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S M Salom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • release and colonization of laricobius osakensis coleoptera derodontidae a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid adelges tsugae
    Neotropical Primates, 2016
    Co-Authors: Katlin Mooneyham, S M Salom, Loke T. Kok
    Abstract:

    Abstract Biological control of Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae; Hemlock Woolly Adelgid [HWA]) is an essential component of a management plan for this non-native pest of Tsuga spp. native to eastern N. America. The predatory beetle Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) shows potential as a biological control agent because of its coevolved life-cycle with HWA in its native habitat and its voracious appetite for HWA. In the first releases ever made for this species, adult beetles were introduced at 4 sites in the eastern United States with 2 long-term objectives: (1) suppressing HWA populations, and (2) developing field insectaries for re-distribution of predators in the future. Our immediate objectives were to determine the predator's survival and colonization in eastern Tsuga forests following their introduction. In addition, L. osakensis eggs were set out at the 4 release sites. Results from the first year post-release of adult beetles indicated that reproduction occu...

  • Possible Use of Field Insectaries to Rear Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Predators
    2013
    Co-Authors: L. T. Kok, S M Salom
    Abstract:

    Suppression of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae), in the Eastern United States has focussed on several predators as biological control agents. Three have been released and large numbers of each species will be needed for additional releases. Current rearing programs of predators of the HWA in the laboratory require an abundance of prey that may be scarce at critical times. As predators generally require a larger food base than parasitoids, the success of any rearing program depends on the availability of an adequate source of prey to sustain their populations. We propose that field insectaries be explored for propagation of HWA predators to supplement lab-rearing programs. Keywords: Hemlock woolly adelgid, field insectary, rearing HWA predators

  • Laboratory Rearing of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae): A Predator of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
    Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 2012
    Co-Authors: S M Salom, Ashley Lamb, Loke T. Kok, Carrie S. Jubb
    Abstract:

    Coleopteran species are biological control agents of numerous invasive pests. Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predaceous, univoltine species, spends the summer aestivating but is active for the rest of the year. Laricobius nigrinus possesses many essential attributes for effective biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). The predator must be reared in large numbers for field releases. We describe some of the studies that led to the successful procedures currently used for mass rearing L. nigrinus.

  • host range of laricobius osakensis coleoptera derodontidae a new biological control agent of hemlock woolly adelgid hemiptera Adelgidae
    Environmental Entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ligia C Vieira, S M Salom, T J Mcavoy, J Chantos, A B Lamb, L. T. Kok
    Abstract:

    Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an invasive pest of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) and Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana Englem.) in eastern United States. Host-range tests for Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), imported from Japan, were conducted under quarantine in Blacksburg, VA, to determine the suitability of this predator as a biological control agent of A. tsugae. Host-range testing for L. osakensis, involved no-choice and paired choice feeding, oviposition, and development tests with A. tsugae, three other adelgids, and three nonadelgid species. L. osakensis fed and laid more eggs on A. tsugae over all the other host species. The difference was greater in paired-choice tests. L. osakensis completed development only on A. tsugae. The overall results of the host range study indicate that L. osakensis is a specific predator of A. tsugae, supporting its potential as a biological control agent, and is not a threat to nontarget species populations.

  • Lethal and sublethal effects of imidacloprid on hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) and two introduced predator species.
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Brian M. Eisenback, S M Salom, Loke T. Kok, Anthony F. Lagalante
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, branchlets were systemically treated with imidacloprid and bioassayed with hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), and predators. After 10 d, two hemlock woolly adelgid predators, Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) and Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji & McClure (Coleoptera: Coc-cinellidae), were allowed to feed on remaining hemlock woolly adelgid for 20 d on branches systemically treated with 1, 10. or 100 ppm imidacloprid. Every 5 d, mortality, mobility (measured as flip time), number of hemlock woolly adelgid consumed, and degree of intoxication of each individual beetle were recorded. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify imidacloprid and some of its major metabolites in hemlock wood tissues and in the predator beetles postmortem. Probit analysis of hemlock woolly adelgid mortality and imidacloprid concentrations recovered from branch wood tissues determined the 30 d LC50 to be...

Nathan P Havill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a new genus of chamaemyiidae diptera lauxanioidea predaceous on Adelgidae hemiptera with a key to chamaemyiid species associated with pinaceae feeding sternorrhyncha
    Zootaxa, 2021
    Co-Authors: Stephen D Gaimari, Nathan P Havill
    Abstract:

    A new genus of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) is described, namely Leucotaraxis gen. nov. (type species Leucopis atrifacies Aldrich; other included species Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Zetterstedt), comb. nov., Leucotaraxis piniperda (Malloch), comb. nov., and Leucotaraxis sepiola sp. nov.). These species are predators of Adelgidae (Hemiptera) infesting Pinaceae. Leucotaraxis argenticollis is Holarctic, while the other three species are Nearctic. The phylogeny of Leucotaraxis with other representatives of Chamaemyiidae was elucidated using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences and the genus was found to be monophyletic. Egg and puparial stages are discussed or described and illustrated for all species except Leucotaraxis sepiola. A key is provided to all species of Chamaemyiidae known to attack Pinaceae-infesting Sternorrhyncha, an annotated list of these taxa is provided, and a habitus photograph is provided for each genus with such species. In addition, a lectotype is designated for Leucopis olivacea Meijere, and it is synonymized under Neoleucopis obscura (Haliday), syn. nov.

  • a new species of lestodiplosis diptera cecidomyiidae preying on pineus hemiptera Adelgidae with a redescription of lestodiplosis juniperina felt
    Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 2020
    Co-Authors: Raymond J Gagne, Nathan P Havill
    Abstract:

    A new species, Lestodiplosis pinei Gagne (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), from the United States is described from males, females, pupae and larvae. Larvae are egg predators of Pineus strobi Hartig, Pineus pini Goeze and Pineus cembrae (Cholodkovsky) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). This is the first North American record for P. cembrae, which was found feeding on Pinus cembra L. planted at Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts. Lestodiplosis juniperina (Felt) is redescribed as similar to L. pinei and for having once been considered to include specimens now identified as L. pinei. Lestodiplosis cerasi Felt and Lestodiplosis novangliae Felt are new synonyms of L. juniperina.

  • ecological factors influencing the beneficial endosymbionts of the hemlock woolly adelgid hemiptera Adelgidae
    Insect Science, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nathan P Havill, Carol D Von Dohlen, Angela M Mech, Sherilyn J Harper, Gaelen R Burke
    Abstract:

    Bacterial endosymbionts of sap-sucking insects provide their host with a number of beneficial qualities, including the supply of nutrition, defense against parasitoids, and protection from heat stress. Damage to these bacterial associates can therefore have a negative impact on the fitness of their insect host. We evaluated observational and experimental factors regarding the nonnative hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) to help understand the roles of its three recently identified symbionts, including under heat stress conditions. The prevalence of A. tsugae's facultative symbiont (Serratia symbiotica) was examined at different spatial scales to determine how variable infection rates are for this symbiont. There was no significant difference found in infection rates between adelgids on a tree, within a plot, or within a state. However, significantly more adelgids in Georgia (95%) had S. symbiotica compared to those in New York (68%). Microsatellite genotyping of the adelgids found that this difference was most likely not the result of a second introduction of A. tsugae into eastern North America. Comparison of S. symbiotica proportions between first and fourth instars showed that symbiont absence did not affect the ability of A. tsugae to survive aestivation. Evaluations of symbiont densities within each adelgid found that when S. symbiotica was absent, the density of obligate symbionts was significantly higher. Exposure to heat stress (32.5 °C) was not consistently correlated with changes in symbiont densities over a 4-d period. Overall, we have shown that symbiont prevalence and densities vary within the broad population of A. tsugae in eastern North America, with potentially significant effects upon the ecology of this important pest.

  • first report of pineus strobi hartig 1839 hemiptera Adelgidae in western north america
    Pan-pacific Entomologist, 2018
    Co-Authors: Molly Darr, Scott M. Salom, Gary L Miller, Robert G Foottit, Rachel K Brooks, Nathan P Havill
    Abstract:

    The pine bark adelgid, Pineus strobi (Hartig, 1839) (Hempitera: Adelgidae), is native to eastern North America and is found throughout the natural range of its main host species, eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae), which stretches from the Atlantic coast, west to Ontario and Minnesota (Drooz 1985). For the first time, we confirmed the presence of P. strobi west of this range in Washington, Colorado, and Saskatchewan by identification of contemporary samples using morphology and DNA barcodes. We also include information from existing slide-mounted specimens of P. strobi putatively originating from Oregon that are deposited in the United States National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) Entomology Collection. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of this species in western North America.

  • behavioral responses of laricobius spp and hybrids coleoptera derodontidae to hemlock woolly adelgid and adelgid host tree odors in an olfactometer
    Environmental Entomology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Arielle L Arsenault, Nathan P Havill, Kimberly F. Wallin, Albert E Mayfield
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The predatory species Laricobius nigrinus (Fender) and Laricobius osakensis (Shiyake and Montgomery) (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) have been released for biological control of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in eastern North America. L. osakensis is native to Japan, whereas L. nigrinus is endemic to the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. After release, L. nigrinus was found to hybridize with the native eastern species, Laricobius rubidus (LeConte). The purpose of this study is to observe prey location behaviors of these three Laricobius species and L. nigrinus × L. rubidus (Ln × Lr) hybrids. Olfactometer bioassays were used to test response to host odors of adelgid-infested eastern hemlock, uninfested eastern hemlock, and uninfested eastern white pine. Predators reacted in the olfactometer more quickly when adelgid-infested foliage was included as a choice. L. nigrinus preferred infested eastern hemlock over uninfested eastern white pine, and L. rubidus ...

Loke T. Kok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

L. T. Kok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Possible Use of Field Insectaries to Rear Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Predators
    2013
    Co-Authors: L. T. Kok, S M Salom
    Abstract:

    Suppression of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae), in the Eastern United States has focussed on several predators as biological control agents. Three have been released and large numbers of each species will be needed for additional releases. Current rearing programs of predators of the HWA in the laboratory require an abundance of prey that may be scarce at critical times. As predators generally require a larger food base than parasitoids, the success of any rearing program depends on the availability of an adequate source of prey to sustain their populations. We propose that field insectaries be explored for propagation of HWA predators to supplement lab-rearing programs. Keywords: Hemlock woolly adelgid, field insectary, rearing HWA predators

  • host range of laricobius osakensis coleoptera derodontidae a new biological control agent of hemlock woolly adelgid hemiptera Adelgidae
    Environmental Entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ligia C Vieira, S M Salom, T J Mcavoy, J Chantos, A B Lamb, L. T. Kok
    Abstract:

    Hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an invasive pest of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) and Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana Englem.) in eastern United States. Host-range tests for Laricobius osakensis Montgomery and Shiyake (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), imported from Japan, were conducted under quarantine in Blacksburg, VA, to determine the suitability of this predator as a biological control agent of A. tsugae. Host-range testing for L. osakensis, involved no-choice and paired choice feeding, oviposition, and development tests with A. tsugae, three other adelgids, and three nonadelgid species. L. osakensis fed and laid more eggs on A. tsugae over all the other host species. The difference was greater in paired-choice tests. L. osakensis completed development only on A. tsugae. The overall results of the host range study indicate that L. osakensis is a specific predator of A. tsugae, supporting its potential as a biological control agent, and is not a threat to nontarget species populations.

  • establishment of the hemlock woolly adelgid predator laricobius nigrinus coleoptera derodontidae in the eastern united states
    Environmental Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: D. L. Mausel, S M Salom, L. T. Kok, Gina Davis
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), native to western North America and Asia, was accidentally introduced from Japan to the eastern United States. To potentially establish biological control of A. tsugae, we released a predator endemic to western North America, Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), from 2003 to 2005, in 22 localities from Georgia to Massachusetts. Release sites spanned the invasive range of the adelgid across five United States Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones (5a to 7a). Release sizes were 75, 150, 300, 600, or 1,200 adult L. nigrinus per site in the fall, winter, early spring, or sequentially (i.e., fall or winter and early spring). We monitored establishment by annual sampling for L. nigrinus adults with beat sheets and for L. nigrinus larvae by branch clipping. At the end of 3 yr, L. nigrinus was established in 13 of the 22 sites. The following variables were evaluated for their correlation with the numbers...

  • morphology of laricobius nigrinus coleoptera derodontidae a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid
    Canadian Entomologist, 2006
    Co-Authors: G M G Zilahibalogh, L. T. Kok, Leland M Humble, S M Salom
    Abstract:

    Laricobius nigrinus Fender, native to western North America, was first released in 2003 for the biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the eastern United States. Members of the genus Laricobius are known to feed on adelgids, but there is a lack of detailed taxonomic and ecological information on this group of insects. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of various life stages of L. nigrinus are presented in this study, accompanied by notes on its life history to facilitate its recognition.

  • confined field release of laricobius nigrinus coleoptera derodontidae a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid adelges tsugae hemiptera Adelgidae in virginia
    Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: A B Lamb, S M Salom, L. T. Kok, D. L. Mausel
    Abstract:

    Laricobius nigrinus Fender is a specialist predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a lethal pest of hemlock (Tsuga spp.) in the eastern United States. A release was conducted in 2003 in Virginia to evaluate survival and oviposition of L. nigrinus adults, egg development in the field, and their impact on HWA density. In March, April, and May, groups of zero, one, two, or three L. nigrinus females were caged on 64 hemlock branches. After 10 days, half the branches were removed to determine L. nigrinus adult survival, total eggs laid, and oviposition location with respect to prey abundance. Beetles on branches remaining in the field were recovered and recaged on new branches every 10 days. The estimated 10 344 eggs laid on branches left in the field represent the first field release of L. nigrinus in the eastern United States. The density of L. nigrinus adults affected the total eggs laid per female and oviposition site selection. Branches caged with L. nig...

D. L. Mausel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ______________________________ _ Overview of HWA Biological Control Activities with Laricobius spp. OVERVIEW OF HWA BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ACTIVITIES WITH LARICOBIUS SPP.
    2013
    Co-Authors: A B Lamb, D. L. Mausel, T J Mcavoy, G. Zilahi-balogh
    Abstract:

    Laricobius nigrinus, a little known Derodontid beetle, is consistently found associated with hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) in western hemlock seed orchards in British Columbia (Humble 1994). It turns out that Laricobius spp. are prey-specific predators of Adelgidae (Zilahi-Balogh 2004). In collaboration with Forestry Canada, we began studying the potential of L. nigrinus as a biological control agent for HWA in the eastern U.S. Field studies conducted in British Columbia showed that the phenology of the predator and the prey were highly synchronized (Zilahi-Balogh et al. 2003): 1. Predator adults are present and active in the winter to feed on developing HWA sistens. 2. Predator eggs are laid in HWA ovisacs, where hatching larvae feed on HWA eggs. 3. Predator larvae drop from the tree into to the soil to pupate and eclose into adults, where they aestivate at the same time and for the same duration as do HWA. 4. The predator adults and HWA sistens emerge from aestivation at the same time. 131 Laricobius nigrinus adults and larvae both feed almost exclusively and survive only o

  • Mausel et al. Visual ability and searching behavior of adult Laricobius nigrinus, a hemlock woolly adelgid predator
    2013
    Co-Authors: D. L. Mausel, S. Salom M. B, L. Kok T. C
    Abstract:

    Very little is known about the searching behavior and sensory cues that Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) predators use to locate suitable habitats and prey, which limits our ability to collect and monitor them for classical biological control of adelgids (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). The aim of this study was to examine the visual ability and the searching behavior of newly emerged L. nigrinus Fender, a host-specific predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Phylloxeroidea: Adelgidae). In a laboratory bioassay, individual adults attempting to locate an uninfested eastern hemlock seedling under either light or dark conditions were observed in an arena. In another bioassay, individual adults searching for prey on hemlock seedlings (infested or uninfested) were continuously video-recorded. Beetles located and began climbing the seedling stem in light significantly more than in dark, indicating that vision is an important sensory modality. Our primary finding was that searching behavior of L. nigrinus, as in most species, was related to food abundance. Beetles did not fly in the presence of high A. tsugae densities and flew when A. tsugae was absent, which agrees with observed aggregations of beetles on heavily infested trees in the field. At close range of prey, slo

  • establishment of the hemlock woolly adelgid predator laricobius nigrinus coleoptera derodontidae in the eastern united states
    Environmental Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: D. L. Mausel, S M Salom, L. T. Kok, Gina Davis
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), native to western North America and Asia, was accidentally introduced from Japan to the eastern United States. To potentially establish biological control of A. tsugae, we released a predator endemic to western North America, Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), from 2003 to 2005, in 22 localities from Georgia to Massachusetts. Release sites spanned the invasive range of the adelgid across five United States Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones (5a to 7a). Release sizes were 75, 150, 300, 600, or 1,200 adult L. nigrinus per site in the fall, winter, early spring, or sequentially (i.e., fall or winter and early spring). We monitored establishment by annual sampling for L. nigrinus adults with beat sheets and for L. nigrinus larvae by branch clipping. At the end of 3 yr, L. nigrinus was established in 13 of the 22 sites. The following variables were evaluated for their correlation with the numbers...

  • Release and monitoring of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) for classical biological control of the hemlock woolly adelgid in the Eastern U.S.
    2007
    Co-Authors: D. L. Mausel, S M Salom, Loke T. Kok
    Abstract:

    Studies are being conducted to determine optimal release procedures for establishment and sampling methodology of Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, trees.

  • confined field release of laricobius nigrinus coleoptera derodontidae a predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid adelges tsugae hemiptera Adelgidae in virginia
    Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2006
    Co-Authors: A B Lamb, S M Salom, L. T. Kok, D. L. Mausel
    Abstract:

    Laricobius nigrinus Fender is a specialist predator of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a lethal pest of hemlock (Tsuga spp.) in the eastern United States. A release was conducted in 2003 in Virginia to evaluate survival and oviposition of L. nigrinus adults, egg development in the field, and their impact on HWA density. In March, April, and May, groups of zero, one, two, or three L. nigrinus females were caged on 64 hemlock branches. After 10 days, half the branches were removed to determine L. nigrinus adult survival, total eggs laid, and oviposition location with respect to prey abundance. Beetles on branches remaining in the field were recovered and recaged on new branches every 10 days. The estimated 10 344 eggs laid on branches left in the field represent the first field release of L. nigrinus in the eastern United States. The density of L. nigrinus adults affected the total eggs laid per female and oviposition site selection. Branches caged with L. nig...