The Experts below are selected from a list of 771 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Young C. Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Zeranol Induces Deleterious Effects on the Testes and the Prostate Gland of Mature Rats
Endocrine research, 2013Co-Authors: Falah Shidaifat, Samuel K. Kulp, Young C. LinAbstract:Background. Endocrine disrupters have been shown to affect the male and female reproductive systems and to alter potential fertility. Objectives. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a continuous-release pellet containing 12 mg of Zeranol for 30 days on the testes and the prostate gland of mature male rats. Results. Zeranol treatment induced significant decrease of the testes and the prostate gland weights which were associated with a remarkable atrophy of the testicular seminiferous tubules and prominent regression of the glandular compartment of the prostate gland. However, Zeranol treatment increased the thickness of the periductal layer of stromal cells of the prostate gland from a thin layer that express intense immunostaining of SM-actin and mild vimentin to a thicker layer of cells that exhibited intense immunostaining for both SM-actin and vimentin. Conclusion. These findings suggest that Zeranol-induced changes to the prostate gland could result from either a direct effect of zerano...
-
Zeranol induces cell proliferation and protein disulfide isomerase expression in mammary gland of aci rat
Anticancer Research, 2011Co-Authors: Saiyi Zhong, Shuhong Lin, Jieyu Liu, John Leong, Young C. LinAbstract:Background: Zeranol is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with potent estrogenic activity that is widely used as a growth promoter in the US beef industry. Consumption of beef derived from Zeranol-implanted cattle may be a risk factor for breast cancer. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has been studied extensively as a key enzyme involving in the formation of the correct pattern of disulfide bonds in newly synthesized proteins. The relationship between PDI expression and cancer development has attracted interest of cancer researchers in recent years. Materials and Methods: We implanted ACI rats with 12 mg Zeranol pellet and harvested the mammary tissues and tumor at day 110 after implantation and investigated the effect of Zeranol-implantation on cell proliferation by histological examination and proliferation in vitro. We also evaluated PDI mRNA expression in primary epithelial cells isolated from normal mammary glands and primary tumor cells from tumor specimens using real-time RT-PCR. To further confirm, we also evaluated the effect of Zeranol on PDI mRNA expression in primary epithelial cells isolated from normal mammary gland of ACI rats. Results: We observed a palpable mammary tumor in one of three Zeranol-implanted ACI rats at day-110 post Zeranol-implantation. Zeranol-implantation significantly promoted the cell proliferation of primary mammary epithelial and stromal cells isolated from the mammary gland of normal ACI rats. PDI mRNA is over-expressed in primary tumor cells isolated from the tumor specimen and in Zeranol-treated primary cultured epithelial cells from the mammary gland of normal ACI rats. Conclusion: These findings suggest that up-regulated expression of PDI may play a critical role in mammary tumorigenesis and cell proliferation in response to Zeranol. Our findings implicate PDI as a biomarker for mammary tumorigenesis.
-
serum derived from Zeranol implanted aci rats promotes the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro
Anticancer Research, 2011Co-Authors: Saiyi Zhong, Eric Feng, Shuhong Lin, Jieyu Liu, John Leong, Young C. LinAbstract:Background: Zeranol (Z) is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with potent estrogenic activity that is widely used as a growth promoter in the US beef industry. Consumption of beef derived from Zeranol-implanted cattle may be a risk factor for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The effect of serum on the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line and primary cultured human breast epithelial cells (PCHBECs) was investigated. ACI rats were implanted with 12 mg Zeranol pellet and the serum was harvested at day 110 after implantation. The effect of Zeranol-serum on mRNA expression of cell cycle regulating gene (cyclin D1) and tumor suppressor genes (p53, and p21) was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR. Results: The serum derived from ACI rats 110 days post-Zeranol implantation significantly promoted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and primary cultured human breast epithelial cells compared to control serum. Zeranol-serum up-regulated cyclin D1 and down-regulated p53 and p21 expression in PCHBECs compared with control serum. Conclusion: Bio-active Zeranol metabolites contained in meat produced from cattle after Zeranol implantation may be a risk factor for breast cancer.
-
serum harvested from heifers one month post Zeranol implantation stimulates mcf 7 breast cancer cell growth
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Saiyi Zhong, Eric Feng, Shuhong Lin, Jieyu Liu, W R Threlfall, Christopher V Frasure, Young C. LinAbstract:Breast cancer is a serious disease in the US. Numerous risk factors have been linked to this disease. The safety of using growth promoters, such as Zeranol, remains under debate due to the lack of sufficient in vitro and in vivo evidence. Using CellTiter 96(™) Aqueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation assay, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we evaluated the effects of sera harvested from experimental and control heifers before and after one month of Zeranol implantation on the growth of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 as well as the involved mechanisms. We found that sera harvested from the heifers following one month of Zeranol implantation were more mitogenically potent in stimulating the proliferation of MCF-7 cells when compared to sera harvested from the same heifers before Zeranol implantation and the control heifers. Further investigation found that dextran-coated charcoal suppressed the stimulating effect of the sera on MCF-7 cell growth. The mechanisms involved in the MCF-7 cell proliferation stimulated by Zeranol-containing sera may include up-regulation of cyclin D1 and down-regulation of p53 and p21 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in the cells. The results suggest that the consumption of beef products containing biologically active residues of Zeranol or its metabolites is a risk linked to breast cancer development. Further investigation is required in order to clarify this critical issue.
-
abstract 3984 effect of Zeranol on beef skeletal muscle growth by differential image gel electrophoresis dige
Cancer Research, 2010Co-Authors: Macdonald Wick, J M Reddish, Young C. LinAbstract:Zeranol is a resorcylic acid lactone produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium that grows on corn, wheat, barley, oats and sorghum. As such Zeranol is a virtually unavoidable contaminant of crops used to feed animals that are consumed by humans. Zeranol has been shown to have a positive impact on muscle growth during the finishing phase of beef cattle production, was first approved and licensed for use as a growth promotant in cattle and sheep in the USA by FDA in 1969. However, the mechanism of this interaction is unknown but is likely related to changes in muscle specific proteins observable during the increased growth phase during finishing. To determine the affect of Zeranol on beef cattle muscle growth, we performed four DIGE experiments. We compared protein expression level changes between beef cattle treated with Zeranol and untreated beef cattle. On day zero, 10 cattle were implanted with 72 mg of Zeranol pellets, the other half (n = 10) were implanted with vehicle. The beef cattle were raised at the Ohio State University Department of Animal Sciences Beef Barn in accordance with industry standards for 120 days. At 60 days, half the implanted beef cattle and half of the control beef cattle were harvested and the remaining beef cattle were harvested at day 120. Muscle samples were analyzed by DIGE and bioinformatics Seven proteins associated with energy metabolism (creatine kinase, glycogen phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase I, aconitase 2, enolase I, and triosephophate isomerase), 5 proteins with regulation of muscle contraction (slow skeletal muscle troponin T, calsequestrin I, myosin light chains 2 and 3, tropomyosin 3), 3 structural proteins (alpha actin, myosin binding protein C and kelch repeat and BTB domain), a protein associated with myotube formation, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, and HSP70, a protein associated with meat quality, and albumin were identified. The differential regulation of these proteins indicates that muscle growth in cattle implanted with Z is due to fast skeletal muscle. (Supported by NIH grant R01 ES 015212). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3984.
Marianne Horby Jorgensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
oestrogenic potencies of Zeranol oestradiol diethylstilboestrol bisphenol a and genistein implications for exposure assessment of potential endocrine disrupters
Apmis, 2001Co-Authors: Henrik Leffers, Michael Naesby, Brian Vendelbo, Marianne Horby JorgensenAbstract:We have compared the oestrogenic potency of the synthetic oestrogen Zeranol, used as a growth promoter in meat production, and five related compounds, with the potency of 17β-oestradiol, diethylstilboestrol (DES), genistein, and Bisphenol-A. The potency was assayed by analysing differences in expression levels of endogenous oestrogen-regulated genes in human MCF7 cells, treated with different concentrations of the compounds. Zeranol, 17β-oestradiol and DES were about equally potent, genistein was four to six orders of magnitude less potent than 17β-oestradiol but an order of magnitude more potent than Bisphenol-A. There were gene specific differences, the PS2 and TGFβ3 genes were about equally sensitive to Zeranol, 17β-oestradiol and DES whereas a down-regulation of MRG1/p35srj could be detected at fmol/l concentrations of Zeranol whereas 17β-oestradioI was several orders of magnitude less potent. GST mu3 was sensitive to fmol/l concentrations of 17β-oestradiol but much less sensitive to Zeranol and DES. The very high potency of Zeranol compared with other potential endocrine disrupters suggests that Zeranol intake from beef products could have greater impact on consumers than the amounts of the known or suspected endocrine disrupters that have been found in food. Since little data is available in man, there is an urgent need for reliable measurements of the concentration of Zeranol in human serum after ingestion of meat products from treated animals.
-
oestrogenic potencies of Zeranol oestradiol diethylstilboestrol bisphenol a and genistein implications for exposure assessment of potential endocrine disrupters
Human Reproduction, 2001Co-Authors: Henrik Leffers, Michael Naesby, Brian Vendelbo, Marianne Horby JorgensenAbstract:We have compared the oestrogenic potency of the synthetic oestrogen Zeranol, used as a growth promoter in meat production, and five related compounds, with the potency of 17beta-oestradiol, diethylstilboestrol (DES), genistein, and Bisphenol-A. The potency was assayed by analysing differences in expression levels of endogenous oestrogen-regulated genes in human MCF7 cells, treated with different concentrations of the compounds. Zeranol, 17beta-oestradiol and DES were about equally potent, genistein was four to six orders of magnitude less potent than 17beta-oestradiol but an order of magnitude more potent than Bisphenol-A. There were gene specific differences, the PS2 and TGFbeta3 genes were about equally sensitive to Zeranol, 17beta-oestradiol and DES whereas a down-regulation of MRG1/p35srj could be detected at fmol/l concentrations of Zeranol whereas 17beta-oestradiol was several orders of magnitude less potent. GST mu3 was sensitive to fmol/l concentrations of 17beta-oestradiol but much less sensitive to Zeranol and DES. The very high potency of Zeranol compared with other potential endocrine disrupters suggests that Zeranol intake from beef products could have greater impact on consumers than the amounts of the known or suspected endocrine disrupters that have been found in food. Since little data is available in man, there is an urgent need for reliable measurements of the concentration of Zeranol in human serum after ingestion of meat products from treated animals.
Shahira Nofal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
erk activation by Zeranol has neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia reperfusion
Life Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Shimaa K Mohamed, Amany A E Ahmed, Engy Elmorsy, Shahira NofalAbstract:Abstract Aims Incidence of stroke increases in postmenopausal women with dangerous consequences. In this study we used Zeranol to protect ovariectomized (OVX) rats against cerebral I/R damage and our target is to identify the mechanism of its protection, in addition to investigating whether this mechanism inhibits inflammation (by preventing glial cell activation) and apoptosis. Main methods First 18 ovariectomized rats were allocated into 3 groups: I/R group, Zeranol+ I/R group and U0126, MEK1/2 inhibitor + Zeranol+ I/R group. After 24 h reperfusion, protein expression of total extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (t-ERK1/2), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK1/2), Bcl-2, and Bax were quantified. Second 36 female rats were allocated into 3 groups: sham group, I/R group (after ovariectomy by 7 weeks, rats exposed to cerebral I/R) and Zeranol group (after ovariectomy by 2 weeks, rats received Zeranol for 5 weeks). After 24 h of reperfusion, the following parameters were measured; total nitrate/nitrite, interleukin-10, myeloperoxidase, caspase-3, and finally immunohistochemistry analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein, cyclooxygenase-2 in cortex and hippocampus (CA1) regions were performed. Key findings U-0126 administration reversed the neuroprotective effect induced by Zeranol through decreasing ratio of p-ERK1/2:ERK1/2 and Bcl-2/Bax in brain tissue. Activation of ERK signaling pathway by Zeranol caused reduction in brain apoptosis and inflammation. Significance Zeranol showed protective effect in OVX rats that were exposed to cerebral I/R by activation of ERK signaling pathway which was blocked by U0126. This protective effect in turns led to decrease inflammation and apoptosis.
-
the protective effect of Zeranol in cerebral ischemia reperfusion via p creb overexpression
Life Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Shimaa K Mohamed, Amany A E Ahmed, Engy El M Morsy, Shahira NofalAbstract:Abstract Aims Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is a neurovascular disease leading to cerebral damage. It was found that postmenopausal women are liable to more dangerous effects than men at same age in stroke. The objective of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Zeranol against cerebral ischemia reperfusion in ovariectomized rats. Main methods 36 female wistar rats divided in to 3 groups: sham group, I/R group (where I/R was induced 7 weeks after ovariectomy), Zeranol group (0.5 mg/kg every 3 days for 5 weeks before I/R). Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) was performed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion then de-ligated to restore blood flow. After 24 h of reperfusion, rats performed cylinder test to evaluate behavioral dysfunction followed by decapitation. Brain tissues were collected for biochemical measures such as oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, antioxidant markers reduced glutathione, inflammatory markers (interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase), matrix metalloproteinase-9, adenosine triphosphate, brain derived neurotrophic factor, glucose transporter-3, phosphorylated c-AMP response element binding protein and finally nissl staining for histopathological examination. Key findings The Zeranol administered group showed a reversal of neuronal damage caused by ischemia evidenced by the decrease in MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-9 levels, increase GSH, and ATP levels, decrease expression of iNOS in both regions cortex and hippocampus, increase protein level of p-CREB, GLUT-3 and BDNF, increase number of intact neuron cells in both regions and attenuated histological changes in both cortex and hippocampus regions. Significance Zeranol has neuroprotective potential against cerebral ischemia reperfusion in ovariectomized rats.
Gaiping Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
broad spectrum detection of Zeranol and its analogues by a colloidal gold based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay in milk
Food Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Mengqi Yin, Yaning Sun, Yunrui Xing, Guangxu Xing, Yanwei Wang, Yao Wang, Ruiguang Deng, Gaiping ZhangAbstract:Abstract Based on colloidal gold and broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody that binds to Zeranol and its five analogues with high sensitivity, a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) in a competitive format was developed to specifically determine residues of Zeranol, an illegal growth promoter in livestock. In this study, the assay had high sensitivity and was broad-spectrum only for Zeranol and its five analogues, and the results were obtained within 10 min without needing sophisticated procedures. The cutoff values for Zeranol and its five analogues were 10 ng/mL, and the IC50 values for Zeranol, β-zearalanol, zearalanone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol and zearalenone were 1.250, 1.800, 1.775, 1.225, 1.709 and 1.319 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery rates were ranged from 85.6 to 93.9%, with the coefficient of variations less than 12.4%. The results demonstrated that the LFIA could be used for rapid, simultaneous, semi-quantitative and quantitative detection of residues of Zeranol and its five analogous in milk.
-
the broad spectrum and ultra sensitive detection of Zeranol and its analogues by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in cattle origin samples
RSC Advances, 2020Co-Authors: Mengqi Yin, Yaning Sun, Yunrui Xing, Guangxu Xing, Yao Wang, Ruiguang Deng, Shujun Chai, Yanyan Yang, Man Teng, Gaiping ZhangAbstract:Zeranol (α-zearalanol) has been used as a growth promoter in livestock since 1969 in some non-EU countries; the residues of Zeranol and its five analogues in animal origin foods may endanger human health due to their strong estrogenic and anabolic activities. Therefore, it is urgent to establish simple, rapid, real-time, broad-spectrum and high-sensitivity detection methods for the residues of Zeranol and its analogues. In this study, an ultrasensitive indirect-competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was established for the rapid multi-residue detection of Zeranol and its five analogues in cattle origin samples, which was based on a broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically bound to Zeranol and its analogues with high sensitivity. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for Zeranol, β-zearalanol, zearalanone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, and zearalenone were 0.103, 0.080, 0.161, 0.177, 0.254, and 0.194 ng mL−1, respectively, the recovery rates of cattle origin samples spiked with Zeranol ranged from 79.2–104.2%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) values were less than 11.4%. Excellent correlation (R2 = 0.9845) was obtained between the results of HPLC-MS/MS and ic-ELISA. In conclusion, the developed ic-ELISA could be employed as an ultrasensitive and broad-spectrum detection method for monitoring trace ZEN residues in cattle origin foods.
D.g. Kennedy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Determination of resorcylic acid lactones in biological samples by GC-MS. Discrimination between illegal use and contamination with fusarium toxins.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Marco Blokland, D.g. Kennedy, Saskia S. Sterk, R.w. Stephany, F. M. Launay, L.a. Van GinkelAbstract:An EU project, FAIR5-CT-1997-3443, has been undertaken to distinguish illegal use of Zeranol from consumption of food contaminated with Fusarium spp. toxin. One of the tasks was development of screening and confirmatory methods of analysis. This paper describes a new method based on two-step clean-up and GC-MS analysis. The first clean-up step is matrix-dependant; the second is applicable to both urine and meat. The MS is operated in negative chemical ionisation mode. The method is quantitative for Zeranol and taleranol, alpha- and beta-zearalenol, and zearalenone and qualitative for zearalanone. Validation was performed according to the latest EU performance criteria (Commission Decision 2002/657). For analysis of urine CC(alpha) and CC(beta) for the method (microg L(-1)) were 0.06-0.11 for Zeranol, 0.07-0.12 for taleranol, 0.07-0.11 for alpha-zearalenol, 0.21-0.36 for beta-zearalenol, 0.35-0.60 for zearalenone, and 0.19-0.33 zearalanone. Within-laboratory reproducibility was 16.2, 11.2, 31.9, 30.1, 26.6, and 54.2% for Zeranol, taleranol, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol, zearalenone, and zearalanone, respectively. It was found that all the compounds are stable in urine at -20 degrees C for at least a year. Part of the validation program was organisation of a small proficiency study (ringtest) and a correlation study with an LC-MS-MS method developed by the Veterinary Science Division (VSD; Belfast, UK-NI). This study showed there was good correlation between results from both laboratories. The method can be used for quantitative analysis discriminating illegal use of Zeranol from consumption of zearalenone-contaminated food.
-
Confirmatory assay for Zeranol, taleranol and the Fusarium spp. toxins in bovine urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Food Additives and Contaminants, 2004Co-Authors: F. M. Launay, Saskia S. Sterk, Marco Blokland, P. B. Young, D.g. KennedyAbstract:A method is described for the quantitative determination of the veterinary drug Zeranol, its epimer taleranol and the mycotoxins zearalenone, alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol in bovine urine. The method is based on liquid chromatography coupled to negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry of urine extracts prepared by solid-phase extraction with C(18) columns. Two transition ions at m/z 277 and 91 are monitored for Zeranol and taleranol along with the transition ion at m/z 281 for their respective deuterated (d(4)) internal standards. Similarly, two transitions are monitored for each of the three mycotoxins along with a transition ion for each of their corresponding internal standards. The method has been validated according to the new European Union criteria for analysis of veterinary drug residues, and is suitable for monitoring urine samples taken under National Surveillance Schemes. The method has been validated at 1, 1.5 and 2 ng ml(-1) for Zeranol and taleranol and at 5, 10 and 15 ng ml(-1) for each of the three mycotoxins. Correlation between the described method and a routine method, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was assessed using a range of naturally incurred samples.
-
development and validation of dry reagent time resolved fluoroimmunoassays for Zeranol and α zearalenol to assist in distinguishing Zeranol abuse from fusarium spp toxin contamination in bovine urine
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2002Co-Authors: Kevin M Cooper, Timo Lovgren, M Tuomola, Christopher T Elliott, Susanne Lahdenpera, D.g. KennedyAbstract:Zeranol, an oestrogenic growth promoter in food animals, is banned within the European Union (EU). However, commercially available immunoassay kits for Zeranol cross-react with toxins formed by naturally occurring Fusarium spp. fungi, leading to false-positive screening results. This paper describes the validation of a specificity enhanced, rapid dry reagent time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) for Zeranol (recovery 99%, limit of detection 1.3 ng ml-1) demonstrating that up to 150 ng ml-1 of Fusarium spp. toxins in urine do not lead to false-positive results. This assay will assist EU Member States to implement Council Directive 96/23/EC, which requires states to monitor for potential abuses of Zeranol. A similar TR-FIA for the Fusarium spp. toxin α-zearalenol, using the same sample extract, is also described (recovery 68%, limit of detection 5.6 ng ml-1). Only the addition of diluted sample extract is required to perform these dry-reagent TRFIAs, the results being available within 1h of extract appli...
-
Zeranol is formed from Fusarium spp. toxins in cattle in vivo
Food Additives and Contaminants, 1998Co-Authors: D.g. Kennedy, S. A. Hewitt, J. D. G. Mcevoy, J.w. Currie, Andrew Cannavan, W. J. Blanchflower, C.t. ElliotAbstract:Zeranol, a semi-synthetic oestrogenic growth promoter, was banned in the EU in 1988. The ability of Member States to police the ban on Zeranol has been hampered by suggestions from New Zealand and from this laboratory that Zeranol may be formed by the in vivo metabolism of naturally occurring Fusarium spp. toxins. The present study demonstrates that Zeranol is formed from alpha-zearalenol and zearalenone in vivo and is detected in bovine bile following the oral administration of these compounds. However, it is not detected following administration of beta-zearalenol. These data suggest that hydrogenation of alpha-zearalenol, probably in the rumen, is responsible for the appearance of Zeranol. The present study shows that environmental contamination with Fusarium spp. toxins is widespread in Northern Ireland. Fusarium spp. toxins were present in 32% (n = 422) of all bovine bile samples tested for Zeranol during 1995. Zeranol itself was confirmed in 6.6% (n = 28) of the samples. However, the mean alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol concentrations in the bile of Zeranol-positive animals were 12 and 9 times higher, respectively, than those in the Zeranol-negative animals. The alpha-zearalenol concentration always exceeded the Zeranol concentration by at least 5:1. This may, in the future, permit differentiation between Zeranol abuse and natural contamination.
-
possible naturally occurring Zeranol in bovine bile in northern ireland
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B-infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, 1995Co-Authors: D.g. Kennedy, S. A. Hewitt, J. D. G. Mcevoy, Andrew Cannavan, W. J. Blanchflower, W J Mccaughey, Christopher T ElliottAbstract:Summary Zeranol and two Fusarium toxins, α-zearalenol and s-zearalenol, were confirmed by gaschromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in bovine bile samples referred to this laboratory for analysis. No evidence of Zeranol abuse was found on-farm. Given the recent suggestion that Zeranol might arise from the metabolism of these Fusarium toxins, and the finding of Zeranol in bovine and ovine urine across the EU, it was concluded that the residues had arisen as a result of natural metabolism.
