The Experts below are selected from a list of 4191 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Arthur Wingfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acoustic masking disrupts time-dependent mechanisms of memory encoding in Word-List Recall
Memory & Cognition, 2014Co-Authors: Katheryn A. Q. Cousins, Arthur Wingfield, Paul MillerAbstract:Recall of recently heard Words is affected by the clarity of presentation: Even if all Words are presented with sufficient clarity for successful recognition, those that are more difficult to hear are less likely to be Recalled. Such a result demonstrates that memory processing depends on more than whether a Word is simply “recognized” versus “not recognized.” More surprising is that, when a single item in a List of spoken Words is acoustically masked, prior Words that were heard with full clarity are also less likely to be Recalled. To account for such a phenomenon, we developed the linking-by-active-maintenance model (LAMM). This computational model of perception and encoding predicts that these effects will be time dependent. Here we challenged our model by investigating whether and how the impact of acoustic masking on memory depends on presentation rate. We found that a slower presentation rate causes a more disruptive impact of stimulus degradation on prior, clearly heard Words than does a fast rate. These results are unexpected according to prior theories of effortful Listening, but we demonstrated that they can be accounted for by LAMM.
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Effects of adult aging on utilization of temporal and semantic associations during free and serial Recall.
Memory & cognition, 2008Co-Authors: Julie D. Golomb, Jonathan E. Peelle, Kelly M. Addis, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Older adults show poorer performance than young adults at Word List Recall, especially for order information. In contrast with this temporal association deficit, older adults are generally adept at using preexisting semantic associations, when present, to aid Recall. We compared the use of temporal and semantic associations in young and older adults’ Word List Recall following both free Recall and serial Recall instructions. Decomposition of serial position curves confirmed that older adults showed weakened use of temporal context in Recall in relation to young adults, a difference that was amplified in serial Recall. Older adults’ temporal associations were also less effective than young adults’ when correlated with serial Recall performance. The differential age decrement for serial versus free Recall was accompanied by a persistent influence of latent semantic associations in the older adults, even when maladaptive for serial Recall.
Vaibhav A Narayan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a computerized self administered test of verbal episodic memory in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment and healthy participants a randomized crossover validation study
Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring, 2018Co-Authors: Randall L Morrison, Huiling Pei, Gerald Novak, Daniel I Kaufer, Kathleen A Welshbohmer, Stephen Ruhmel, Vaibhav A NarayanAbstract:Abstract Introduction Performance of “Revere”, a novel iPad-administered Word-List Recall (WLR) test, in quantifying deficits in verbal episodic memory, was evaluated versus examiner-administered Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) in patients with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal participants. Methods Elderly patients with clinically diagnosed mild cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score 24–27) and cognitively normal (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score ≥28) were administered RAVLT or Revere in a randomized crossover design. Results A total of 153/161 participants (Revere/RAVLT n = 75; RAVLT/Revere n = 78) were randomized; 148 (97%) completed study; 121 patients (mean [standard deviation] age: 70.4 [7.84] years) were included for analysis. Word-List Recall scores (8 trials) were comparable between Revere and RAVLT (Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.12–0.70; least square mean difference [Revere-RAVLT]: −0.84 [90% CI, −1.15; −0.54]). Model factor estimates indicated trial (P Discussion Participants' verbal Recall performance on Revere and RAVLT were equivalent.
Victor W Henderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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robust norms for neuropsychological tests of verbal episodic memory in australian women
Neuropsychology (journal), 2019Co-Authors: Alicia M Goodwill, Victor W Henderson, Stephen Campbell, Alexandra Gorelik, Lorraine Dennerstein, Michael R Mcclung, Cassandra SzoekeAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Robust norms for neuropsychological tests may offer superior clinical utility to conventional norms, in their ability to distinguish normal cognitive aging from prodromal dementia. However, the availability of robust norms from midlife, where cognitive changes in those at risk of disease may arise, is limited. This study presents demographically stratified robust norms for tests of verbal memory in Australian women. METHOD: Participants were from the population-based Women's Healthy Ageing Project. Baseline (1999 to 2002; n = 368; age range = 53-67years) and follow-up (2012 to 2014; n = 291; age range = 65-80years) measures of Word-List and story Recall were administered at least 10 years apart. Four samples were identified: conventional (derived from a cross-sectional sample), robust (derived from a longitudinal sample), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD), and lost to follow-up. Area under the curve (AUC) values were generated to assess the diagnostic ability of conventional and robust norms using 1 standard deviation and 1.5 standard deviation cut-offs. RESULTS: There were differences between conventional Australian and American normative data for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word-List Recall. Individuals who declined to MCI/AD over the follow-up displayed poorer performance at baseline, however no differences in classification ability of robust (AUC range .54 to.64) and conventional (AUC range .51 to .65) norms were observed. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychological performance in midlife predicted clinical cognitive decline 1 decade later, but conventional and robust norms was similarly predictive of conversion to disease in this cohort. The use of country-specific, representative conventional norms remains a valuable tool for neuropsychologists to assess cognitive performance throughout midlife. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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telephone Word List Recall tested in the rural aging and memory study two parallel versions for the tics m
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Eva Hogervorst, Stephan Bandelow, John Hart, Victor W HendersonAbstract:Background Parallel versions of memory tasks are useful in clinical and research settings to reduce practice effects engendered by multiple administrations. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of three parallel versions of ten-item Word List Recall tasks administered by telephone. Methods A population based telephone survey of middle-aged and elderly residents of Bradley County, Arkansas was carried out as part of the Rural Aging and Memory Study (RAMS). Participants in the study were 1845 persons aged 40 to 95 years. Word Lists included that used in the telephone interview of cognitive status (TICS) as a criterion standard and two newly developed Lists. Results The mean age of participants was 61.05 (SD 12.44) years; 39.5% were over age 65. 78% of the participants had completed high school, 66% were women and 21% were African-American. There was no difference in demographic characteristics between groups receiving different Word List versions, and performances on the three versions were equivalent for both immediate (mean 4.22, SD 1.53) and delayed (mean 2.35 SD 1.75) Recall trials. The total memory score (immediate+delayed Recall) was negatively associated with older age (beta = −0.41, 95%CI=−0.11 to −0.04), lower education (beta = 0.24, 95%CI = 0.36 to 0.51), male gender (beta = −0.18, 95%CI = −1.39 to −0.90) and African-American race (beta = −0.15, 95%CI = −1.41 to −0.82). Conclusions The two RAMS Word Recall Lists and the TICS Word Recall List can be used interchangeably in telephone assessment of memory of middle-aged and elderly persons. This finding is important for future studies where parallel versions of a Word-List memory task are needed. (250 Words). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matthew Lambon A Ralph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how does linguistic knowledge contribute to short term memory contrasting effects of impaired semantic knowledge and executive control
Aphasiology, 2012Co-Authors: Paul Hoffman, Sheeba Ehsan, Elizabeth Jefferies, Roy W Jones, Matthew Lambon A RalphAbstract:Background: Linguistic knowledge makes an important contribution to verbal STM. Some theories, including Baddeley's original conception of the episodic buffer, hold that harnessing linguistic knowledge to support STM is executively demanding. However, some recent evidence suggests that the linguistic contribution does not depend on executive resources. Aims: In this study we tested the hypothesis that activation of language representations is automatic and that executive control is most important when the material to be remembered is incompatible with this automatic activation. Methods & Procedures: Word List Recall was tested in three patients with transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA) following stroke. All had preserved Word repetition and digit span but poor comprehension associated with impaired executive control. They were compared with two semantic dementia (SD) patients with degraded semantic representations but intact executive control. Patients repeated Word Lists that varied in their semantic and ...
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semantic memory is key to binding phonology converging evidence from immediate serial Recall in semantic dementia and healthy participants
Neuropsychologia, 2009Co-Authors: Paul Hoffman, Sheeba Ehsan, Elizabeth Jefferies, Roy W Jones, Matthew Lambon A RalphAbstract:Abstract Patients with semantic dementia (SD) make numerous phoneme migration errors when Recalling Lists of Words they no longer fully understand, suggesting that Word meaning makes a critical contribution to phoneme binding in verbal short-term memory. Healthy individuals make errors that appear similar when Recalling Lists of nonWords, which also lack semantic support. Although previous studies have assumed that the errors in these two groups stem from the same underlying cause, they have never been directly compared. We tackled this issue by examining immediate serial Recall for SD patients and controls on “pure” Word Lists and “mixed” Lists that contained a mixture of Words and nonWords. SD patients were equally poor at pure and mixed Lists and made numerous phoneme migration errors in both conditions. In contrast, controls Recalled pure Lists better than mixed Lists and only produced phoneme migrations for mixed Lists. We also examined the claim that semantic activation is critical for Words in the primacy portion of the List. In fact, the effect of mixed Lists was greatest for later serial positions in the control group and in the SD group Recall was poorest towards the ends of Lists. These results suggest that mixing nonWords with Words in healthy participants closely mimics the impact of semantic degradation in SD on Word List Recall. The study provides converging evidence for the idea that lexical/semantic knowledge is an important source of constraint on phonological coherence, ensuring that phonemes in familiar Words are bound to each other and emerge together in Recall.
Monica Consonni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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executive dysfunction affects Word List Recall performance evidence from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases
Journal of Neuropsychology, 2017Co-Authors: Monica Consonni, Stefania Rossi, Chiara Cerami, Alessandra Marcone, Sandro Iannaccone, Stefano F Cappa, Daniela PeraniAbstract:The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is widely used in clinical practice to evaluate verbal episodic memory. While there is evidence that RAVLT performance can be influenced by executive dysfunction, the way executive disorders affect the serial position curve (SPC) has not been yet explored. To this aim, we analysed immediate and delayed Recall performances of 13 non-demented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with a specific mild executive dysfunction (ALSci) and compared their performances to those of 48 healthy controls (HC) and 13 cognitively normal patients with ALS. Moreover, to control for the impact of a severe dysexecutive syndrome and a genuine episodic memory deficit on the SPC, we enrolled 15 patients with a diagnosis of behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and 18 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Results documented that, compared to cognitively normal subjects, ALSci patients had a selective mid-List impairment for immediate Recall scores. The bvFTD group obtained low performances with a selectively increased forgetting rate for terminal items, whereas the AD group showed a disproportionately large memory loss on the primary and middle part of the SPC for immediate Recall scores and were severely impaired in the delayed Recall trial. These results suggested that subtle executive dysfunctions might influence the Recall of mid-List items, possibly reflecting deficiency in control strategies at retrieval of Word Lists, whereas severer dysexecutive syndrome might also affect the Recall of terminal items possibly due to attention deficit or retroactive interference.
