha, T S ChandraAbstract:Influence of finger millet and kodo millet on rat dermal wound healing was assessed by making a 4 cm 2 (2 x 2 cm) excision wound on the shaven back of rats under ether anesthesia. Finger millet or kodo millet flour (300 mg) as aqueous paste was applied topically once daily for 16 days. The granulation tissue formed on day 4, 8 and 12 was used to estimate some biochemical parameters like protein, DNA, collagen and lipid peroxides. There was significant increase in protein and collagen contents and decrease in lipid peroxides. Biophysical parameters like rate of contraction and number of days for epithelialization were also studied. Rate of contraction was 88-90% in kodo millet and finger millet treated rats in comparison to 75% in untreated rats. The number of days for complete closure of wounds was lower for finger millet (13 days) and kodo millet (14 days) treated rats in comparison to untreated (16 days) rats. The results implicate a possible therapeutical role for finger millet and kodo millet in accelerating the process of wound healing.
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esr spectroscopic studies on free radical quenching action of finger millet eleusine coracana
Food Chemistry, 1996Co-Authors: G Sripriya, V. S. S. Yerramilli Murty, Kesavadas Chandrasekharan, T S ChandraAbstract:The free radical quenching action of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) on 1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (5.407×1017 spins/ml−1) and hydroxyl (0.6015×1015 spins /ml−1) radicals was studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. A 10 ml concentrate of the methanol extract was prepared using 25 g of the cereal grains and all analysis done after 1:10 dilution. DPPH radical quenching with 50 μl of the extracts showed that the brown finger millet quenched 94% whereas the white finger millet quenched only 4%. The phenolic content of brown finger millet was 96% higher than the white variety. Processing of the brown finger millet by germination and/or fermentation decreased the quenching activity. In comparison, foxtail millet, pearl millet and sorghum, quenched 91, 59 and 52 percent respectively, while wheat, rice (dehusked) and rice husk quenched 18, 1.8 and 20% respectively. Brown finger millet (50 μl) also quenched 77% of hydroxyl radicals. The results indicate that finger millet is a potent source of antioxidant compounds.
Wader Quest - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Willet tringa semipalmata status update in southeastern south america
2014Co-Authors: Natalia S Martinezcurci, Adrian B Azpiroz, Andros T Gianuca, Dimas Gianuca, Rick E Simpson, Rafael Antunes Dias, Investigaciones Cientificas, Boulevard Brown, Wader QuestAbstract:We reevaluated the status of Willets (Tringa semipalmata) in southeastern South America on the basis of new observations and reviews of literature and on-line ornithological databases. Despite rel- atively few previous reports, our new data indicate that Willets are regularly present in low numbers in the region. Both Eastern (T. s. semipalmata) and Western (T. s. inornata) Willet subspecies were recorded in our study area. We extended the Western Willet's known wintering range southward reporting new records from Buenos Aires province in Argentina, Maldonado and Montevideo departments in Uruguay, and Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states in Brazil. We confirmed the presence of Eastern Willet for the first time in Uruguay and added new reports for Argentina and Brazil. Finally, we provided the first records of over-summering Western and Eastern Willets remaining in southeastern South America dur-
Marc Vandeputte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how to genetically increase fillet yield in fish relevant genetic parameters and methods to predict genetic gain
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: Clemence Fraslin, Pierrick Haffray, Anastasia Bestin, Marc Vandeputte, Francois Allal, Martin Kocour, Martin Prchal, Mathilde DupontnivetAbstract:Abstract Fillet yield (i.e. the proportion of edible muscle in a fish) is a key economic trait for species sold as fillets. Its genetic improvement is complicated by several of its characteristics 1) it is a ratio trait, 2) its numerator (fillet weight) and denominator (body weight) are strongly correlated (correlations in the range 0.89–0.99), 3) it offers little phenotypic variation and 4) it cannot be measured on alive breeding candidates. In a former study, we showed that it could be improved by selection, especially with three selection indices, fillet yield, residual fillet weight and a ratio-specific linear index. However, it is well known that the heritability of ratio traits does not permit a reliable prediction of genetic gains. As predictability of genetic gains is a key requirement to define breeding programs, we investigated how genetic gains in fillet yield could be predicted by the genetic parameters of fillet yield, of residual fillet weight and of the component traits of the linear index. To this end, we compared simulated genetic gains with those estimated by classical prediction methods. This was done using real sets of genetic parameters obtained in nine populations of rainbow trout, European sea bass, gilthead sea bream and common carp. We show that the genetic parameters of fillet yield cannot be used to reliably predict genetic gains in fillet yield. Conversely, selection index theory using a linear index, combining either fillet weight and body weight or fillet weight and waste weight, provides almost perfect prediction of gains. Still, it is highly sensitive to the precision of the genetic and phenotypic correlations estimates, which should not be rounded to less than three decimals for fillet weight and body weight, while two decimals are appropriate for fillet weight and waste weight. A simple, reasonably precise alternative to the linear index is the use of residual fillet weight (the residual of the regression of fillet weight on body weight) as a surrogate for fillet yield.
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how to genetically increase fillet yield in fish new insights from simulations based on field data
Aquaculture, 2018Co-Authors: Clemence Fraslin, Mathilde Dupontnivet, Pierrick Haffray, Anastasia Bestin, Marc VandeputteAbstract:Abstract Fillet yield (i.e. the proportion of edible flesh from a given amount of fish) is a trait of high economic interest for species sold as fillets. Improving it by selective breeding is not an easy task, as it is a ratio trait, which causes mathematical difficulties. It is moreover a specific ratio where numerator (fillet weight) and denominator (body weight) are very strongly correlated (genetic and phenotypic correlations in the range 0.89–0.99). This led some authors to conclude that they have the same genetic and phenotypic basis, precluding selection for improved fillet yield. In this study, we propose to study fillet yield as a component of two traits, fillet weight and waste weight (waste weight = body weight-fillet weight, so the sum of head, bones, fins and viscera weight), which we expect to be less correlated. Using data from 5 batches of fish from 3 species (sea bass, sea bream, rainbow trout), we show that as expected, fillet weight and waste weight are less correlated than fillet weight and body weight (on average, rA = 0.91 and rP = 0.88 vs. rA = 0.987, rP = 0.981). We used stochastic simulation to generate genotypes and phenotypes of fish using those genetic parameters for fillet weight and waste weight. We simulated 10 generations of selection for increased fillet yield using nine selection indices. Five indices had rather similar performances, residual fillet weight (the residual of the regression of fillet weight to body weight), fillet yield, fillet to waste ratio, restricted selection index (a linear index aimed at improving fillet weight while keeping waste weight constant) and linear index (optimized to improve fillet/waste ratio). With these indices, the average selection gain was + 0.66% of fillet yield per generation (range 0.30 to 0.95% using real genetic parameters from 5 fish batches). Selection for the difference between fillet weight and waste weight was 30% less efficient, while selection for increased fillet weight or increased body weight was 55–65% less efficient. Selection against waste weight had a null or even negative impact on fillet yield. Factors favorable to higher selection gains are low initial fillet yield, different heritabilities and CVs of fillet weight and waste weight, low genetic correlation and high phenotypic correlation of fillet weight and waste weight. These results suggest that although fillet weight and body weight are strongly correlated and proportional to each other, moderate selection gains on fillet yield are possible. We consider it would be useful to add waste weight in the parameters recorded in future genetic studies on fillet yield.
Peter P. Marra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A green wave of saltmarsh productivity predicts the timing of the annual cycle in a long-distance migratory shorebird.
Scientific reports, 2020Co-Authors: Joseph M. Smith, Kevin Regan, Nathan W. Cooper, Luanne Johnson, Elizabeth S. Olson, Ashley Green, Jeff Tash, David C. Evers, Peter P. MarraAbstract:Understanding how migratory animals respond to spatial and temporal variation in habitat phenology is critical for identifying selection pressures and tradeoffs at different life history stages. We examined the influence of breeding habitat phenology on life history timing of the eastern Willet (Tringa semipalmata semipalmata) across a latitudinal gradient of breeding sites on the east coast of North America. To describe migration and life history timing, we deployed light-level geolocators on Willets at breeding sites in New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maine, USA and evaluated additional data on life history timing and migratory connectivity from previous studies, eBird and band recoveries. Willets from Nova Scotia to Georgia winter exclusively on the Atlantic coast of northern South America and share common stopover sites. The timing of wintering site departure, breeding site arrival, nesting and southbound departure was later for birds breeding at higher latitudes while the duration of all life phases was similar across sites. Regardless of latitude, nesting corresponded with a consistent stage of seasonal salt marsh biomass accumulation and with peak spring temperature acceleration (GDD jerk). Temperature acceleration and salt marsh biomass were closely correlated with each other across the 11° latitudinal gradient we examined and with the timing of nest initiation across the northern 6° of this gradient. For this northern 6° of latitude, these results suggest that the timing of migration and breeding events in the annual cycle of eastern Willets is constrained by a phenological "green wave" of spring salt marsh productivity at breeding sites.
Dias, Rafael A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Willet (Tringa semipalmata) status update in southeastern South America
Neotropical Ornithological Society, 2014Co-Authors: Martínez Curci, Natalia Soledad, Azpiroz, Alejandra Elizabeth, Gianuca, Andros T., Gianuca Dimas, Simpson, Rick E., Dias, Rafael A.Abstract:Se reevaluó el estatus del Playero Ala Blanca (Tringa semipalmata) en el sudeste de Sudamérica, sobre la base de nuevas observaciones, revisiones de literatura y de bases de datos ornitológicos en línea. Pese a los escasos reportes previos, nueva información sugiere que el Playero Ala Blanca es de presencia regular, si bien en bajos números, en la región. En el área se registraron tanto la subespecie oriental (T. s. semipalmata) como la occidental (T. s. inornata), lo cual extiende hacia el sur el rango conocido de distribución no reproductiva del Playero Ala Blanca Occidental: reportando nuevos registros para la Provincia de Buenos Aires en Argentina, los Departamentos de Montevideo y Maldonado en Uruguay y el Estado de Rio Grande do Sul en Brasil. Confirmamos la presencia del Playero Ala Blanca Oriental por primera vez en Uruguay y proporcionamos nuevos registros de esta subespecie para Argentina y Brasil. Finalmente, aportamos los primeros registros de sobre-veraneantes de las razas Oriental y Occidental para el cono sur.We reevaluated the status of Willets (Tringa semipalmata) in southeastern South America on the basis of new observations and reviews of literature and on-line ornithological databases. Despite relatively few previous reports, our new data indicate that Willets are regularly present in low numbers in the region. Both Eastern (T. s. semipalmata) and Western (T. s. inornata) Willet subspecies were recorded in our study area. We extended the Western Willet’s known wintering range southward reporting new records from Buenos Aires province in Argentina, Maldonado and Montevideo departments in Uruguay, and Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states in Brazil. We confirmed the presence of Eastern Willet for the first time in Uruguay and added new reports for Argentina and Brazil. Finally, we provided the first records of over-summering Western and Eastern Willets remaining in southeastern South America during the Austral winter.Fil: Martínez Curci, Natalia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Azpiroz, Alejandra Elizabeth. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas "Clemente Estable"; UruguayFil: Gianuca, Andros T.. Katholikie Universiteit Leuven; BélgicaFil: Gianuca, Dimas. Projeto Albatroz; BrasilFil: Simpson, Rick E.. Wader Quest; Reino UnidoFil: Dias, Rafael A.. Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Brasi