The Experts below are selected from a list of 285 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jan C. Van Ours - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Health Economics of the Workplace: Workplace Accidents and Effects of Job Loss and Retirement
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, 2019Co-Authors: Jan C. Van OursAbstract:There are three main topics in research on the effects of work on health. The first topic is Workplace Accidents where the main issues are reporting behavior and Workplace safety policies. A worker seems to be less inclined to report a Workplace Accident for fear of job loss when unemployment is high or when the worker has a temporary contract that may not be renewed. Workplace safety legislation has intended to reduce the incidence and severity of Workplace Accidents but empirical evidence on this result is unclear. The second topic is employment and health where the focus is on how job characteristics and job loss affect health, in particular mental health. Physically demanding jobs have negative health effects. The effects of working hours vary and the effects of job loss on physical and mental health are not uniform. Job loss seems to increase mortality. The third topic concerns retirement and health. Retirement seems to have a negative effect on cognitive skills and short-term positive effects on overall health. Other than that, the effects are very inconsistent, that is, even with as clear a measure as mortality, it is not clear whether life expectancy goes up, goes down, or remains constant due to retirement.
-
Temporary jobs and the severity of Workplace Accidents
Journal of safety research, 2017Co-Authors: Matteo Picchio, Jan C. Van OursAbstract:_Introduction_ From the point of view of Workplace safety, it is important to know whether having a temporary job has an effect on the severity of Workplace Accidents. We present an empirical analysis on the severity of Workplace Accidents by type of contract. _Method_ We used microdata collected by the Italian national institute managing the mandatory insurance against work related Accidents. We estimated linear models for a measure of the severity of the Workplace Accident. We controlled for time-invariant fixed effects at worker and firm levels to disentangle the impact of the type of contract from the spurious one induced by unobservables at worker and firm levels. _Results_ Workers with a temporary contract, if subject to a Workplace Accident, were more likely to be confronted with severe injuries than permanent workers. When correcting the statistical analysis for injury under-reporting of temporary workers, we found that most of, but not all, the effect is driven by the under-reporting bias. _Conclusions_ The effect of temporary contracts on the injury severity survived the inclusion of worker and firm fixed effects and the correction for temporary workers' injury under-reporting. This, however, does not exclude the possibility that, within firms, the nature of the work may vary between different categories of workers. For example, temporary workers might be more likely to be assigned dangerous tasks because they might have less bargaining power. _Practical implications_ The findings will help in designing public policy effective in increasing temporary workers' safety at work and limiting their injury under-reporting.
-
Workplace Accidents and Workplace Safety: On Under-reporting and Temporary Jobs
LABOUR, 2017Co-Authors: Ali Palali, Jan C. Van OursAbstract:textabstractStatistics on Workplace Accidents do not always reflect Workplace safety because workers under-report for fear of job-loss if they report having had an Accident. Based on an analysis of fatal and non-fatal Workplace Accidents and road Accidents in 15 EU-countries over the period 1995-2012, we conclude that there seems to be cyclical fluctuations in reporting of non-fatal Workplace Accidents. Workers are less likely to report a Workplace Accident when unemployment is high. Furthermore, analyzing data from Italy and Spain on both Workplace Accidents and commuting Accidents, we conclude that workers on temporary jobs are likely to under-report Accidents.
-
Temporary Jobs and the Severity of Workplace Accidents
2016Co-Authors: Matteo Picchio, Jan C. Van OursAbstract:From the point of view of Workplace safety, it is important to know whether having a temporary job has an effect on the severity of Workplace Accidents. Using Italian data, we present an empirical analysis on the severity of Workplace Accidents by type of contract. We find that workers with a temporary contract, if subject to a Workplace Accident, were more likely to be confronted with severe injuries than permanent workers.
-
Temporary Jobs and the Severity of Workplace Accidents
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Matteo Picchio, Jan C. Van OursAbstract:From the point of view of Workplace safety, it is important to know whether having a temporary job has an effect on the severity of Workplace Accidents. We present an empirical analysis on the severity of Workplace Accidents by type of contract.Method: We used micro data collected by the Italian national institute managing the mandatory insurance against work related Accidents. We estimated linear models for a measure of the severity of the Workplace Accident. We controlled for time-invariant fixed effects at worker and firm levels to disentangle the impact of the type of contract from the spurious one induced by unobservables at worker and firm levels.Results: Workers with a temporary contract, if subject to a Workplace Accident, were more likely to be confronted with severe injuries than permanent workers. When correcting the statistical analysis for injury underreporting of temporary workers, we found that most of, but not all, the effect is driven by the under-reporting bias. Conclusions: The effect of temporary contracts on the injury severity survived the inclusion of worker and firm fixed effects and the correction for temporary workers’ injury under-reporting. This however does not exclude the possibility that, within firms, the nature of the work may vary between different categories of workers. For example, temporary workers might be more likely to be assigned by the employer dangerous tasks because they might have less bargaining power. Practical implications: The findings will be of help in designing public policy effective in increasing temporary workers’ safety at work and limiting their injury under-reporting.
Barbara J Dorian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
assessing posttraumatic stress disorder with the mmpi 2 in a sample of Workplace Accident victims
Psychological Assessment, 2001Co-Authors: Susanne Scheibe, Michael R Bagby, Lesley S Miller, Barbara J DorianAbstract:In this study, the predictive capacity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Keane (MMPI-2 PK) scale was examined in a sample of trauma victims who experienced a serious Workplace-related Accident and subsequent injury. In keeping with a number of previous investigations, the PK scale was largely ineffective in identifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) beyond overall symptom and functional severity. In contrast, sets of clinical and content scales proved to be significant predictors of PTSD. These findings suggest that the PK scale is not particularly useful in detecting PTSD in civilian trauma samples. Clinicians might be best advised to use the MMPI-2 clinical and content scales in their assessment of PTSD in civilian patients presenting with a history of trauma.
Samuel Yousefi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Assessment of Workplace Accident risks in underground collieries by integrating a multi-goal cause-and-effect analysis method with MCDM sensitivity analysis
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2018Co-Authors: Ezzeddin Bakhtavar, Samuel YousefiAbstract:This study introduces a method using a multi-goal fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) and multi-criteria decision making based on sensitivity analysis to assess the risks associated with working Accidents in underground collieries. Safety, stoppage in operation, and operational and capital costs are considered as the main goals during the FCM process with significant emphasis on safety. Workplace Accidents data from Kerman underground collieries are statistically evaluated to find the degrees of occurrence probability, severity, and work-disability duration as the main risk factors. The causes and effects of Accidents are analyzed using FCM based on three goals and the effects of risk factors. A sensitivity analysis on the weights of the goals is conducted with the aim of increasing the Workplace safety in TOPSIS environment after solving the designed multi-goal FCM. Results indicate that “gas poisoning,” “roof fall,” and “debris and destruction” take the first three ranks and impose high risks to the system. By contrast, “collision, hit, and crash” presents the lowest risk among all Accidents.
Jan Boone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Recessions are Bad for Workplace Safety
2011Co-Authors: Jan Boone, Jan C. Van Ours, Jean-philippe Wuellrich, Josef ZweimüllerAbstract:Workplace Accidents are an important economic phenomenon. Yet, the pro-cyclical fluctuations in Workplace Accidents are not well understood. They could be related to fluctuations in effort and working hours, but Workplace Accidents may also be affected by reporting behavior. Our paper uses unique data on Workplace Accidents from an Austrian matched worker-firm dataset to study in detail how economic incentives affect Workplace Accidents. We find that workers who reported an Accident in a particular period of time are more likely to be fired later on. And, we find support for the idea that recessions influence the reporting of moderate Workplace Accidents: if workers think the probability of dismissals at the firm level is high, they are less likely to report a moderate Workplace Accident.
-
Are recessions good for Workplace safety
Journal of health economics, 2006Co-Authors: Jan Boone, Jan C. Van OursAbstract:Empirical evidence shows that in recessions the rate of Workplace Accidents goes down. This paper presents a theory and an empirical investigation to explain this phenomenon. The theory is based on the idea that reporting an Accident affects the reputation of a worker and raises the probability that he is fired. If the unemployment rate is high, a worker faces a big loss when fired and fewer Workplace Accidents are reported. The empirical investigation concerns Workplace Accidents in 16 OECD countries. We conclude that cyclical fluctuations in Workplace Accident rates have to do with reporting behavior of workers and not with changes in Workplace safety.
-
Cyclical Fluctuations in Workplace Accidents
2002Co-Authors: Jan Boone, J.c. Van OursAbstract:This paper presents a theory and an empirical investigation on cyclical fluctuations in Workplace Accidents. The theory is based on the idea that reporting an Accident dents the reputation of a worker and raises the probability that he is fired. Therefore a country with a high or an increasing unemployment rate has a low (reported) Workplace Accident rate. The empirical investigation concerns Workplace Accidents in OECD countries. The analysis confirms that Workplace Accident rates are inversely related to both the level of unemployment and the change in unemployment. Furthermore, fatal Accident rated do not fluctuate over the cycle. We conclude that our empirical analysis is in line with our theory: cyclical fluctuations in Workplace Accidents have to do with reporting behavior of workers and not with changes in Workplace safety.
Alfonso Moral - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a methodological proposal to evaluate the cost of duration moral hazard in Workplace Accident insurance
European Journal of Health Economics, 2017Co-Authors: Angel L Martinroman, Alfonso MoralAbstract:The cost of duration moral hazard in Workplace Accident insurance has been amply explored by North-American scholars in both the USA and Canada. Given the current context of financial constraints in public accounts and particularly in the Social Security system, we feel that the issue merits inquiry in the case of Spain. The present research also posits a methodological proposal using the econometric technique of stochastic frontiers, which allows us to break down the duration of work-related leave into what we term “economic days” and “medical days”. Our calculations indicate that during the seven-year period spanning 2005 to 2011, the cost of sick leave amongst full-time salaried workers amounted to 5,830 million Euros (in constant 2011 Euros). Of this total, and bearing in mind that “economic days” are those attributable to duration moral hazard, over 2,500 million Euros might be linked to Workplace absenteeism. It is on this figure where economic policy measures might prove more effective.
-
A methodological proposal to evaluate the cost of duration moral hazard in Workplace Accident insurance
The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2017Co-Authors: Ángel L. Martín-román, Alfonso MoralAbstract:The cost of duration moral hazard in Workplace Accident insurance has been amply explored by North-American scholars. Given the current context of financial constraints in public accounts, and particularly in the Social Security system, we feel that the issue merits inquiry in the case of Spain. The present research posits a methodological proposal using the econometric technique of stochastic frontiers, which allows us to break down the duration of work-related leave into what we term "economic days" and "medical days". Our calculations indicate that during the 9-year period spanning 2005-2013, the cost of sick leave amongst full-time salaried workers amounted to 6920 million Euros (in constant 2011 Euros). Of this total, and bearing in mind that "economic days" are those attributable to duration moral hazard, over 3000 million Euros might be linked to Workplace absenteeism. It is on this figure where economic policy measures might prove more effective.
-
differences between spanish and foreign workers in the duration of Workplace Accident leave a stochastic frontier approach
Research Papers in Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Angel Martinroman, Alfonso MoralAbstract:The main goal of the current work is to analyse differences between the working conditions of national and foreign workers in Spain. For this purpose, we study an important dimension of those working conditions, namely Workplace injuries, and more specifically the differences in duration of occupational injury leave as a consequence of work-related Accidents. The empirical analysis is carried out using stochastic frontier techniques. This allows a minimum period off work due to merely physiological or medical reasons to be distinguished from an additional period linked to worker behaviour. This latter component measures inefficiency in frontier literature, and is identified in the present work as a relevant indicator of working conditions. The findings reveal that most of the differences observed between national and immigrant workers in the already mentioned duration are a result of the inefficiency term. For the purpose of the current work, this is reflected in poorer working conditions for immigrant workers, particularly for those from less advanced countries.
-
el papel de las etts en la reduccion del riesgo moral asociado al seguro por Accidentes de trabajo el caso de espana the role of the twas in the reduction of moral hazard in Workplace Accident insurance the spanish case
Estudios de Economia Aplicada, 2013Co-Authors: Alfonso Moral, Angel Martinroman, Juan Carlos Rodriguez CaballeroAbstract:La presencia de las empresas de trabajo temporal (ETTs) en Espana es relativamente reciente si se compara con otros paises en los cuales estas tienen mas tradicion. No obstante, a pesar de su corto recorrido historico, su funcionalidad en el mercado de trabajo ha ido variando notablemente. En este trabajo se pretende estimar el esfuerzo de los trabajadores contratados por las empresas de trabajo temporal a traves del analisis del reporte de cierto tipo de Accidentes conocidos dentro de la literatura como Accidentes de dificil diagnostico. Se en¬cuentra evidencia de que los trabajadores contratados a traves de una ETT presentan menores niveles de riesgo moral que los trabajadores con contrato indefinido y que los que poseen un contrato temporal directo. Este ultimo resultado puede estar reflejando que las ETTs desempenan un papel importante en el fomento del esfuerzo de los trabajadores que no puede atribuirse unicamente al hecho de que gestionan contratos laborales de caracter temporal. The presence of temporary work agencies (TWAs) in Spain is relatively recent in comparison with other countries where there is a longer tradition. Nevertheless, despite their short historical existence, their role in the labour market has outstandingly changed. In this paper, we intend to consider the effort of the workers who are hired through TWAs by means of the analysis of a number of Accident reports, usually known as hard to diagnose Accidents. There are evidences that the workers that are hired through a TWA show lower levels of moral hazard than the ones with a permanent contract and with a direct temporary one. These last results can indicate that TWAs play an important role in promoting the effort of the workers, which can not only be attributed to the fact that they manage temporary contracts.
