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Gilberto Pasinelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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patterns of predator behaviour and Wood Warbler phylloscopus sibilatrix nest survival in a primaeval forest
Ibis, 2019Co-Authors: Tomasz Wesolowski, Marta Maziarz, Richard K Broughton, Alex Grendelmeier, Raphaёl Arlettaz, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Understanding the foraging behaviour of predators is key to interpreting the role of anti‐predator adaptations of birds in reducing nest losses. Conducting research in primaeval habitats, with a low level of direct human interference, is particularly valuable in the understanding of predator–prey interactions. Using nest cameras, we investigated the identity and behaviour of potential and actual predators appearing at Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix nests, and the importance of different predator groups for nest survival, in the primaeval part of Bialowieza Forest (Poland). Mammals formed the main predator group (30 of 32 nest depredations), particularly medium‐sized carnivores (24 of 32), which attacked nests more frequently than merely passing by. This contrasted with other species, especially small rodents, which were commonly recorded near nests but rarely attacked them. Most nest attacks (22 of 32) took place at night and nest survival did not depend on nest visibility, indicating a reduced utility of nest concealment in defence against predators using mainly sound or olfaction when hunting. Daily nest survival declined strongly with nest progression (from egg‐laying to fledging of chicks), probably due to increased predator detection of nests containing older and louder chicks, rather than to increasing parental activity at nests during the day. The set of actual nest predators differed from some previous studies in human‐transformed habitats, showing that Wood Warblers may face different threats in modified vs. near‐pristine environments.
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Occupancy dynamics of the Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix assessed with habitat and remote sensing data
Ibis, 2017Co-Authors: Nica Huber, Marc Kéry, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:The study of population dynamics and species–habitat interactions is important for many ecological and conservation issues. We analysed the occupancy dynamics of the Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix, a forest interior passerine that has suffered long-term declines in many European countries. Considering a broad range of habitat descriptors, including LiDAR-based variables characterizing forest structure, we identified environmental factors influencing the probabilities of occupancy, colonization, extinction and detection, and mapped these probabilities at a landscape scale. We used presence–absence data collected between 1999 and 2013 in a robust-design protocol with replicated surveys within each primary sampling season (i.e. breeding season). To analyse occupancy dynamics, we fitted dynamic occupancy models with covariates describing topography, forest extent and structure, soil, seed masting (as a proxy for rodent abundance) and weather conditions during settlement. Initial occupancy was positively related to slope, forest cover and the proportion of broadleaf forest, and negatively related to forest edge length, canopy height variation and soil nutrients. Colonization probability was positively associated with slope and negatively with canopy height variation and soil nutrients. Extinction probability was negatively related to slope, positively related to forest edge length and was lowest at intermediate vegetation heights. Detection probability decreased during the season and was positively related to forest cover. This study provides insights into the settlement dynamics of a declining forest species by identifying potential drivers of the processes underlying occupancy dynamics, instead of simply modelling species abundance or occurrence. Forest-related covariates were of overwhelming importance for the settlement dynamics of the Wood Warbler. Conservation measures should focus on providing and maintaining the species' preferred forest structure, specifically in extended forests. In Switzerland, forests located on slopes and on nutrient-poor soils should be prioritized for conservation. Finally, comparing findings derived from the relatively coarse scale of this study with those from the small scale of individual territories suggests that conservation recommendations deduced from large-scale monitoring schemes alone may be incomplete, and vice versa.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Reproductive Performance of a Declining Forest Passerine in Relation to Environmental and Social Factors: Implications for Species Conservation
2016Co-Authors: Alex Grendelmeier, Michael Gerber, Raphaël Arlettaz, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Identifying factors influencing a species ' ecological niche and demography is a prerequisite for species conservation. However, our understanding of the interplay between demo-graphic rates and biotic/abiotic factors is still poor for most species of conservation concern. We evaluated relevance of eight hypotheses relating to timing of breeding, temporal nest exposure, nest concealment, topography, tree structure, predation risk and disturbance, density dependence and weather for explaining variation in reproductive performance of the declining Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix in northern Switzerland. Reproductive performance was monitored with cameras at 136 nests from 2010 to 2012 and was associ-ated to temporal exposure, timing of breeding and concealment of nests. Daily nest survival was positively related to the number of grass and sedge tussocks, nest concealment and nest age. Clutch size and number of fledglings decreased, the later in the season a nest was initiated. Nest survival over an average nesting period of 31 days was 46.9 ± 0.07% (mean ± SE), daily nest survival rate was 0.976 ± 0.002. As for many ground-breeding birds, nest predation was the principal cause of nest failure, accounting for 79 % of all nest losses. Conservation measures should aim at increasing the area of relatively homogenous forest stands featuring suitable habitats characterized by abundant and accessible grass and sedge tussocks. In managed forests, such conditions can be found in stands of middle age (i.e. pole Wood) with little to no shrub layer
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Rodent-avoidance, topography and forest structure shape territory selection of a forest bird
BMC Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Gilberto Pasinelli, Michael Gerber, Alex Grendelmeier, Raphaël ArlettazAbstract:Background Understanding the factors underlying habitat selection is important in ecological and evolutionary contexts, and crucial for developing targeted conservation action in threatened species. However, the key factors associated to habitat selection often remain poorly known. We evaluated hypotheses related to abiotic and biotic factors thought to affect territory selection of the Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix , a passerine living in an unpredictable environment owing to irregular rodent outbreaks and showing long-term declines particularly in Western Europe. Results Comparing breeding territories to unoccupied areas located close-by revealed that territory occupancy in north-western Switzerland was positively related to slope steepness (topographic hypothesis supported) as well as to numbers of tussocks and trees, respectively, while it showed a unimodal relationship to cover of herb layer (forest structure hypothesis supported). Furthermore, a strong negative correlation between breeding territory occupancy and rodent numbers was found, suggesting that Wood Warblers avoid areas with high rodent densities (rodent-avoidance hypothesis supported). Comparing breeding territories to abandoned territories showed that breeding territories were located on steeper slopes (topography hypothesis supported), at larger distance from the forest edge (anthropogenic disturbance hypothesis supported) and harboured more trees (forest structure hypothesis supported) than abandoned territories. Conclusions Aside from structural and topographic features of the habitat, Wood Warblers are affected by rodent numbers when settling, making habitat selection unpredictable from year to year. Forestry practices promoting relatively high tree densities, few bushes and an intermediate low-growing ground vegetation cover would enhance habitat quality for this declining passerine. In contrast, forestry practices aiming at increasing light in forests (selective thinning, group-felling) or keeping forest stands permanently covered with shrubs, bushes and trees of various sizes (continuous cover forestry) do not benefit the Wood Warbler.
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Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 fledglings
2016Co-Authors: Alexander Grendelmeier, Raphaël Arlettaz, Michael Gerber, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 fledgling
John W. Mallord - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatial behavior and habitat use in widely separated breeding and wintering distributions across three species of long distance migrant phylloscopus Warblers
Ecology and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Mathilde Lerchejorgensen, John W. Mallord, Christopher J Orsman, Mikkel Willemoes, Japheth T Roberts, Roger Q Skeen, Daniel P Eskildsen, Volker Salewski, Anders P Tottrup, Kasper ThorupAbstract:Aim: To investigate the ecological relationship between breeding and wintering in specialist and generalist long-distance migratory species, and the links between densities and range sizes. Location: Denmark, Senegal and Ghana. Methods: We use radio tracking to study spatial behavior and habitat use in three morphologically and ecologically similar and closely related Phylloscopus species on their widely separated breeding and wintering distributions. During wintering and breeding, willow Warblers P. trochilus (winter: n = 9, breeding: n = 13), chiffchaffs P. collybita (n = 11, n = 7), and Wood Warblers P. sibilatrix (n = 17, n = 14) were tracked. Results: Willow Warblers P. trochilus increased home range sizes in winter, whereas it was similar in chiffchaffs P. collybita and Wood Warblers P. sibilatrix, in both seasons. Home ranges overlapped more in winter than in the breeding season. In winter, home range overlap was similar among species but larger overlap during breeding was indicated for willow Warblers. Tree cover was unrelated to home range size but significantly higher in breeding than in winter in all species. However, whereas willow Warblers and Wood Warblers maintained some degree of tall tree cover inside their home ranges in winter, chiffchaffs changed from more than 80% to <1% tree cover, indicating a niche shift. Main conclusions: Individuals of all three species showed changes between breeding and wintering areas in spatial behavior and habitat availability, with larger overlap in winter. The differences in patterns were potentially related to being generalist (willow Warbler) or specialist (chiffchaff and Wood Warbler). These ecological relationships are important for the conservation of migrants and for understanding the link between breeding and wintering distributions and ecology.
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apparent resilience of a declining afro palaearctic migrant to forest loss on the wintering grounds
Ibis, 2018Co-Authors: John W. Mallord, Christopher J Orsman, Japheth T Roberts, Roger Q Skeen, Kwame Boafo, Danae K Sheehan, Juliet A VickeryAbstract:Populations of long-distance migrant birds are declining but it is unknown what role land cover change in non-breeding areas may be playing in this process. Using compositional analysis, we assessed habitat selection by one such migrant, the Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix, at a wintering site in the forest–savannah transition zone in Eastern Region, Ghana. There was a preference for forest, a habitat that is in marked decline at this site. Annual habitat mapping revealed that the area of forest declined by 26% between 2011/12 and 2013/14, mainly through clearance for conversion to arable land. Numbers of birds changed throughout the season, but despite the reduction in the preferred forest habitat, there was no change in the total number of birds recorded at the site over the study period. The number of birds recorded at a point was positively related to the proportion of cleared land, plantation and, to a lesser extent, dense forest within 100 m. Investigation of the fine-scale habitat preferences of radiotagged Wood Warblers suggested that there was an optimum number of trees, around 66–143 per hectare, at which estimated probability of occupancy was 0.5, falling to a probability of 0.2 at 25 trees per hectare. We suggest that Wood Warblers may be buffered against the loss of forest habitat by their ability to utilize degraded habitats, such as well-Wooded farmland, that still retain a substantial number of trees. However, the continued loss of trees, from both forest and farmland is ultimately likely to have a negative impact on wintering Wood Warblers in the long-term.
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correction to nest predation and the influence of habitat structure on nest predation of Wood Warbler phylloscopus sibilatrix a ground nesting forest passerine
Journal of Ornithology, 2018Co-Authors: Paul E Bellamy, John W. Mallord, Christopher J Orsman, Andrew Cristinacce, Malcolm D. Burgess, Tony Davis, Philip V Grice, Elisabeth C CharmanAbstract:In the original publication of the article, there is a misalignment of the last two columns in table 2. The correct Table 2 is provided below.
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habitat characteristics of wintering Wood Warbler phylloscopus sibilatrix in the centre region of cameroon conservation implications
Ostrich, 2017Co-Authors: Taku Awa, Tsi A Evaristus, Robin C Whytock, Tsetagho Guilain, John W. MallordAbstract:Populations of many Afro-Palearctic birds have declined, with those wintering in sub-Saharan Africa, such as Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix, particularly affected. In this study we investigat...
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diet flexibility in a declining long distance migrant may allow it to escape the consequences of phenological mismatch with its caterpillar food supply
Ibis, 2017Co-Authors: John W. Mallord, Christopher J Orsman, Andrew Cristinacce, Tim J Stowe, Elisabeth C Charman, Richard D GregoryAbstract:Climate-driven shifts in prey phenology may lead to asynchrony with the timing of peak resource requirements of their predators, leading to a reduction in productivity and population declines. Migrant species that cannot adjust their arrival times may be particularly at risk, especially those that breed in seasonal environments and for which a temporarily super-abundant prey source is important, such as insectivorous passerine birds that take advantage of the seasonal flush of caterpillars to feed their young. We assess whether population declines of the trans-Saharan migratory Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix are likely to have been caused by phenological mismatch. We measured seasonal invertebrate biomass and various fitness parameters, including the timing of breeding and breeding success, in two time periods: 1982–1984, prior to the species’ decline in the UK, and 2009–2011, as the reduction in numbers continued. Although birds bred on average a week earlier in 2009–2011 than in 1982–1984, this was not adequate to track the more rapid advancement of peak caterpillar biomass, which advanced by 12 days and was closely correlated with spring temperatures. Moreover, although caterpillars were the dominant prey fed to nestlings, there was only limited evidence that productivity was positively related to caterpillar biomass in the environment. Considering only successful nests, synchrony with the food peak did not produce heavier nestlings and had only a small positive effect on fledging success, although there was a seasonal decline in productivity when all nests were considered. We conclude that the lack of a marked effect of the observed mismatch is due to Wood Warblers’ generalist diet, enabling them to breed successfully on prey other than caterpillars. Although other studies have demonstrated that climate-driven asynchrony of predator and prey populations can have impacts on avian demography, this study highlights the importance of investigating the generality of those findings.
Raphaël Arlettaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Reproductive Performance of a Declining Forest Passerine in Relation to Environmental and Social Factors: Implications for Species Conservation
2016Co-Authors: Alex Grendelmeier, Michael Gerber, Raphaël Arlettaz, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Identifying factors influencing a species ' ecological niche and demography is a prerequisite for species conservation. However, our understanding of the interplay between demo-graphic rates and biotic/abiotic factors is still poor for most species of conservation concern. We evaluated relevance of eight hypotheses relating to timing of breeding, temporal nest exposure, nest concealment, topography, tree structure, predation risk and disturbance, density dependence and weather for explaining variation in reproductive performance of the declining Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix in northern Switzerland. Reproductive performance was monitored with cameras at 136 nests from 2010 to 2012 and was associ-ated to temporal exposure, timing of breeding and concealment of nests. Daily nest survival was positively related to the number of grass and sedge tussocks, nest concealment and nest age. Clutch size and number of fledglings decreased, the later in the season a nest was initiated. Nest survival over an average nesting period of 31 days was 46.9 ± 0.07% (mean ± SE), daily nest survival rate was 0.976 ± 0.002. As for many ground-breeding birds, nest predation was the principal cause of nest failure, accounting for 79 % of all nest losses. Conservation measures should aim at increasing the area of relatively homogenous forest stands featuring suitable habitats characterized by abundant and accessible grass and sedge tussocks. In managed forests, such conditions can be found in stands of middle age (i.e. pole Wood) with little to no shrub layer
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Rodent-avoidance, topography and forest structure shape territory selection of a forest bird
BMC Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Gilberto Pasinelli, Michael Gerber, Alex Grendelmeier, Raphaël ArlettazAbstract:Background Understanding the factors underlying habitat selection is important in ecological and evolutionary contexts, and crucial for developing targeted conservation action in threatened species. However, the key factors associated to habitat selection often remain poorly known. We evaluated hypotheses related to abiotic and biotic factors thought to affect territory selection of the Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix , a passerine living in an unpredictable environment owing to irregular rodent outbreaks and showing long-term declines particularly in Western Europe. Results Comparing breeding territories to unoccupied areas located close-by revealed that territory occupancy in north-western Switzerland was positively related to slope steepness (topographic hypothesis supported) as well as to numbers of tussocks and trees, respectively, while it showed a unimodal relationship to cover of herb layer (forest structure hypothesis supported). Furthermore, a strong negative correlation between breeding territory occupancy and rodent numbers was found, suggesting that Wood Warblers avoid areas with high rodent densities (rodent-avoidance hypothesis supported). Comparing breeding territories to abandoned territories showed that breeding territories were located on steeper slopes (topography hypothesis supported), at larger distance from the forest edge (anthropogenic disturbance hypothesis supported) and harboured more trees (forest structure hypothesis supported) than abandoned territories. Conclusions Aside from structural and topographic features of the habitat, Wood Warblers are affected by rodent numbers when settling, making habitat selection unpredictable from year to year. Forestry practices promoting relatively high tree densities, few bushes and an intermediate low-growing ground vegetation cover would enhance habitat quality for this declining passerine. In contrast, forestry practices aiming at increasing light in forests (selective thinning, group-felling) or keeping forest stands permanently covered with shrubs, bushes and trees of various sizes (continuous cover forestry) do not benefit the Wood Warbler.
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Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 fledglings
2016Co-Authors: Alexander Grendelmeier, Raphaël Arlettaz, Michael Gerber, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 fledgling
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Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 clutch size
2016Co-Authors: Alexander Grendelmeier, Raphaël Arlettaz, Michael Gerber, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 clutch siz
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Variables used in the modeling of components of reproductive performance in the Swiss Wood Warbler.
2015Co-Authors: Alex Grendelmeier, Michael Gerber, Raphaël Arlettaz, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:* refer to Fig 1 for scale description# Glutz von Blotzheim et al. 1991° own data† see [81] for trap comparison§ all variables derived based on data obtain from SMI-MeteoSwiss stations (Buchs AG, Delemont JU, Glarus GL, Rünenberg BL, Wynau BE, Güttingen TG), which were on average 12.7 km away from study areas± 1) pre-laying: period of 7 days before egg laying started; 2) pre-incubation: period of 7 days before egg-laying phase, plus the egg-laying phase (clutch size dependent); 3) rearing: period between hatching and fledging.Variables used in the modeling of components of reproductive performance in the Swiss Wood Warbler.
Daniel J Mennill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the evolution of Wood Warbler flight calls species with similar migrations produce acoustically similar calls
Evolution, 2021Co-Authors: Zach G Gayk, Richard K Simpson, Daniel J MennillAbstract:Diverse animal species engage in long-distance migrations. Many migrants travel in groups, and communication within these groups may be important to survival and successful migration. We examined migration and communication in 36 species of Wood Warblers (Parulidae), songbirds that breed in North America and migrate in mixed-species flocks to their wintering grounds. During migration, Wood Warblers produce short vocalizations called "flight calls." The function of flight calls and the patterns of acoustic similarity between species are poorly understood. We investigated whether acoustic similarity of flight calls of different species of Warbler reflects the similarity in their migratory journeys or their phylogenetic relatedness. We found that phylogeny, similarity in breeding latitude, and overlap in the timing of migration predict acoustic flight call similarity across Warbler species. Further, we found that phylogeny, similarity in migration distance, and overlap in wintering range predict acoustic flight call similarity in a subset of 12 species with highly similar calls, although this analysis has a small sample size. We conclude that migratory similarity may be an important force driving the evolution of acoustically similar calls in Wood Warblers, in addition to phylogenetic relatedness. Acoustic convergence in these species may facilitate communication between individuals with similar migrations.
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decoding the zeep complex quantitative analysis of interspecific variation in the nocturnal flight calls of nine Wood Warbler species parulidae spp
Bioacoustics-the International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording, 2019Co-Authors: Blaine Landsborough, Jennifer R Foote, Daniel J MennillAbstract:ABSTRACTThe “zeep” complex consists of nine birds that produce nocturnal flight calls with similar acoustic features. Our inability to distinguish these calls inhibits the acoustic monitoring of these species. We test the hypothesis that flight calls of nine Warblers in the “zeep” complex show sufficient acoustic differences to allow differentiation. We investigate divergence in these vocalizations by recording birds held for banding and collecting additional recordings from sound libraries. We used three approaches to compare calls between species: analysis of variance in acoustic properties, discriminant analysis of acoustic properties, and spectrographic cross-correlation. The first approach revealed five species that were different in one or more acoustic properties. The second approach revealed a level of assignment to the correct species (73%) that exceeded levels expected by chance (36%). The third approach revealed calls of seven species to be significantly more similar to conspecific calls than h...
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decoding the zeep complex quantitative analysis of interspecific variation in the nocturnal flight calls of nine Wood Warbler species parulidae spp
Bioacoustics-the International Journal of Animal Sound and Its Recording, 2019Co-Authors: Blaine Landsborough, Jennifer R Foote, Daniel J MennillAbstract:The “zeep” complex consists of nine birds that produce nocturnal flight calls with similar acoustic features. Our inability to distinguish these calls inhibits the acoustic monitoring of these spec...
Michael Gerber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Reproductive Performance of a Declining Forest Passerine in Relation to Environmental and Social Factors: Implications for Species Conservation
2016Co-Authors: Alex Grendelmeier, Michael Gerber, Raphaël Arlettaz, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Identifying factors influencing a species ' ecological niche and demography is a prerequisite for species conservation. However, our understanding of the interplay between demo-graphic rates and biotic/abiotic factors is still poor for most species of conservation concern. We evaluated relevance of eight hypotheses relating to timing of breeding, temporal nest exposure, nest concealment, topography, tree structure, predation risk and disturbance, density dependence and weather for explaining variation in reproductive performance of the declining Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix in northern Switzerland. Reproductive performance was monitored with cameras at 136 nests from 2010 to 2012 and was associ-ated to temporal exposure, timing of breeding and concealment of nests. Daily nest survival was positively related to the number of grass and sedge tussocks, nest concealment and nest age. Clutch size and number of fledglings decreased, the later in the season a nest was initiated. Nest survival over an average nesting period of 31 days was 46.9 ± 0.07% (mean ± SE), daily nest survival rate was 0.976 ± 0.002. As for many ground-breeding birds, nest predation was the principal cause of nest failure, accounting for 79 % of all nest losses. Conservation measures should aim at increasing the area of relatively homogenous forest stands featuring suitable habitats characterized by abundant and accessible grass and sedge tussocks. In managed forests, such conditions can be found in stands of middle age (i.e. pole Wood) with little to no shrub layer
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Rodent-avoidance, topography and forest structure shape territory selection of a forest bird
BMC Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Gilberto Pasinelli, Michael Gerber, Alex Grendelmeier, Raphaël ArlettazAbstract:Background Understanding the factors underlying habitat selection is important in ecological and evolutionary contexts, and crucial for developing targeted conservation action in threatened species. However, the key factors associated to habitat selection often remain poorly known. We evaluated hypotheses related to abiotic and biotic factors thought to affect territory selection of the Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix , a passerine living in an unpredictable environment owing to irregular rodent outbreaks and showing long-term declines particularly in Western Europe. Results Comparing breeding territories to unoccupied areas located close-by revealed that territory occupancy in north-western Switzerland was positively related to slope steepness (topographic hypothesis supported) as well as to numbers of tussocks and trees, respectively, while it showed a unimodal relationship to cover of herb layer (forest structure hypothesis supported). Furthermore, a strong negative correlation between breeding territory occupancy and rodent numbers was found, suggesting that Wood Warblers avoid areas with high rodent densities (rodent-avoidance hypothesis supported). Comparing breeding territories to abandoned territories showed that breeding territories were located on steeper slopes (topography hypothesis supported), at larger distance from the forest edge (anthropogenic disturbance hypothesis supported) and harboured more trees (forest structure hypothesis supported) than abandoned territories. Conclusions Aside from structural and topographic features of the habitat, Wood Warblers are affected by rodent numbers when settling, making habitat selection unpredictable from year to year. Forestry practices promoting relatively high tree densities, few bushes and an intermediate low-growing ground vegetation cover would enhance habitat quality for this declining passerine. In contrast, forestry practices aiming at increasing light in forests (selective thinning, group-felling) or keeping forest stands permanently covered with shrubs, bushes and trees of various sizes (continuous cover forestry) do not benefit the Wood Warbler.
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Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 fledglings
2016Co-Authors: Alexander Grendelmeier, Raphaël Arlettaz, Michael Gerber, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 fledgling
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Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 clutch size
2016Co-Authors: Alexander Grendelmeier, Raphaël Arlettaz, Michael Gerber, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:Wood Warbler data 2010-2012 clutch siz
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Variables used in the modeling of components of reproductive performance in the Swiss Wood Warbler.
2015Co-Authors: Alex Grendelmeier, Michael Gerber, Raphaël Arlettaz, Gilberto PasinelliAbstract:* refer to Fig 1 for scale description# Glutz von Blotzheim et al. 1991° own data† see [81] for trap comparison§ all variables derived based on data obtain from SMI-MeteoSwiss stations (Buchs AG, Delemont JU, Glarus GL, Rünenberg BL, Wynau BE, Güttingen TG), which were on average 12.7 km away from study areas± 1) pre-laying: period of 7 days before egg laying started; 2) pre-incubation: period of 7 days before egg-laying phase, plus the egg-laying phase (clutch size dependent); 3) rearing: period between hatching and fledging.Variables used in the modeling of components of reproductive performance in the Swiss Wood Warbler.
