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Martin E P Seligman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Positive Psychology a personal history
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Martin E P SeligmanAbstract:As president of the American Psychological Association in 1998, I organized researchers and practitioners to work on building well-being, not just on the traditional task of reducing ill-being. Substantial research then found that well-being causes many external benefits, including better physical and mental health. Among the applications of Positive Psychology are national psychological accounts of well-being, Positive Psychotherapy, the classification of strengths and virtues, Comprehensive Soldier Fitness, and Positive Education. Positive Psychology has spread beyond Psychology into neuroscience, health, psychiatry, theology, and even to the humanities. Positive Psychology has many critics, and I comment on the strongest criticisms. I conclude with the hope that the building of well-being will become a cornerstone of morality, politics, and religion.
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mental health promotion in public health perspectives and strategies from Positive Psychology
American Journal of Public Health, 2011Co-Authors: Rosemarie Kobau, Martin E P Seligman, Christopher Peterson, Ed Diener, Matthew M Zack, Daniel P Chapman, William W ThompsonAbstract:Positive Psychology is the study of what is “right” about people—their Positive attributes, psychological assets, and strengths. Its aim is to understand and foster the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to thrive.Cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal research demonstrates that Positive emotions are associated with numerous benefits related to health, work, family, and economic status. Growing biomedical research supports the view that Positive emotions are not merely the opposite of negative emotions but may be independent dimensions of mental affect.The asset-based paradigms of Positive Psychology offer new approaches for bolstering psychological resilience and promoting mental health. Ultimately, greater synergy between Positive Psychology and public health might help promote mental health in innovative ways.
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Positive Psychology progress: empirical validation of interventions.
The American psychologist, 2005Co-Authors: Martin E P Seligman, Tracy A. Steen, Nansook Park, Christopher PetersonAbstract:Positive Psychology has flourished in the last 5 years. The authors review recent developments in the field, including books, meetings, courses, and conferences. They also discuss the newly created classification of character strengths and virtues, a Positive complement to the various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (e. g., American Psychiatric Association, 1994), and present some cross-cultural findings that suggest a surprising ubiquity of strengths and virtues. Finally, the authors focus on psychological interventions that increase individual happiness. In a 6-group, random-assignment, placebo-controlled Internet study, the authors tested 5 purported happiness interventions and 1 plausible control exercise. They found that 3 of the interventions lastingly increased happiness and decreased depressive symptoms. Positive interventions can supplement traditional interventions that relieve suffering and may someday be the practical legacy of Positive Psychology.
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Positive Psychology in Clinical Practice
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2005Co-Authors: Angela Lee Duckworth, Tracy A. Steen, Martin E P SeligmanAbstract:Positive Psychology is the scientific study of Positive experiences and Positive individual traits, and the institutions that facilitate their development. A field concerned with well-being and optimal functioning, Positive Psychology aims to broaden the focus of clinical Psychology beyond suffering and its direct alleviation. Our proposed conceptual framework parses happiness into three domains: pleasure, engagement, and meaning. For each of these constructs, there are now valid and practical assessment tools appropriate for the clinical setting. Additionally, mounting evidence demonstrates the efficacy and effectiveness of Positive interventions aimed at cultivating pleasure, engagement, and meaning. We contend that Positive interventions are justifiable in their own right. Positive interventions may also usefully supplement direct attempts to prevent and treat psychopathology and, indeed, may covertly be a central component of good psychotherapy as it is done now.
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Positive Psychology an introduction
American Psychologist, 2000Co-Authors: Martin E P Seligman, Mihaly CsikszentmihalyiAbstract:A science of Positive subjective experience, Positive individual traits, and Positive institutions promises to improve quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless, The exclusive focus on pathology that has dominated so much of our discipline results in a model of the human being lacking the Positive features that make life worth living. Hope, wisdom, creativity, future mindedness, courage, spirituality, responsibility, and perseverance are ignored or explained as transformations of more authentic negative impulses. The 15 articles in this millennial issue of the American Psychologist discuss such issues as what enables happiness, the effects of autonomy and self-regulation, how optimism and hope affect health, what constitutes wisdom, and how talent and creativity come to fruition. The authors outline a framework for a science of Positive Psychology, point to gaps in our knowledge, and predict that the next century will see a science and profession that will come to understand and build the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to flourish.
Stewart I Donaldson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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scaling the heights of Positive Psychology a systematic review of measurement scales
International Journal of Wellbeing, 2018Co-Authors: Courtney E Ackerman, Meg A Warren, Stewart I DonaldsonAbstract:The volume of empirical research on Positive Psychology topics has grown substantially over the past two decades. This review examines how constructs in Positive Psychology have been operationalized, measured, validated, cited, and applied to build the science. Based on an archive of 972 empirical articles linked to Positive Psychology, this review found that 762 articles used at least one measurement scale; 312 measures were created or adapted. Findings reveal a wide range of scales being used to measure a variety of constructs, including scales on both life-enhancing and life-depleting constructs. Key characteristics such as journals, constructs, and scale development and validation information are discussed. There are some reliability analyses and validations occurring within the field, but the creation of new measures far outpaces the validation of existing measures. Weaknesses such as multiple operationalizations may be rooted in inadequate discourse and synthesis. We call for further cross-pollination for a more scientifically robust scholarship in Positive Psychology.
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happiness excellence and optimal human functioning revisited examining the peer reviewed literature linked to Positive Psychology
The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Stewart I Donaldson, Maren DollwetAbstract:Since the original call by Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000) for a new science of happiness, excellence, and optimal human functioning, there has been an explosion of activity in, acclaim for, and criticism of Positive Psychology. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the peer-reviewed literature linked to the Positive Psychology movement. An extensive systematic review identified 1336 articles published between 1999 and 2013. More than 750 of these articles included empirical tests of Positive Psychology theories, principles, and interventions. The results show a fairly consistent increase in the rate of publication, and that the number of empirical studies has grown steadily over the time period. The findings demonstrate that Positive Psychology is a growing and vibrant sub-area within the broader discipline of Psychology, committed to using the same rigorous scientific methods as other sub-areas, in pursuit of understanding well-being, excellence, and optimal human functioning.
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applied Positive Psychology improving everyday life health schools work and society
2011Co-Authors: Stewart I Donaldson, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Jeanne NakamuraAbstract:J.N. Cleveland, E.A. Fleishman, Series Foreword S. Donaldson, M. Seligman, Preface Part 1. Introduction S. Donaldson, Determining What Works, if Anything, in Positive Psychology Part 2. Core Areas in Applied Positive Psychology E.Diener, K. Ryan, National Accounts of Well-Being for Public Policy B.L. Fredrickson, L.E. Kurtz, Cultivating Positive Emotions to Enhance Human Flourishing C. Peterson, N. Park, Character Strengths and Virtues: Their Role in Well-being Part 3. Applications for Improving Health, Education, and Positive Human Development S. Taylor, How Psychosocial Resources Enhance Health and Well-Being N.L. Sin, M. D. Della Porta, S. Lyubomirsky, Tailoring Positive Psychology Interventions to Treat Depressed Individuals H.H. Knoop, Education in 2025: How Positive Psychology can Revitalize Education S.J. Lopez, V.J. Calderon, Gallup Student Poll: Measuring and Promoting What is Right with Students Part 4. Improving Institutions, Organizations, and the World of Work I. Ko, S.I. Donaldson, Applied Positive Organizational Psychology: The State of the Science and Practice J.E. Dutton, L.M. Roberts, J. Bednar, Prosocial Practices, Positive Identity, and Flourishing at Work K.S. Cameron, Effects of Virtuous Leadership on Organizational Performance J. Nakamura, Contexts of Positive Adult Development Part 5. Future Directions for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology M.Csikszentmihalyi, Positive Psychology and a Positive World-View: New Hope for the Future of Humankind S. I. Donaldson, Epilogue: A Practitioner's Guide for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology
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applied Positive Psychology improving everyday life health schools work and society
2011Co-Authors: Stewart I Donaldson, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Jeanne NakamuraAbstract:J.N. Cleveland, E.A. Fleishman, Series Foreword S. Donaldson, M. Seligman, Preface Part 1. Introduction S. Donaldson, Determining What Works, if Anything, in Positive Psychology Part 2. Core Areas in Applied Positive Psychology E.Diener, K. Ryan, National Accounts of Well-Being for Public Policy B.L. Fredrickson, L.E. Kurtz, Cultivating Positive Emotions to Enhance Human Flourishing C. Peterson, N. Park, Character Strengths and Virtues: Their Role in Well-being Part 3. Applications for Improving Health, Education, and Positive Human Development S. Taylor, How Psychosocial Resources Enhance Health and Well-Being N.L. Sin, M. D. Della Porta, S. Lyubomirsky, Tailoring Positive Psychology Interventions to Treat Depressed Individuals H.H. Knoop, Education in 2025: How Positive Psychology can Revitalize Education S.J. Lopez, V.J. Calderon, Gallup Student Poll: Measuring and Promoting What is Right with Students Part 4. Improving Institutions, Organizations, and the World of Work I. Ko, S.I. Donaldson, Applied Positive Organizational Psychology: The State of the Science and Practice J.E. Dutton, L.M. Roberts, J. Bednar, Prosocial Practices, Positive Identity, and Flourishing at Work K.S. Cameron, Effects of Virtuous Leadership on Organizational Performance J. Nakamura, Contexts of Positive Adult Development Part 5. Future Directions for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology M.Csikszentmihalyi, Positive Psychology and a Positive World-View: New Hope for the Future of Humankind S. I. Donaldson, Epilogue: A Practitioner's Guide for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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applied Positive Psychology improving everyday life health schools work and society
2011Co-Authors: Stewart I Donaldson, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Jeanne NakamuraAbstract:J.N. Cleveland, E.A. Fleishman, Series Foreword S. Donaldson, M. Seligman, Preface Part 1. Introduction S. Donaldson, Determining What Works, if Anything, in Positive Psychology Part 2. Core Areas in Applied Positive Psychology E.Diener, K. Ryan, National Accounts of Well-Being for Public Policy B.L. Fredrickson, L.E. Kurtz, Cultivating Positive Emotions to Enhance Human Flourishing C. Peterson, N. Park, Character Strengths and Virtues: Their Role in Well-being Part 3. Applications for Improving Health, Education, and Positive Human Development S. Taylor, How Psychosocial Resources Enhance Health and Well-Being N.L. Sin, M. D. Della Porta, S. Lyubomirsky, Tailoring Positive Psychology Interventions to Treat Depressed Individuals H.H. Knoop, Education in 2025: How Positive Psychology can Revitalize Education S.J. Lopez, V.J. Calderon, Gallup Student Poll: Measuring and Promoting What is Right with Students Part 4. Improving Institutions, Organizations, and the World of Work I. Ko, S.I. Donaldson, Applied Positive Organizational Psychology: The State of the Science and Practice J.E. Dutton, L.M. Roberts, J. Bednar, Prosocial Practices, Positive Identity, and Flourishing at Work K.S. Cameron, Effects of Virtuous Leadership on Organizational Performance J. Nakamura, Contexts of Positive Adult Development Part 5. Future Directions for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology M.Csikszentmihalyi, Positive Psychology and a Positive World-View: New Hope for the Future of Humankind S. I. Donaldson, Epilogue: A Practitioner's Guide for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology
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applied Positive Psychology improving everyday life health schools work and society
2011Co-Authors: Stewart I Donaldson, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Jeanne NakamuraAbstract:J.N. Cleveland, E.A. Fleishman, Series Foreword S. Donaldson, M. Seligman, Preface Part 1. Introduction S. Donaldson, Determining What Works, if Anything, in Positive Psychology Part 2. Core Areas in Applied Positive Psychology E.Diener, K. Ryan, National Accounts of Well-Being for Public Policy B.L. Fredrickson, L.E. Kurtz, Cultivating Positive Emotions to Enhance Human Flourishing C. Peterson, N. Park, Character Strengths and Virtues: Their Role in Well-being Part 3. Applications for Improving Health, Education, and Positive Human Development S. Taylor, How Psychosocial Resources Enhance Health and Well-Being N.L. Sin, M. D. Della Porta, S. Lyubomirsky, Tailoring Positive Psychology Interventions to Treat Depressed Individuals H.H. Knoop, Education in 2025: How Positive Psychology can Revitalize Education S.J. Lopez, V.J. Calderon, Gallup Student Poll: Measuring and Promoting What is Right with Students Part 4. Improving Institutions, Organizations, and the World of Work I. Ko, S.I. Donaldson, Applied Positive Organizational Psychology: The State of the Science and Practice J.E. Dutton, L.M. Roberts, J. Bednar, Prosocial Practices, Positive Identity, and Flourishing at Work K.S. Cameron, Effects of Virtuous Leadership on Organizational Performance J. Nakamura, Contexts of Positive Adult Development Part 5. Future Directions for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology M.Csikszentmihalyi, Positive Psychology and a Positive World-View: New Hope for the Future of Humankind S. I. Donaldson, Epilogue: A Practitioner's Guide for Applying the Science of Positive Psychology
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Positive Psychology an introduction
American Psychologist, 2000Co-Authors: Martin E P Seligman, Mihaly CsikszentmihalyiAbstract:A science of Positive subjective experience, Positive individual traits, and Positive institutions promises to improve quality of life and prevent the pathologies that arise when life is barren and meaningless, The exclusive focus on pathology that has dominated so much of our discipline results in a model of the human being lacking the Positive features that make life worth living. Hope, wisdom, creativity, future mindedness, courage, spirituality, responsibility, and perseverance are ignored or explained as transformations of more authentic negative impulses. The 15 articles in this millennial issue of the American Psychologist discuss such issues as what enables happiness, the effects of autonomy and self-regulation, how optimism and hope affect health, what constitutes wisdom, and how talent and creativity come to fruition. The authors outline a framework for a science of Positive Psychology, point to gaps in our knowledge, and predict that the next century will see a science and profession that will come to understand and build the factors that allow individuals, communities, and societies to flourish.
Jaume Vives - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Positive Psychology interventions in breast cancer a systematic review
Psycho-oncology, 2014Co-Authors: Anna Casellasgrau, Antoni Font, Jaume VivesAbstract:Objective Positive Psychology is an emerging area of empirical study, not only in clinical, but also in health Psychology. The present systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence about the Positive Psychology interventions utilized in breast cancer. Methods Relevant studies were identified via Pubmed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, CINAHL, Wiley Online Library, TDX, and DIALNET databases (up to April 2013). Only those papers focused on interventions related to Positive Psychology and carried out on breast cancer patients were included. Results Of the 7266 articles found through databases, 16 studies were finally included in this review. Five groups of therapies were found: mindfulness-based approaches, expression of Positive emotions, spiritual interventions, hope therapy, and meaning-making interventions. These specific interventions promoted Positive changes in breast cancer participants, such as enhanced quality of life, well-being, hope, benefit finding, or optimism. However, the disparity of the interventions and some methodological issues limit the outcomes. Conclusions Some studies provided relevant evidence about the clear development of Positive aspects from the breast cancer experience. Positive interventions applied to patients and survivors of breast cancer were found to be able to promote Positive aspects. A global consensus of a Positive therapies classification is needed to take one more step in structuring Positive Psychology. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonja Lyubomirsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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feasibility and utility of Positive Psychology exercises for suicidal inpatients
General Hospital Psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: Jeff C Huffman, Todd B Kashdan, Brian C Healy, Julia K Boehm, John W Denninger, Christina M Dubois, Christopher M Celano, Sonja LyubomirskyAbstract:article i nfo Objective: The objective was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of nine Positive Psychology exercises delivered to patients hospitalized for suicidal thoughts or behaviors, and to secondarily explore the relative impact of the exercises. Method: Participants admitted to a psychiatric unit for suicidal ideation or behavior completed daily Positive Psychology exercises while hospitalized. Likert-scale ratings of efficacy (optimism, hopelessness, perceived utility) and ease of completion were consolidated and compared across exercises using mixed models accounting for age, missing data and exercise order. Overall effects of exercise on efficacy and ease were also examined using mixed models. Results: Fifty-two (85.3%) of 61 participants completed at least one exercise, and 189/213 (88.7%) assigned exercises were completed. There were overall effects of exercise on efficacy (χ 2
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development of a Positive Psychology intervention for patients with acute cardiovascular disease
Heart International, 2011Co-Authors: Jeff C Huffman, Carol A Mastromauro, Julia K Boehm, Rita Seabrook, Gregory L Fricchione, John W Denninger, Sonja LyubomirskyAbstract:The management of depression and other negative psychological states in cardiac patients has been a focus of multiple treatment trials, though such trials have not led to substantial improvements in cardiac outcomes. In contrast, there has been minimal focus on interventions to increase Positive psychological states in cardiac patients, despite the fact that optimism and other Positive states have been associated with superior cardiovascular outcomes. Our objective was to develop an 8-week, phone-based Positive Psychology intervention for patients hospitalized with acute cardiac disease (acute coronary syndrome or decompensated heart failure). Such an intervention would consist of Positive Psychology exercises adapted for this specific population, and it would need to be feasible for practitioners and patients in real-world settings. By adapting exercises that were previously validated in healthy individuals, we were able to generate a Positive Psychology telemedicine intervention for cardiac patients that focused on optimism, kindness, and gratitude. In addition, we successfully created a companion treatment manual for subjects to enhance the educational aspects of the intervention and facilitate completion of exercises. Finally, we successfully performed a small pilot trial of this intervention, and found that the Positive Psychology intervention appeared to be feasible and well-accepted in a cohort of patients with acute cardiac illness. Future studies should further develop this promising intervention and examine its impact on psychological and medical outcomes in this vulnerable population of cardiac patients.
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enhancing well being and alleviating depressive symptoms with Positive Psychology interventions a practice friendly meta analysis
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2009Co-Authors: Nancy L Sin, Sonja LyubomirskyAbstract:Do Positive Psychology interventions-that is, treatment methods or intentional activities aimed at cultivating Positive feelings, Positive behaviors, or Positive cognitions-enhance well-being and ameliorate depressive symptoms? A meta-analysis of 51 such interventions with 4,266 individuals was conducted to address this question and to provide practical guidance to clinicians. The results revealed that Positive Psychology interventions do indeed significantly enhance well-being (mean r=.29) and decrease depressive symptoms (mean r=.31). In addition, several factors were found to impact the effectiveness of Positive Psychology interventions, including the depression status, self-selection, and age of participants, as well as the format and duration of the interventions. Accordingly, clinicians should be encouraged to incorporate Positive Psychology techniques into their clinical work, particularly for treating clients who are depressed, relatively older, or highly motivated to improve. Our findings also suggest that clinicians would do well to deliver Positive Psychology interventions as individual (versus group) therapy and for relatively longer periods of time.
