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Wolfgang Lindner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metabolic profiles of the mycotoxin Zearalenone and of the growth promoter zeranol in urine liver and muscle of heifers
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Martina Kleinova, Peter Zöllner, Hermann Kahlbacher, Werner Hochsteiner, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:A group of five heifers were fed for 84 days with 2 kg of Zearalenone-contaminated oats (1370 microg/kg) resulting in an average daily intake of 2740 microg of Zearalenone per animal. In a parallel experiment five heifers were implanted with two 25 mg zeranol pellets, one at the beginning of the study and one after 42 days, and fed with 2 kg of "blank" control oats (79 microg/kg, daily intake = 158 microg). A third group of five animals were also fed with 2 kg of "blank" oats and served as control. Urine samples of all animals were collected every 5-6 days during the whole period of the study. Animals of all three groups were killed 84 days after the beginning of the feeding study. Tissue samples (back, femoral region, liver, and residues of implanted pellets) were taken during post-mortem investigations. The content of Zearalenone and zeranol and their metabolites in urine and tissue samples was established by an analytical method combining solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary excretion rates of zeralenone and zeranol were calculated from these results.
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concentration levels of Zearalenone and its metabolites in urine muscle tissue and liver samples of pigs fed with mycotoxin contaminated oats
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Peter Zöllner, Justus Jodlbauer, Martina Kleinova, Hermann Kahlbacher, Thomas Kuhn, Werner Hochsteiner, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:The content of Zearalenone and its metabolites in urine and tissue samples from pigs fed Zearalenone-contaminated oats was established by analytical methods combining solid-phase extraction cleanup of the samples with highly selective liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS detection. Investigation of the urine samples revealed that approximately 60% of Zearalenone was transformed in vivo to α-zearalenol and its epimer β-zearalenol in a mean ratio of 3:1. Zeranol and taleranol as further metabolites could only be detected in trace amounts. Zearalanone was identified at considerable concentrations, though only in a couple of samples. In contrast, liver samples contained predominantly α-zearalenol, and to a minor extent β-zearalenol and Zearalenone, with a mean ratio of α-/β-zearalenol of 2.5:1, while zeranol, taleranol, or zearalanone could not be identified in any of the investigated samples. The degree of glucoronidation was established for Zearalenone as 27% in urine and 62% in liver; for α-z...
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Concentration levels of Zearalenone and its metabolites in urine, muscle tissue, and liver samples of pigs fed with mycotoxin-contaminated oats.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Peter Zöllner, Justus Jodlbauer, Martina Kleinova, Hermann Kahlbacher, Thomas Kuhn, Werner Hochsteiner, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:The content of Zearalenone and its metabolites in urine and tissue samples from pigs fed Zearalenone-contaminated oats was established by analytical methods combining solid-phase extraction cleanup of the samples with highly selective liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS detection. Investigation of the urine samples revealed that approximately 60% of Zearalenone was transformed in vivo to alpha-zearalenol and its epimer beta-zearalenol in a mean ratio of 3:1. Zeranol and taleranol as further metabolites could only be detected in trace amounts. Zearalanone was identified at considerable concentrations, though only in a couple of samples. In contrast, liver samples contained predominantly alpha-zearalenol, and to a minor extent beta-zearalenol and Zearalenone, with a mean ratio of alpha-/beta-zearalenol of 2.5:1, while zeranol, taleranol, or zearalanone could not be identified in any of the investigated samples. The degree of glucoronidation was established for Zearalenone as 27% in urine and 62% in liver; for alpha-zearalenol as 88% in urine and 77% in liver; and for beta-zearalenol as 94% in urine and 29% in liver. Analyses of muscle tissue revealed relatively high amounts of nonglucuronidated zeranol and alpha-zearalenol together with traces of taleranol and Zearalenone, indicating that the metabolism of Zearalenone and its metabolites is not restricted to hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolic pathways.
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determination of zeranol taleranol Zearalenone α and β zearalenol in urine and tissue by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Chromatographia, 2000Co-Authors: Justus Jodlbauer, Peter Zöllner, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:An LC-MS/MS method has been developed for the sensitive determination of the anabolic compound zeranol, its epimer taleranol and the mycotoxins Zearalenone, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol in animal urine and meat samples. Sample preparation included extraction of meat samples and enzymatic digest of urine samples followed by solid phase extraction with RP-18 columns for sample clean-up. Mass spectrometric determination was carried out with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation interface (APCI) in the multi-reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Using the negative ion mode, a limit of detection between 0.1 and 0.5 ppb and a limit of determination between 0.5 and 1 ppb could be achieved. With zearalanone (ZAN) as internal standard, a linear range between 0.5 (1.0) and 100 ppb in urine samples (cow, pig) and between 1 and 100 ppb in meat samples (cow, calf, pig) could be established. Depending on the biological matrix and analyte, standard deviations were below 8.5%, with average recovery rates around 86% to 102% in spiked samples. The usefulness of the method developed was demonstrated via several contaminated cow and pig urine samples.
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determination of Zearalenone in grains by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction with rp 18 columns or immunoaffinity columns
Journal of Chromatography A, 1999Co-Authors: Peter Zöllner, Justus Jodlbauer, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:Abstract In this paper a robust, sensitive and selective LC–MS–MS method for the determination of Zearalenone (ZON) in several cereals is described. Sample preparation was performed by extraction of the commodities with a mixture of acetonitrile and water followed by solid-phase extraction with RP-18 columns or immunoaffinity columns. The selective determination of ZON was achieved with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. Using the negative ion mode a detection limit of 0.5 μg/kg and a determination limit of 1 μg/kg grain was achieved, which is by a factor of 100 more sensitive than the positive ion mode. Zearalanone (ZAN), which does not occur in nature, was used as internal standard for quantification. A linear working range from 1.0 μg/kg to 1000 μg/kg could be achieved in grains with a standard deviation of 4% and recovery rates around 100%. All these results were independent from the grain matrices (maize, barley, oats, wheat) when ZAN was used as internal standard. Sample preparation with RP-18 and immunoaffinity materials gave comparable results. In addition, the method was successfully used for the investigation of naturally contaminated maize samples in the course of an interlaboratory comparison test.
Lixin Wen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Zearalenone induces apoptosis and necrosis in porcine granulosa cells via a caspase 3 and caspase 9 dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Li Zhu, Hui Yuan, Chengzhi Guo, Sijun Deng, Yang Yang, Qiang Wei, Lixin WenAbstract:Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium. There are numerous incidences of mycotoxicosis in laboratory and domestic animals, especially in pigs. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms of Zearalenone toxicity. Granulosa cells are the maximal cell population in follicles, and they play an essential role in the development and maturation of follicles. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Zearalenone at high concentrations on proliferation and apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells and uncover signaling pathway underlying the cytotoxicity of Zearalenone. We found that Zearalenone reduced the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner as shown by the MTT assay and Zearalenone resulted in an obvious apoptosis and necrosis in porcine granulosa cells as determined by the TUNEL analysis and flow cytometry. In addition, TUNEL assay with caspase inhibitors showed that Zearalenone triggered a caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent apoptotic process in porcine granulosa cells. Fluorescence spectrophotometer displayed that Zearalenone led to a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential of porcine granulosa cells but enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of the cells. Notably, Western blots revealed that caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated by Zearalenone in porcine granulosa cells. Collectively, our results suggest that Zearalenone induces apoptosis and necrosis of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner via a caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial pathway. This study thus offers a novel insight into molecular mechanisms by which Zearalenone has adverse cytotoxicity on reproduction.
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Zearalenone induces apoptosis and necrosis in porcine granulosa cells via a caspase 3 and caspase 9 dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Li Zhu, Hui Yuan, Chengzhi Guo, Sijun Deng, Yang Yang, Qiang Wei, Lixin WenAbstract:Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium. There are numerous incidences of mycotoxicosis in laboratory and domestic animals, especially in pigs. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms of Zearalenone toxicity. Granulosa cells are the maximal cell population in follicles, and they play an essential role in the development and maturation of follicles. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Zearalenone at high concentrations on proliferation and apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells and uncover signaling pathway underlying the cytotoxicity of Zearalenone. We found that Zearalenone reduced the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner as shown by the MTT assay and Zearalenone resulted in an obvious apoptosis and necrosis in porcine granulosa cells as determined by the TUNEL analysis and flow cytometry. In addition, TUNEL assay with caspase inhibitors showed that Zearalenone triggered a caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent apoptotic process in porcine granulosa cells. Fluorescence spectrophotometer displayed that Zearalenone led to a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential of porcine granulosa cells but enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of the cells. Notably, Western blots revealed that caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated by Zearalenone in porcine granulosa cells. Collectively, our results suggest that Zearalenone induces apoptosis and necrosis of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner via a caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial pathway. This study thus offers a novel insight into molecular mechanisms by which Zearalenone has adverse cytotoxicity on reproduction. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1814–1820, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Li Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Zearalenone induces apoptosis and necrosis in porcine granulosa cells via a caspase 3 and caspase 9 dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Li Zhu, Hui Yuan, Chengzhi Guo, Sijun Deng, Yang Yang, Qiang Wei, Lixin WenAbstract:Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium. There are numerous incidences of mycotoxicosis in laboratory and domestic animals, especially in pigs. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms of Zearalenone toxicity. Granulosa cells are the maximal cell population in follicles, and they play an essential role in the development and maturation of follicles. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Zearalenone at high concentrations on proliferation and apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells and uncover signaling pathway underlying the cytotoxicity of Zearalenone. We found that Zearalenone reduced the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner as shown by the MTT assay and Zearalenone resulted in an obvious apoptosis and necrosis in porcine granulosa cells as determined by the TUNEL analysis and flow cytometry. In addition, TUNEL assay with caspase inhibitors showed that Zearalenone triggered a caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent apoptotic process in porcine granulosa cells. Fluorescence spectrophotometer displayed that Zearalenone led to a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential of porcine granulosa cells but enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of the cells. Notably, Western blots revealed that caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated by Zearalenone in porcine granulosa cells. Collectively, our results suggest that Zearalenone induces apoptosis and necrosis of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner via a caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial pathway. This study thus offers a novel insight into molecular mechanisms by which Zearalenone has adverse cytotoxicity on reproduction.
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Zearalenone induces apoptosis and necrosis in porcine granulosa cells via a caspase 3 and caspase 9 dependent mitochondrial signaling pathway
Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2012Co-Authors: Li Zhu, Hui Yuan, Chengzhi Guo, Sijun Deng, Yang Yang, Qiang Wei, Lixin WenAbstract:Zearalenone is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium. There are numerous incidences of mycotoxicosis in laboratory and domestic animals, especially in pigs. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms of Zearalenone toxicity. Granulosa cells are the maximal cell population in follicles, and they play an essential role in the development and maturation of follicles. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Zearalenone at high concentrations on proliferation and apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells and uncover signaling pathway underlying the cytotoxicity of Zearalenone. We found that Zearalenone reduced the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner as shown by the MTT assay and Zearalenone resulted in an obvious apoptosis and necrosis in porcine granulosa cells as determined by the TUNEL analysis and flow cytometry. In addition, TUNEL assay with caspase inhibitors showed that Zearalenone triggered a caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent apoptotic process in porcine granulosa cells. Fluorescence spectrophotometer displayed that Zearalenone led to a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential of porcine granulosa cells but enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of the cells. Notably, Western blots revealed that caspase-3 and caspase-9 were activated by Zearalenone in porcine granulosa cells. Collectively, our results suggest that Zearalenone induces apoptosis and necrosis of porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner via a caspase-3- and caspase-9-dependent mitochondrial pathway. This study thus offers a novel insight into molecular mechanisms by which Zearalenone has adverse cytotoxicity on reproduction. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1814–1820, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Peter Zöllner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metabolic profiles of the mycotoxin Zearalenone and of the growth promoter zeranol in urine liver and muscle of heifers
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Martina Kleinova, Peter Zöllner, Hermann Kahlbacher, Werner Hochsteiner, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:A group of five heifers were fed for 84 days with 2 kg of Zearalenone-contaminated oats (1370 microg/kg) resulting in an average daily intake of 2740 microg of Zearalenone per animal. In a parallel experiment five heifers were implanted with two 25 mg zeranol pellets, one at the beginning of the study and one after 42 days, and fed with 2 kg of "blank" control oats (79 microg/kg, daily intake = 158 microg). A third group of five animals were also fed with 2 kg of "blank" oats and served as control. Urine samples of all animals were collected every 5-6 days during the whole period of the study. Animals of all three groups were killed 84 days after the beginning of the feeding study. Tissue samples (back, femoral region, liver, and residues of implanted pellets) were taken during post-mortem investigations. The content of Zearalenone and zeranol and their metabolites in urine and tissue samples was established by an analytical method combining solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary excretion rates of zeralenone and zeranol were calculated from these results.
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concentration levels of Zearalenone and its metabolites in urine muscle tissue and liver samples of pigs fed with mycotoxin contaminated oats
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Peter Zöllner, Justus Jodlbauer, Martina Kleinova, Hermann Kahlbacher, Thomas Kuhn, Werner Hochsteiner, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:The content of Zearalenone and its metabolites in urine and tissue samples from pigs fed Zearalenone-contaminated oats was established by analytical methods combining solid-phase extraction cleanup of the samples with highly selective liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS detection. Investigation of the urine samples revealed that approximately 60% of Zearalenone was transformed in vivo to α-zearalenol and its epimer β-zearalenol in a mean ratio of 3:1. Zeranol and taleranol as further metabolites could only be detected in trace amounts. Zearalanone was identified at considerable concentrations, though only in a couple of samples. In contrast, liver samples contained predominantly α-zearalenol, and to a minor extent β-zearalenol and Zearalenone, with a mean ratio of α-/β-zearalenol of 2.5:1, while zeranol, taleranol, or zearalanone could not be identified in any of the investigated samples. The degree of glucoronidation was established for Zearalenone as 27% in urine and 62% in liver; for α-z...
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Concentration levels of Zearalenone and its metabolites in urine, muscle tissue, and liver samples of pigs fed with mycotoxin-contaminated oats.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Peter Zöllner, Justus Jodlbauer, Martina Kleinova, Hermann Kahlbacher, Thomas Kuhn, Werner Hochsteiner, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:The content of Zearalenone and its metabolites in urine and tissue samples from pigs fed Zearalenone-contaminated oats was established by analytical methods combining solid-phase extraction cleanup of the samples with highly selective liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS detection. Investigation of the urine samples revealed that approximately 60% of Zearalenone was transformed in vivo to alpha-zearalenol and its epimer beta-zearalenol in a mean ratio of 3:1. Zeranol and taleranol as further metabolites could only be detected in trace amounts. Zearalanone was identified at considerable concentrations, though only in a couple of samples. In contrast, liver samples contained predominantly alpha-zearalenol, and to a minor extent beta-zearalenol and Zearalenone, with a mean ratio of alpha-/beta-zearalenol of 2.5:1, while zeranol, taleranol, or zearalanone could not be identified in any of the investigated samples. The degree of glucoronidation was established for Zearalenone as 27% in urine and 62% in liver; for alpha-zearalenol as 88% in urine and 77% in liver; and for beta-zearalenol as 94% in urine and 29% in liver. Analyses of muscle tissue revealed relatively high amounts of nonglucuronidated zeranol and alpha-zearalenol together with traces of taleranol and Zearalenone, indicating that the metabolism of Zearalenone and its metabolites is not restricted to hepatic and gastrointestinal metabolic pathways.
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determination of zeranol taleranol Zearalenone α and β zearalenol in urine and tissue by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Chromatographia, 2000Co-Authors: Justus Jodlbauer, Peter Zöllner, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:An LC-MS/MS method has been developed for the sensitive determination of the anabolic compound zeranol, its epimer taleranol and the mycotoxins Zearalenone, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol in animal urine and meat samples. Sample preparation included extraction of meat samples and enzymatic digest of urine samples followed by solid phase extraction with RP-18 columns for sample clean-up. Mass spectrometric determination was carried out with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation interface (APCI) in the multi-reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Using the negative ion mode, a limit of detection between 0.1 and 0.5 ppb and a limit of determination between 0.5 and 1 ppb could be achieved. With zearalanone (ZAN) as internal standard, a linear range between 0.5 (1.0) and 100 ppb in urine samples (cow, pig) and between 1 and 100 ppb in meat samples (cow, calf, pig) could be established. Depending on the biological matrix and analyte, standard deviations were below 8.5%, with average recovery rates around 86% to 102% in spiked samples. The usefulness of the method developed was demonstrated via several contaminated cow and pig urine samples.
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determination of Zearalenone in grains by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry after solid phase extraction with rp 18 columns or immunoaffinity columns
Journal of Chromatography A, 1999Co-Authors: Peter Zöllner, Justus Jodlbauer, Wolfgang LindnerAbstract:Abstract In this paper a robust, sensitive and selective LC–MS–MS method for the determination of Zearalenone (ZON) in several cereals is described. Sample preparation was performed by extraction of the commodities with a mixture of acetonitrile and water followed by solid-phase extraction with RP-18 columns or immunoaffinity columns. The selective determination of ZON was achieved with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. Using the negative ion mode a detection limit of 0.5 μg/kg and a determination limit of 1 μg/kg grain was achieved, which is by a factor of 100 more sensitive than the positive ion mode. Zearalanone (ZAN), which does not occur in nature, was used as internal standard for quantification. A linear working range from 1.0 μg/kg to 1000 μg/kg could be achieved in grains with a standard deviation of 4% and recovery rates around 100%. All these results were independent from the grain matrices (maize, barley, oats, wheat) when ZAN was used as internal standard. Sample preparation with RP-18 and immunoaffinity materials gave comparable results. In addition, the method was successfully used for the investigation of naturally contaminated maize samples in the course of an interlaboratory comparison test.
Gaiping Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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broad spectrum detection of zeranol and its analogues by a colloidal gold based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay in milk
Food Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Mengqi Yin, Yaning Sun, Yunrui Xing, Guangxu Xing, Yanwei Wang, Yao Wang, Ruiguang Deng, Gaiping ZhangAbstract:Abstract Based on colloidal gold and broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody that binds to zeranol and its five analogues with high sensitivity, a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) in a competitive format was developed to specifically determine residues of zeranol, an illegal growth promoter in livestock. In this study, the assay had high sensitivity and was broad-spectrum only for zeranol and its five analogues, and the results were obtained within 10 min without needing sophisticated procedures. The cutoff values for zeranol and its five analogues were 10 ng/mL, and the IC50 values for zeranol, β-zearalanol, zearalanone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol and Zearalenone were 1.250, 1.800, 1.775, 1.225, 1.709 and 1.319 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery rates were ranged from 85.6 to 93.9%, with the coefficient of variations less than 12.4%. The results demonstrated that the LFIA could be used for rapid, simultaneous, semi-quantitative and quantitative detection of residues of zeranol and its five analogous in milk.
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the broad spectrum and ultra sensitive detection of zeranol and its analogues by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in cattle origin samples
RSC Advances, 2020Co-Authors: Mengqi Yin, Yaning Sun, Yunrui Xing, Guangxu Xing, Yao Wang, Ruiguang Deng, Shujun Chai, Yanyan Yang, Man Teng, Gaiping ZhangAbstract:Zeranol (α-zearalanol) has been used as a growth promoter in livestock since 1969 in some non-EU countries; the residues of zeranol and its five analogues in animal origin foods may endanger human health due to their strong estrogenic and anabolic activities. Therefore, it is urgent to establish simple, rapid, real-time, broad-spectrum and high-sensitivity detection methods for the residues of zeranol and its analogues. In this study, an ultrasensitive indirect-competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was established for the rapid multi-residue detection of zeranol and its five analogues in cattle origin samples, which was based on a broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically bound to zeranol and its analogues with high sensitivity. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for zeranol, β-zearalanol, zearalanone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, and Zearalenone were 0.103, 0.080, 0.161, 0.177, 0.254, and 0.194 ng mL−1, respectively, the recovery rates of cattle origin samples spiked with zeranol ranged from 79.2–104.2%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) values were less than 11.4%. Excellent correlation (R2 = 0.9845) was obtained between the results of HPLC-MS/MS and ic-ELISA. In conclusion, the developed ic-ELISA could be employed as an ultrasensitive and broad-spectrum detection method for monitoring trace ZEN residues in cattle origin foods.
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development of an immunochromatographic strip test for the rapid detection of Zearalenone in corn
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Yaning Sun, Yao Wang, Ruiguang Deng, Yong Zhang, Jifei Yang, Fangyu Wang, Gaiping ZhangAbstract:A rapid immunochromatographic test strip has been developed for the detection of Zearalenone (ZEN) residues in corn. For this purpose, a specific anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody (mAb), 4A3-F9, was obtained and identified. ZEN coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) via 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether was prepared as immunogen. The mAb showed low cross-reactivity with five ZEN analogues. Using an antibody preparation with a titer of ≥1:5.12 × 105, the cross-reactivity (CR) of the anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody with four of the analogues was <4%, except for zearalanone, which was 53.121%. The recovery rates of ZEN in spiked corn samples were in the range of 91.30–97.07% with coefficients of variation <5.32%. An immunochromatographic strip was developed using the specific anti-ZEN monoclonal antibody and applied to the screening of corn samples for ZEN residues. The test could be accomplished within 5–10 min. The sensitivity of the test strip in corn sample extract was confirmed to be 20 μg/kg by unaided visual ass...
