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Gladius Lewis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Probabilistic characteristics of random damage events and their quantification in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Gang Qi, Gladius Lewis, Steven F. Wayne, Oliver Penrose, John I. Hochstein, Kenneth A. Mann
    Abstract:

    The failure of brittle and quasi-brittle polymers can be attributed to a multitude of random microscopic damage modes, such as fibril breakage, crazing, and microfracture. As the load increases, new damage modes appear, and existing ones can transition into others. In the example polymer used in this study—a commercially available Acrylic Bone Cement—these modes, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces, include nucleation of voids, cracking, and local detachment of the beads from the matrix. Here, we made acoustic measurements of the randomly generated microscopic events (RGME) that occurred in the material under pure tension and under three-point bending, and characterized the severity of the damage by the entropy ( s ) of the probability distribution of the observed acoustic signal amplitudes. We correlated s with the applied stress (σ) by establishing an empirical s–σ relationship, which quantifies the activities of RGME under Mode I stress. It reveals the state of random damage modes: when d s /dσ > 0, the number of damage modes present increases with increasing stress, whereas it decreases when d s /dσ 

  • probabilistic characteristics of random damage events and their quantification in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Steven F. Wayne, Gladius Lewis, Oliver Penrose, John I. Hochstein, Kenneth A. Mann
    Abstract:

    The failure of brittle and quasi-brittle polymers can be attributed to a multitude of random microscopic damage modes, such as fibril breakage, crazing, and microfracture. As the load increases, new damage modes appear, and existing ones can transition into others. In the example polymer used in this study—a commercially available Acrylic Bone Cement—these modes, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces, include nucleation of voids, cracking, and local detachment of the beads from the matrix. Here, we made acoustic measurements of the randomly generated microscopic events (RGME) that occurred in the material under pure tension and under three-point bending, and characterized the severity of the damage by the entropy (s) of the probability distribution of the observed acoustic signal amplitudes. We correlated s with the applied stress (σ) by establishing an empirical s–σ relationship, which quantifies the activities of RGME under Mode I stress. It reveals the state of random damage modes: when ds/dσ > 0, the number of damage modes present increases with increasing stress, whereas it decreases when ds/dσ < 0. When ds/dσ ≈ 0, no new random damage modes occur. In the s–σ curve, there exists a transition zone, with the stress at the “knee point” in this zone (center of the zone) corresponding to ~30 and ~35% of the Cement’s tensile and bending strengths, respectively. This finding explains the effects of RGME on material fatigue performance and may be used to approximate fatigue limit.

  • alternative Acrylic Bone Cement formulations for Cemented arthroplasties present status key issues and future prospects
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, 2008
    Co-Authors: Gladius Lewis
    Abstract:

    All the commercially available plain Acrylic Bone Cement brands that are used in Cemented arthroplasties are based on poly (methyl methacrylate) and, with a few exceptions, have the same constituents. It is well known that these brands are beset with many drawbacks, such as high maximum exotherm temperature, lack of bioactivity, and volumetric shrinkage upon curing. Furthermore, concerns have been raised about a number of the constituents, such as toxicity of the activator (N,N,dimethyl-p-toluidine) and possible involvement of the radiopacifier (BaSO4 or ZrO2 particles) in third-body wear. Thus, over the years, many research efforts have been expended to address these drawbacks, culminating in a large number of alternative formulations, which may be grouped into 16 categories. Although there are a number of reviews of the large literature that now exists on these formulations, each covers only some of the categories and none contains a detailed discussion of the germane issues. The objective of the present work, therefore, was to present a comprehensive and critical review of the whole field. In addition to succinct descriptions of the Cements in each category, there are explicative summaries of literature reports, a detailed discussion of several key issues surrounding the potential for use of these Cements in Cemented arthroplasties, and a presentation of numerous ideas for future studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008

  • Influence of strontia on various properties of surgical simplex P Acrylic Bone Cement and experimental variants.
    Acta biomaterialia, 2007
    Co-Authors: Gladius Lewis, Seamus Madigan, Mark R. Towler
    Abstract:

    The fact that the composition of Acrylic Bone Cement, as used in Cemented primary arthroplasties, is not optimal has been highlighted in the literature. For example: (i) deleterious effects of the radiopacifier (BaSO(4) or ZrO(2) particles in the powder) have been reported; (ii) there is an indication that pre-polymerized poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) beads in the powder may be dispensed with; and (iii) there is a strong consensus that the accelerator commonly used, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT), is toxic and has many other undesirable properties. At the same time, the effectiveness of drugs that contain a strontium compound in treating the effects of osteoporosis has been explained in terms of the role of strontium in Bone formation and resorption. This indicates that strontium compounds may also have desirable effects on osseointegration of arthroplasties. The present study is a detailed evaluation of 24 Acrylic Bone Cement formulations comprising different relative amounts of BaSO(4), strontia (as an alternative radiopacifier), pre-polymerized PMMA beads and DMPT. A large number of properties of the curing and cured Cement were determined, including setting time, polymerization rate, fracture toughness and fatigue life. The focus was on the radiopacifier, with the finding being that many properties of formulations that contained strontia were about the same or better than those for Cements that contained BaSO(4). Thus, further developmental work on strontia-containing Acrylic Bone Cements is justified, with a view to making them candidates for use in Cemented primary arthroplasties.

  • Influence of two changes in the composition of an Acrylic Bone Cement on its handling, thermal, physical, and mechanical properties.
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2007
    Co-Authors: Gladius Lewis, Sheri Madigan, Jie Xu, Mark R. Towler
    Abstract:

    This study is a contribution to the growing body of work on the influence of changes in the composition of an Acrylic Bone Cement on various properties of the curing and cured material. The focus is on one commercially-available Acrylic Bone Cement brand, Surgical Simplex®P, and three variants of it and a series of properties, namely, setting time, maximum exotherm temperature, activation energy and frequency factor for the polymerization reaction, diffusion coefficient for the uptake of phosphate buffered saline, at 37 °C, ultimate compressive strength (UCS), plane-strain fracture toughness, fatigue life (under fully-reversed tension-compression stress), hardness (H) and elastic modulus (both determined using quasi-static nanoindentation), and the variation of the storage and loss moduli with frequency of the applied force in a dynamic nanoindentation test. It was found that (a) a 68% reduction in the volume of the activator, N,N dimethyl-4-toluidine, relative to the total volume of the liquid monomer (the amounts of all the constituents in the powder and of the hydroquinone in the liquid monomer remaining unchanged) led to, for example, a significant decrease in the rate of the polymerization reaction, at 37 °C (c′) and a significant increase in H; and (b) the elimination of the pre-polymerized poly (methyl methacrylate) beads in the powder (the amounts of all the other powder constituents and those of the liquid monomer remaining unchanged) led to, for example, a significant drop in c′ and a significant increase in UCS. Thus, these findings suggest a strategy for optimizing the composition of an Acrylic Bone Cement.

Mervi Puska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Biomineralization of Glass Fibre Reinforced Porous Acrylic Bone Cement
    Key Engineering Materials, 2007
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Ari-pekka Forsback, Antti Yli-urpo, Jukka Seppälä, Pekka K. Vallittu
    Abstract:

    Acrylic Bone Cements are used to fix joint replaCements to Bone. The main substance in Acrylic Bone Cement is biologically inert poly(methylmethacrylate), PMMA. The dense PMMA polymer structure of Cement does not allow Bone ingrowth into Cement. Therefore, the main focus of our studies is to modify Acrylic Bone Cement in order to improve its biological properties e.g., by creating porosity in the Cement matrix. The porous structure is in situ created using pore-generating filler (i.e., 20 wt% of an experimental biodegradable polyamide) that is incorporated in Acrylic Bone Cement. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the biomineralization of Acrylic Bone Cement modified using an experimental biodegradable polyamide.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide of Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline used as Porogen Filler in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Pekka Vallittu, Karri Airola
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to synthesize on a larger scale, an experimental polyamide based on an amino acid of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline has been used as porogen filler (i.e., a hydrophilic pore generating material) in nondegradable Acrylic Bone Cement. In in vitro studies, this hydrophilic filling component has been shown to form porosity within the Acrylic Bone Cement in an aqueous environment. The formation of in situ porosity in the Acrylic polymer matrix is believed to improve the fixation between the Cement and the living Bone. Namely, a porous structure can support Bone ingrowth and strengthen the mechanical connection between the Acrylic Bone Cement and the Bone. The monomer, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester, was prepared from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by means of two steps, and the monomer was then polymerized to polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polymerization was carried out using a melt polycondensation method. The molecular weights (M) of the produced polyamides were between 1800 and 3600. The products were characterized by FTIR and H-NMR spectroscopy.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide of Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline used as Porogen Filler in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of biomaterials applications, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Pekka K. Vallittu, Karri Airola
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to synthesize on a larger scale, an experimental polyamide based on an amino acid of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline has been used as porogen filler (i.e., a hydrophilic pore generating material) in nondegradable Acrylic Bone Cement. In in vitro studies, this hydrophilic filling component has been shown to form porosity within the Acrylic Bone Cement in an aqueous environment. The formation of in situ porosity in the Acrylic polymer matrix is believed to improve the fixation between the Cement and the living Bone. Namely, a porous structure can support Bone ingrowth and strengthen the mechanical connection between the Acrylic Bone Cement and the Bone. The monomer, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester, was prepared from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by means of two steps, and the monomer was then polymerized to polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy- L-proline. The polymerization was carried out using a melt polycondensation method. The molecular weights (M) of the produced polyamides were between

  • Flexural properties of crosslinked and oligomer-modified glass-fibre reinforced Acrylic Bone Cement.
    Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Timo Närhi, Allan J. Aho, Pekka K. Vallittu
    Abstract:

    The flexural properties of oligomer-modified Bone Cement with various quantities of crosslinking monomer with or without glass fibre reinforCement were studied. The flexural strength and modulus of Acrylic Bone Cement-based test specimens (N=6), including crosslinked and oligomer-modified structures with or without glass fibres, were measured in dry conditions and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for seven days (analysis with ANOVA). One test specimen from the Acrylic Bone Cement group containing 30 wt % crosslinking monomer of its total monomer content was examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate signs of the semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). The highest dry mean flexural strength (130 MPa) was achieved with the Bone Cement/crosslinking monomer/glass fibre combination containing 5 wt % crosslinking monomer of its monomer content. The highest flexural modulus (11.5 GPa) was achieved with the Bone Cement/crosslinking monomer/glass fibre combination containing 30 wt % crosslinking monomer of its monomer content. SBF storage decreased the flexural properties of the test specimens, as did the addition of the oligomer filler. Nevertheless, the addition of crosslinking monomer and chopped glass fibres improves considerably the mechanical properties of oligomer-modified (i.e. porosity-producing filler containing) Acrylic Bone Cement. In addition, some signs of the semi-IPN structure were observed by SEM examination.

  • mechanical properties of oligomer modified Acrylic Bone Cement
    Biomaterials, 2003
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Timo Närhi, Anne Kokkari, Pekka K. Vallittu
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of Acrylic Bone Cement modified with an experimental oligomer filler, based on an amino acid of trans-4-hydroxy- L -proline synthesized in the laboratory. The test specimens were tested either dry, or after being stored in distilled water or in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1 week and then tested in distilled water. The three-point bending test was used to measure the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the Cement, and the compression tests were used to measure the compression strength and modulus. One test specimen from each group was examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the nature of the oligomer filler in the polymethylmethacrylate–polymethylacrylate copolymer-based (PMMA–PMA/PMMA) polymer blend. In dry conditions, the flexural strength of the test specimens tested in air was 66 MPa , and the compression strength was 93 GPa (p 20 wt % of oligomer filler, the flexural strength was 37 MPa , and the compression strength was 102 MPa (p in dry conditions. The storage in wet conditions (in distilled water and the SBF) decreased the flexural strength of the test specimens with 20 wt % of oligomer filler (p

Karri Airola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide of Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline used as Porogen Filler in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Pekka Vallittu, Karri Airola
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to synthesize on a larger scale, an experimental polyamide based on an amino acid of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline has been used as porogen filler (i.e., a hydrophilic pore generating material) in nondegradable Acrylic Bone Cement. In in vitro studies, this hydrophilic filling component has been shown to form porosity within the Acrylic Bone Cement in an aqueous environment. The formation of in situ porosity in the Acrylic polymer matrix is believed to improve the fixation between the Cement and the living Bone. Namely, a porous structure can support Bone ingrowth and strengthen the mechanical connection between the Acrylic Bone Cement and the Bone. The monomer, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester, was prepared from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by means of two steps, and the monomer was then polymerized to polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polymerization was carried out using a melt polycondensation method. The molecular weights (M) of the produced polyamides were between 1800 and 3600. The products were characterized by FTIR and H-NMR spectroscopy.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide of Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline used as Porogen Filler in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of biomaterials applications, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Pekka K. Vallittu, Karri Airola
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to synthesize on a larger scale, an experimental polyamide based on an amino acid of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline has been used as porogen filler (i.e., a hydrophilic pore generating material) in nondegradable Acrylic Bone Cement. In in vitro studies, this hydrophilic filling component has been shown to form porosity within the Acrylic Bone Cement in an aqueous environment. The formation of in situ porosity in the Acrylic polymer matrix is believed to improve the fixation between the Cement and the living Bone. Namely, a porous structure can support Bone ingrowth and strengthen the mechanical connection between the Acrylic Bone Cement and the Bone. The monomer, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester, was prepared from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by means of two steps, and the monomer was then polymerized to polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy- L-proline. The polymerization was carried out using a melt polycondensation method. The molecular weights (M) of the produced polyamides were between

Kenneth A. Mann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Probabilistic characteristics of random damage events and their quantification in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Gang Qi, Gladius Lewis, Steven F. Wayne, Oliver Penrose, John I. Hochstein, Kenneth A. Mann
    Abstract:

    The failure of brittle and quasi-brittle polymers can be attributed to a multitude of random microscopic damage modes, such as fibril breakage, crazing, and microfracture. As the load increases, new damage modes appear, and existing ones can transition into others. In the example polymer used in this study—a commercially available Acrylic Bone Cement—these modes, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces, include nucleation of voids, cracking, and local detachment of the beads from the matrix. Here, we made acoustic measurements of the randomly generated microscopic events (RGME) that occurred in the material under pure tension and under three-point bending, and characterized the severity of the damage by the entropy ( s ) of the probability distribution of the observed acoustic signal amplitudes. We correlated s with the applied stress (σ) by establishing an empirical s–σ relationship, which quantifies the activities of RGME under Mode I stress. It reveals the state of random damage modes: when d s /dσ > 0, the number of damage modes present increases with increasing stress, whereas it decreases when d s /dσ 

  • probabilistic characteristics of random damage events and their quantification in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Steven F. Wayne, Gladius Lewis, Oliver Penrose, John I. Hochstein, Kenneth A. Mann
    Abstract:

    The failure of brittle and quasi-brittle polymers can be attributed to a multitude of random microscopic damage modes, such as fibril breakage, crazing, and microfracture. As the load increases, new damage modes appear, and existing ones can transition into others. In the example polymer used in this study—a commercially available Acrylic Bone Cement—these modes, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces, include nucleation of voids, cracking, and local detachment of the beads from the matrix. Here, we made acoustic measurements of the randomly generated microscopic events (RGME) that occurred in the material under pure tension and under three-point bending, and characterized the severity of the damage by the entropy (s) of the probability distribution of the observed acoustic signal amplitudes. We correlated s with the applied stress (σ) by establishing an empirical s–σ relationship, which quantifies the activities of RGME under Mode I stress. It reveals the state of random damage modes: when ds/dσ > 0, the number of damage modes present increases with increasing stress, whereas it decreases when ds/dσ < 0. When ds/dσ ≈ 0, no new random damage modes occur. In the s–σ curve, there exists a transition zone, with the stress at the “knee point” in this zone (center of the zone) corresponding to ~30 and ~35% of the Cement’s tensile and bending strengths, respectively. This finding explains the effects of RGME on material fatigue performance and may be used to approximate fatigue limit.

Antti Yli-urpo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Biomineralization of Glass Fibre Reinforced Porous Acrylic Bone Cement
    Key Engineering Materials, 2007
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Ari-pekka Forsback, Antti Yli-urpo, Jukka Seppälä, Pekka K. Vallittu
    Abstract:

    Acrylic Bone Cements are used to fix joint replaCements to Bone. The main substance in Acrylic Bone Cement is biologically inert poly(methylmethacrylate), PMMA. The dense PMMA polymer structure of Cement does not allow Bone ingrowth into Cement. Therefore, the main focus of our studies is to modify Acrylic Bone Cement in order to improve its biological properties e.g., by creating porosity in the Cement matrix. The porous structure is in situ created using pore-generating filler (i.e., 20 wt% of an experimental biodegradable polyamide) that is incorporated in Acrylic Bone Cement. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the biomineralization of Acrylic Bone Cement modified using an experimental biodegradable polyamide.

  • Exothermal Characteristics and Release of Residual Monomers from Fiber-reinforced Oligomer-modified Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mervi A. Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Pekka K. Vallittu, Lippo V. Lassila, Allan J. Aho, Ilkka Kangasniemi
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study is to determine the peak temperature of polymerization, the setting time and the release of residual monomers of a modified Acrylic Bone Cement. PalacosR, a commercial Bone Cement, is used as the main component. The Cement is modified by adding short glass fibers and resorbable oligomer fillers, and an additional cross-linking monomer. The test specimens are classified according to the composition of the Bone Cement matrix (i.e., oligomer-filler, glass-fiber reinforCement, and/or cross-linking monomer). The exothermal characteristics during autopolymerization are analyzed using a transducer connected with a computer. The quantities of residual monomers were analyzed from different test groups using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The Δ value for the oligomer filler and the glass-fiber-containing Acrylic Bone Cement is lower than that for the unmodified Bone Cement (2.1±0.8 vs. 23.5±4.2°C). The addition of a cross-linking monomer, EGDMA, shortens the setting time of the autopolymerization of the unmodified Bone Cement (7.1±0.9min vs. 3.3 ±0.3min). The quantity of the residual monomers released is higher in the modified Bone Cement than that in the unmodified Cement. The Cement that contains glass fibers and oligomer fillers has a considerably lower exothermal peak, whereas the total quantity of residual monomers released is increased.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide of Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline used as Porogen Filler in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Pekka Vallittu, Karri Airola
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to synthesize on a larger scale, an experimental polyamide based on an amino acid of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline has been used as porogen filler (i.e., a hydrophilic pore generating material) in nondegradable Acrylic Bone Cement. In in vitro studies, this hydrophilic filling component has been shown to form porosity within the Acrylic Bone Cement in an aqueous environment. The formation of in situ porosity in the Acrylic polymer matrix is believed to improve the fixation between the Cement and the living Bone. Namely, a porous structure can support Bone ingrowth and strengthen the mechanical connection between the Acrylic Bone Cement and the Bone. The monomer, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester, was prepared from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by means of two steps, and the monomer was then polymerized to polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polymerization was carried out using a melt polycondensation method. The molecular weights (M) of the produced polyamides were between 1800 and 3600. The products were characterized by FTIR and H-NMR spectroscopy.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Polyamide of Trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline used as Porogen Filler in Acrylic Bone Cement
    Journal of biomaterials applications, 2005
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Pekka K. Vallittu, Karri Airola
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to synthesize on a larger scale, an experimental polyamide based on an amino acid of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline has been used as porogen filler (i.e., a hydrophilic pore generating material) in nondegradable Acrylic Bone Cement. In in vitro studies, this hydrophilic filling component has been shown to form porosity within the Acrylic Bone Cement in an aqueous environment. The formation of in situ porosity in the Acrylic polymer matrix is believed to improve the fixation between the Cement and the living Bone. Namely, a porous structure can support Bone ingrowth and strengthen the mechanical connection between the Acrylic Bone Cement and the Bone. The monomer, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline methyl ester, was prepared from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline by means of two steps, and the monomer was then polymerized to polyamide of trans-4-hydroxy- L-proline. The polymerization was carried out using a melt polycondensation method. The molecular weights (M) of the produced polyamides were between

  • Flexural properties of crosslinked and oligomer-modified glass-fibre reinforced Acrylic Bone Cement.
    Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Mervi Puska, Antti Yli-urpo, Timo Närhi, Allan J. Aho, Pekka K. Vallittu
    Abstract:

    The flexural properties of oligomer-modified Bone Cement with various quantities of crosslinking monomer with or without glass fibre reinforCement were studied. The flexural strength and modulus of Acrylic Bone Cement-based test specimens (N=6), including crosslinked and oligomer-modified structures with or without glass fibres, were measured in dry conditions and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for seven days (analysis with ANOVA). One test specimen from the Acrylic Bone Cement group containing 30 wt % crosslinking monomer of its total monomer content was examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate signs of the semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN). The highest dry mean flexural strength (130 MPa) was achieved with the Bone Cement/crosslinking monomer/glass fibre combination containing 5 wt % crosslinking monomer of its monomer content. The highest flexural modulus (11.5 GPa) was achieved with the Bone Cement/crosslinking monomer/glass fibre combination containing 30 wt % crosslinking monomer of its monomer content. SBF storage decreased the flexural properties of the test specimens, as did the addition of the oligomer filler. Nevertheless, the addition of crosslinking monomer and chopped glass fibres improves considerably the mechanical properties of oligomer-modified (i.e. porosity-producing filler containing) Acrylic Bone Cement. In addition, some signs of the semi-IPN structure were observed by SEM examination.