The Experts below are selected from a list of 258 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ursula M. Staudinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The positive plasticity of Adult Development: Potential for the 21st century.
The American psychologist, 2020Co-Authors: Ursula M. StaudingerAbstract:We are living longer than ever before in human history. But longer lives are at the same time a gift and a challenge for individuals and society alike. Longer lives highlight an extraordinary feature of the human species and, that is, the capacity to intentionally or unintentionally positively modify their own Development and aging. This positive plasticity of human Development and aging is based on the fact that human aging is neither biologically nor contextually determined. Instead, Development and aging are the result of perpetual interactions between biological, sociocultural forces and a given person's behaviors. Rethinking Adult Development implies that research needs to intensify its efforts to investigate and uncover the conditions and mechanisms facilitating the positive plasticity of Adult Development and aging. We need to accumulate scientific knowledge about which trajectories of constellations of sociocultural and physical context characteristics, a person's behavioral patterns and genetic endowment are apt to optimize aging. Research examples from cognitive and personality functioning are presented to illustrate the positive plasticity of Adult Development as well as its limits. Cohort- and country-comparative long-term longitudinal data including physiological as well as behavioral measures besides sociodemographic information and information pertaining to the physical environment are needed to gain a deeper understanding of how to leverage the positive plasticity of human aging. Such evidence is then in a position to provide specific and therefore effective evidence to inform social policy as well as life(style) choices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Jan D. Sinnott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Introduction: Special Issue on Positive Psychology and Adult Development
Journal of Adult Development, 2010Co-Authors: Jan D. SinnottAbstract:The study of Positive Psychology brings a much needed emphasis to the study of the cognition, traits and contexts of behavior that are associated with optimal Development and flourishing during the entire course of life. It highlights the ways in which growth, hope, and resilience (to name just a few concepts) aid a person in dealing with the inevitable challenges of life, either in individual terms or via organizations that optimize chances for growth. The papers in this first Special Issue on Positive Psychology and Adult Development focus especially on wisdom, the workplace, and mental health issues.
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Introduction: Special Issue on Spirituality and Adult Development, Part II
Journal of Adult Development, 2002Co-Authors: Jan D. SinnottAbstract:This article reviews the purpose of the 3-part Special Issue on Spirituality and Adult Development, described in the Introduction to Special Issue Part I (J. D. Sinnott, 2000). It also outlines the contents of Part II. Developing Adults express their belief that spirituality plays a key role in their Development, yet Developmental psychologists have given comparatively little attention to this factor. Also the concept of spirituality has seldom been considered separately from that of religion. The purpose of this special issue is to begin to remedy this neglect. This introduction is a summary of the 7 empirical and theoretical articles that form Part II of the Special Issue on Spirituality and Adult Development.
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Introduction: Special Issue on Spirituality and Adult Development, Part II
Journal of Adult Development, 2002Co-Authors: Jan D. SinnottAbstract:This article describes the purpose of the 3-part Special Issue on Spirituality and Adult Development, and the contents of Part I. Developing individuals express their belief that spirituality plays a key role in their Development, yet Developmental psychologists have given comparatively little attention to this factor. The concept of spirituality is seldom considered separately from that of religion. The purpose of this Special Issue is to begin to remedy this neglect. This introduction is a summary of the 6 empirical and theoretical articles that form Part I.
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Postformal Thought and Adult Development
Handbook of Adult Development, 2002Co-Authors: Jan D. SinnottAbstract:Adulthood may be described as a stage of life in which we wrestle with the mystery of existence, in the midst of life’s chaos, in the here-and-now rather than in some perfect potential future. The unique qualities of Adulthood can be difficult to describe Developmentally. Adults are neither changing toward some defined endpoint, nor changing away from some past perfection. Instead, healthy Adults keep a dynamic homeostasis; they balance. They change as if in a dance, or as if practicing an Eastern art such as tai chi, moving through forms and paces. In dancing, what matters and what is enjoyable—the whole purpose in fact—is movement in the present moment, and, of course, not falling over. In dancing, the process itself is the goal. To choose to dance is to pick a form and simply do it; the walk within the dance does not “get” anywhere! But for those of us in Western cultures, especially those of us who study human behavior and are enculturated to seek goals and linear causes, the metaphor of the “dance” of Development might become an irritating metaphor, too, because Westerners want to know where the dance of Adult Development is going. If we do demand to know the destination (in terms of life trajectory), the dance seems to be going to a destination no grander than death. Aware of this, the conscious Development of Adults seems to include the ability to take part enthusiastically in the dance of life for its own sake, with an awareness of mortality.
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Introduction: Special Issue on Spirituality and Adult Development, Part I
Journal of Adult Development, 2001Co-Authors: Jan D. SinnottAbstract:This article describes the purpose of the 3-part Special Issue on Spirituality and Adult Development, and the contents of Part I. Developing individuals express their belief that spirituality plays a key role in their Development, yet Developmental psychologists have given comparatively little attention to this factor. The concept of spirituality is seldom considered separately from that of religion. The purpose of this Special Issue is to begin to remedy this neglect. This introduction is a summary of the 6 empirical and theoretical articles that form Part I.
V Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correlated changes in life history traits in response to selection for faster pre Adult Development in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Pankaj Yadav, V SharmaAbstract:Insects including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are under intense pressure to develop rapidly because they inhabit ephemeral habitats. We have previously shown that when selection for faster Development was artificially imposed on D. melanogaster in the laboratory, reduction of pre-Adult Development time and shortening of the clock period occurs, suggesting a role for circadian clocks in the regulation of life history traits. Circadian clocks in D. melanogaster have also been implicated in the control of metabolic pathways, ageing processes, oxidative stress and defense responses to exogenous stressors. In order to rigorously examine correlations between pre-Adult Development time and other life history traits, we assayed pre-Adult survivorship, starvation and desiccation resistance, body size and body weight, fecundity and Adult lifespan in faster developing populations of D. melanogaster. The results revealed that selection for faster pre-Adult Development significantly reduced several Adult fitness traits in the faster developing flies without affecting pre-Adult survivorship. Although overall fecundity of faster developing flies was reduced, their egg output per unit body weight was significantly higher than that of controls, indicating that reduction in Adult lifespan might be due to disproportionate investment in reproduction. Thus our results suggest that selection for faster pre-Adult Development in D. melanogaster yields flies with higher reproductive fitness. Because these flies also have shorter clock periods, our results can be taken to suggest that pre-Adult Development time and circadian clock period are correlated with various Adult life history traits in D. melanogaster, implying that circadian clocks may have adaptive significance.
Ruth Kanfer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Work in the 21st century: New directions for aging and Adult Development.
The American psychologist, 2020Co-Authors: Phillip L Ackerman, Ruth KanferAbstract:The changing nature of work is having a profound impact on the human experience, particularly among older workers. Two integrative theoretical and empirical frameworks of Adult Development over the past 3 decades provide new insights into aging and work in the 21st century. The first framework focuses on Adult intellect and the second on work motivation. We provide a brief review of these frameworks, discuss the implications for reconsidering Adult work lives in the context of interindividual differences, intraindividual change, and external forces, and argue for greater attention to individual differences in knowledge, skills, and motivation. Six broad themes, arising from the convergence of theory, research findings, and emerging patterns of work, are proposed as guides for forging new directions on the intellectual and motivational aspects of Adult Development in the world of 21st century work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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aging Adult Development and work motivation
Academy of Management Review, 2004Co-Authors: Ruth Kanfer, Phillip L AckermanAbstract:We describe a framework for understanding how age-related changes in Adult Development affect work motivation, and, building on recent life-span theories and research on cognitive abilities, personality, affect, vocational interests, values, and self-concept, identify four intraindividual change trajectories (loss, gain, reorganization, and exchange). We discuss implications of the integrative framework for the use and effectiveness of different motivational strategies with midlife and older workers in a variety of jobs, as well as abiding issues and future research directions.
Pankaj Yadav - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correlated changes in life history traits in response to selection for faster pre Adult Development in the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Pankaj Yadav, V SharmaAbstract:Insects including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are under intense pressure to develop rapidly because they inhabit ephemeral habitats. We have previously shown that when selection for faster Development was artificially imposed on D. melanogaster in the laboratory, reduction of pre-Adult Development time and shortening of the clock period occurs, suggesting a role for circadian clocks in the regulation of life history traits. Circadian clocks in D. melanogaster have also been implicated in the control of metabolic pathways, ageing processes, oxidative stress and defense responses to exogenous stressors. In order to rigorously examine correlations between pre-Adult Development time and other life history traits, we assayed pre-Adult survivorship, starvation and desiccation resistance, body size and body weight, fecundity and Adult lifespan in faster developing populations of D. melanogaster. The results revealed that selection for faster pre-Adult Development significantly reduced several Adult fitness traits in the faster developing flies without affecting pre-Adult survivorship. Although overall fecundity of faster developing flies was reduced, their egg output per unit body weight was significantly higher than that of controls, indicating that reduction in Adult lifespan might be due to disproportionate investment in reproduction. Thus our results suggest that selection for faster pre-Adult Development in D. melanogaster yields flies with higher reproductive fitness. Because these flies also have shorter clock periods, our results can be taken to suggest that pre-Adult Development time and circadian clock period are correlated with various Adult life history traits in D. melanogaster, implying that circadian clocks may have adaptive significance.
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Correlated changes in circadian clocks in response to selection for faster pre-Adult Development in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster
Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 2013Co-Authors: Pankaj Yadav, Vijay Kumar SharmaAbstract:Although, circadian clocks are believed to be involved in the regulation of life-history traits such as pre-Adult Development time and lifespan in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster , there is very little unequivocal evidence either to support or refute this. Here we report the results of a long-term study aimed at examining the role of circadian clocks in the temporal regulation of pre-Adult Development in D. melanogaster . We employed laboratory selection protocol for faster pre-Adult Development on four large, outbred, random mating populations of Drosophila . We assayed pre-Adult Development time and circadian period of locomotor activity rhythm of these flies at regular intervals of 5–10 generations. After 50 generations of selection, the overall egg-to-Adult duration in the selected stocks was reduced by ~29 h (~12.5 %) relative to controls, with the selected populations showing a concurrent reduction in time taken to hatching, pupation and wing pigmentation, by ~2, ~16, and ~25.2 h, respectively. Furthermore, selected populations showed a concomitant reduction in the circadian period of locomotor activity rhythm, implying that circadian clocks and Development time are correlated. Thus, our study provides the first ever unequivocal evidence for the evolution of circadian clocks as a correlated response to selection for faster pre-Adult Development, suggesting that circadian clocks and Development are linked in fruit flies D. melanogaster .
