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Nadezda Vrchotova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phenolics levels in different parts of common buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum Achenes
Journal of Cereal Science, 2019Co-Authors: Jana Kalinova, Nadezda Vrchotova, Jan TřiskaAbstract:Abstract Common buckwheat Achenes have high antioxidant activity due to their high phenol and especially flavonoid content. In general, the highest phenol contents in seeds is related to the seed coat layers. However, there is insufficient information about the composition of the individual parts of the buckwheat Achene. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and content of selected phenols within the individual parts of buckwheat Achenes as well as the influence of soaking before hulling had on the phenol content. The seed coat was the part with the widest range of detected compounds, and also with the highest total content of phenolics from all groat parts. The seed coat was especially rich in epicatechin (257.60 mg/kg), procyanidin B2 (118.6 mg/kg), and epicatechin gallate (61.27 mg/kg). The embryo axis with the cotyledons is rich in rutin (283.37 mg/kg) and catechin (161.41 mg/kg). Contrary to groats, vanillic acid, vanillin, vitexin, quercitrin, and protocatechuic acid were detected in the buckwheat hulls. One-hour soaking of the Achenes in tap water before dehulling caused a significant decrease (37%) in the content of phenolic compounds. The variety Spacinska had the highest level of identified phenolic compounds in the buckwheat hulls.
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the influence of organic and conventional crop management variety and year on the yield and flavonoid level in common buckwheat groats
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Jana Kalinova, Nadezda VrchotovaAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a pseudocereal that is cultivated for its Achenes that possess a high level of flavonoids. Some scientific studies have found that the growing conditions can significantly affect the flavonoid content in conventional and organic food products. Hence, the present study compared conventionally and organically produced common buckwheat with respect to the content of selected flavonoids, thousand Achenes weight and Achene yield. Three buckwheat varieties were grown with organic and conventional crop management under the same environmental conditions. The thousand Achenes weight and Achene yield were not significantly influenced by way of crop management. The level of rutin, epicatechin, catechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat groats (hulled Achenes) were quantified with high pressure liquid chromatography. Only rutin and epicatechin gallate reached significantly higher level in organic groats. However, the differences were influenced by environmental conditions in the given year and variety.
Jana Kalinova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phenolics levels in different parts of common buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum Achenes
Journal of Cereal Science, 2019Co-Authors: Jana Kalinova, Nadezda Vrchotova, Jan TřiskaAbstract:Abstract Common buckwheat Achenes have high antioxidant activity due to their high phenol and especially flavonoid content. In general, the highest phenol contents in seeds is related to the seed coat layers. However, there is insufficient information about the composition of the individual parts of the buckwheat Achene. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and content of selected phenols within the individual parts of buckwheat Achenes as well as the influence of soaking before hulling had on the phenol content. The seed coat was the part with the widest range of detected compounds, and also with the highest total content of phenolics from all groat parts. The seed coat was especially rich in epicatechin (257.60 mg/kg), procyanidin B2 (118.6 mg/kg), and epicatechin gallate (61.27 mg/kg). The embryo axis with the cotyledons is rich in rutin (283.37 mg/kg) and catechin (161.41 mg/kg). Contrary to groats, vanillic acid, vanillin, vitexin, quercitrin, and protocatechuic acid were detected in the buckwheat hulls. One-hour soaking of the Achenes in tap water before dehulling caused a significant decrease (37%) in the content of phenolic compounds. The variety Spacinska had the highest level of identified phenolic compounds in the buckwheat hulls.
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the influence of organic and conventional crop management variety and year on the yield and flavonoid level in common buckwheat groats
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Jana Kalinova, Nadezda VrchotovaAbstract:Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a pseudocereal that is cultivated for its Achenes that possess a high level of flavonoids. Some scientific studies have found that the growing conditions can significantly affect the flavonoid content in conventional and organic food products. Hence, the present study compared conventionally and organically produced common buckwheat with respect to the content of selected flavonoids, thousand Achenes weight and Achene yield. Three buckwheat varieties were grown with organic and conventional crop management under the same environmental conditions. The thousand Achenes weight and Achene yield were not significantly influenced by way of crop management. The level of rutin, epicatechin, catechin, and epicatechin gallate in buckwheat groats (hulled Achenes) were quantified with high pressure liquid chromatography. Only rutin and epicatechin gallate reached significantly higher level in organic groats. However, the differences were influenced by environmental conditions in the given year and variety.
Eric Imbert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Capitulum characters in a seed heteromorphic plant, Crepis sancta (Asteraceae): variance partitioning and inference for the evolution of dispersal rate
Heredity, 2001Co-Authors: Eric ImbertAbstract:In Crepis sancta (Asteraceae), Achenes produced in the periphery of the flower head have reduced dispersal ability and are larger than Achenes produced in the centre of the head, which disperse farther. The proportion of central Achenes produced by a single individual represents the potential dispersal rate of its progeny. Seed variation in dispersal ability may be important where there is spatio-temporal variability of habitats, but its evolutionary significance mainly depends on the heritability of the relative proportions of each Achene morph. However, the number of peripheral Achenes in a capitulum, and that of involucral bracts are suggested to depend on the number of parastichies, a canalized character. From a diallel cross design, phenotypic variance for several capitulum traits was partitioned among six variance components, including the additive variance. The phenotypic values of some head traits reflected the expected frequency due to ontogeny, in particular the number of involucral bracts. Yet, this character also had a significant heritability, suggesting that variation around the mode of the distribution was not only due to developmental noise. The additive variance for number of peripheral and central Achenes was not significantly different from zero. In contrast, their respective proportion had a narrow sense heritability greater than 0.20. The present results suggest that the percentage of central Achenes per individual, and thus the potential dispersal rate in Crepis sancta, is under quantitative genetic control, and could undergo microevolutionary changes in natural populations.
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the effects of Achene dimorphism on the dispersal in time and space in crepis sancta asteraceae
Botany, 1999Co-Authors: Eric ImbertAbstract:In the annual species, Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm., peripheral and central florets of the capitulum yield Achenes that differ in mass, colour, morphology, and in the presence-absence of pappus. To examine the consequences of seed dimorphism on dispersal in time in this species, I compared the viability of central and peripheral Achenes stored for up to 5 years. Both the germination percentage and the early seedling survival of both morphs decreased progressively with duration of storage. However, the loss in viability was lower for peripheral Achenes than for central ones. Furthermore, two independent experiments showed that peripheral Achenes have reduced dispersal ability, whereas the pappus unit of central Achenes confers greater dispersal ability. These differences between Achene types may explain the persistence of this colonizing species in communities dominated by perennial species, which is a major ecological feature of C. sancta.Key words: dispersal, dormancy, mixed strategy, secondary succession.
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Achene dimorphism and among population variation in crepis sancta asteraceae
International Journal of Plant Sciences, 1996Co-Authors: Eric Imbert, Jose Escarre, Jacques LepartAbstract:Crepis sancta is an annual composite that colonizes abandoned agricultural land and shows Achene dimorphism. The Achenes on the periphery of the capitulum are heavy (0.27 mg) and are without a pappus, whereas those in the center are light (0.10 mg), more numerous, and bear a pappus. Several studies of other species of Asteraceae have shown that these morphological differentiations are accompanied by biological differences, but few studies have tested whether these differences are constant between populations. We compared the germination, growth, phenology, and reproductive effort of plants derived from these two types of Achenes from three populations that had been established for 3, 13, and 36 yr. The peripheral Achenes from the young population germinated fastest and gave rise to the most vigorous individuals. The differences in the two other populations were slight or nonexistent. By comparing the morphs between populations, pregermination dormancy and plant vigor were found to be different among popul...
Gokhan Arslan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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micromorphological anatomical and cytogenetical studies in endemic crepis macropus boiss heldr asteraceae from turkey
Acta Botanica Croatica, 2016Co-Authors: Huseyin Inceer, Nursen Aksu Kalmuk, Kemal Vehbi Imamoglu, Ozge Duman, Sema Hayirliogluayaz, Gokhan ArslanAbstract:In the present study, the micromorphological structure of Achene, pappus and style using scanning electron microscope (SEM), stomatal characteristics, anatomy of stem and Achene together with chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of the Turkish endemic Crepis macropus Boiss. & Heldr. are provided in order to expand knowledge of its taxonomy. The SEM studies in this species show that dense spiny cells are found on the Achene surface, the pappus bristle has 3–5 spikes and the style possesses slender papillae. The stem structure is composed of epidermis, collenchyma, parenchymatous cortex and pith. The species has anomocytic stomata in both the upper and the lower surface of the leaves. The pericarp of the Achene is mainly composed of several layers of sclerenchymatous cells. In this species, the chromosome number is 2n = 2x = 8, karyotype consists of two submetacentric and six subtelocentric chromosomes and nuclear DNA content (2Cvalue) is 12.96 pg. These data are presented here for the first time and their taxonomic values are discussed.
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Micromorphological, anatomical and cytogenetical studies in endemic Crepis macropus Boiss. & Heldr. (Asteraceae) from Turkey
'Walter de Gruyter GmbH', 2016Co-Authors: Huseyin Inceer, Nursen Aksu Kalmuk, Kemal Vehbi Imamoglu, Ozge Duman, Sema Hayirlioglu-ayaz, Gokhan ArslanAbstract:In the present study, the micromorphological structure of Achene, pappus and style using scanning electron microscope (SEM), stomatal characteristics, anatomy of stem and Achene together with chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of the Turkish endemic Crepis macropus Boiss. & Heldr. are provided in order to expand knowledge of its taxonomy. The SEM studies in this species show that dense spiny cells are found on the Achene surface, the pappus bristle has 3–5 spikes and the style possesses slender papillae. The stem structure is composed of epidermis, collenchyma, parenchymatous cortex and pith. The species has anomocytic stomata in both the upper and the lower surface of the leaves. The pericarp of the Achene is mainly composed of several layers of sclerenchymatous cells. In this species, the chromosome number is 2n = 2x = 8, karyotype consists of two submetacentric and six subtelocentric chromosomes and nuclear DNA content (2Cvalue) is 12.96 pg. These data are presented here for the first time and their taxonomic values are discussed
Jan Třiska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phenolics levels in different parts of common buckwheat fagopyrum esculentum Achenes
Journal of Cereal Science, 2019Co-Authors: Jana Kalinova, Nadezda Vrchotova, Jan TřiskaAbstract:Abstract Common buckwheat Achenes have high antioxidant activity due to their high phenol and especially flavonoid content. In general, the highest phenol contents in seeds is related to the seed coat layers. However, there is insufficient information about the composition of the individual parts of the buckwheat Achene. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and content of selected phenols within the individual parts of buckwheat Achenes as well as the influence of soaking before hulling had on the phenol content. The seed coat was the part with the widest range of detected compounds, and also with the highest total content of phenolics from all groat parts. The seed coat was especially rich in epicatechin (257.60 mg/kg), procyanidin B2 (118.6 mg/kg), and epicatechin gallate (61.27 mg/kg). The embryo axis with the cotyledons is rich in rutin (283.37 mg/kg) and catechin (161.41 mg/kg). Contrary to groats, vanillic acid, vanillin, vitexin, quercitrin, and protocatechuic acid were detected in the buckwheat hulls. One-hour soaking of the Achenes in tap water before dehulling caused a significant decrease (37%) in the content of phenolic compounds. The variety Spacinska had the highest level of identified phenolic compounds in the buckwheat hulls.
