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Dawei Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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description of two new species from china in a new species group of the fig wasp genus sycophaga westwood hymenoptera chalcidoidea Agaonidae sycophaginae
Zootaxa, 2016Co-Authors: Zi Li, Dawei HuangAbstract:A new species group, the brevis -group, is established for two new species of the fig wasp genus Sycophaga Westwood (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) reared from the monoecious fig tree Ficus orthoneura (Moraceae, Ficus , subgenus Urostigma ) in China. The two new species, S. brevis n. sp. and S. diutius n. sp. are described and illustrated, supplemented by COI sequence data. In contrast with two other species groups newly recognized in Sycophaga, the explorator -group for species previously classified in Apocryptophagus Ashmead and the sycomori -group for other species previously classified in Sycophaga , the brevis -group is uniquely defined by the long pronotum of females and a Ficus host within the subgenus Urostigma .
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delimitation and description of the immature stages of a pollinating fig wasp ceratosolen solmsi marchali mayr hymenoptera Agaonidae
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2014Co-Authors: Jinhua Xiao, Derek W. Dunn, Yueguan Fu, Dawei HuangAbstract:: The mutualism between fig trees and their wasp pollinators is a model system for many ecological and evolutionary studies. However, the immature stages of pollinating fig wasps have rarely been studied. We monitored developing fig wasps of known ages and performed a series of dissections at 24 h intervals to identify key developmental traits of Ceratosolen solmsi marchali Mayr (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), a pollinator of Ficus hispida L. (Moraceae). We identified where in the Ficus ovary eggs were deposited and time to hatch. We were also able to identify the timing and key underlying characters of five larval instars, three sub-pupal stages, and a single prepupal stage. We provide detailed morphological descriptions for the key stages and report some behavioral observations of the wasps in the several developmental stages we recorded. Scanning electron microscope images were taken.
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evidence for the circadian gene period as a proximate mechanism of protandry in a pollinating fig wasp
Biology Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Haifeng Gu, Derek W. Dunn, Dawei Huang, Jinhua Xiao, Bo WangAbstract:Protandry in insects is the tendency for adult males to emerge before females and usually results from intra-sexual selection. However, the genetic basis of this common phenomenon is poorly understood. Pollinating fig wasp (Agaonidae) larvae develop in galled flowers within the enclosed inflorescences (‘figs’) of fig trees. Upon emergence, males locate and mate with the still galled females. After mating, males release females from their galls to enable dispersal. Females cannot exit galls or disperse from a fig without male assistance. We sampled male and female Ceratosolen solmsi (the pollinator of Ficus hispida) every 3 h over a 24 h emergence period, and then measured the expression of five circadian genes: period (per), clock (clk), cycle (cyc), pigment-dispersing factor (pdf) and clockwork orange (cwo). We found significant male-biased sexual dimorphism in the expression of all five genes. per showed the greatest divergence between the sexes and was the only gene rhythmically expressed. Expression of per correlated closely with emergence rates at specific time intervals in both male and female wasps. We suggest that this rhythmical expression of per may be a proximate mechanism of protandry in this species.
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rampant host switching and multiple female body colour transitions in philotrypesis hymenoptera chalcidoidea Agaonidae
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Zifeng Jiang, Dawei Huang, Lei Chen, W Q Zhen, Zhengqiang PengAbstract:Figs (Ficus, Moraceae) and their associated fig waSPS (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea and Agaonidae) have attracted much attention and have been used as a model system for many studies. Fig waSPS belonging to the genus Philotrypesis are very common in most figs but their taxonomy, ecology and biology are currently poorly explored. A previous study on African Philotrypesis showed that their host association is phylogenetically conserved at subsection level. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny with extended sampling from seven sections of figs. Our study suggested that the diversification of Philotrypesis is less constrained by host figs. Host switching is rampant between figs at species level and even at section level. We also investigated the evolution of the body colour forms in female Philotrypesis. Our study first suggested that female body colour is not evolutionarily stable and that there have been multiple transitions. Possible mechanisms for multiple colour transitions are expected to be determined in the near future.
Jeanyves Rasplus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2003b Convergence and coevolution in a mutualism: evidence from a molecular phylogeny of Ficus
2020Co-Authors: Emmanuelle Jousselin, Jeanyves Rasplus, Finn KjellbergAbstract:Abstract. The interaction between Ficus (Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae; more than 700 species-specific couples) is one of the most specialized mutualisms found in nature. Both partners of this interaction show extensive variation in their respective biology. Here we investigate Ficus life-history trait evolution an
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taxonomic revision and molecular phylogenetics of the idarnes incertus species group hymenoptera Agaonidae sycophaginae
PeerJ, 2017Co-Authors: Fernando Henrique Antoniolli Farache, Jeanyves Rasplus, Astrid Cruaud, Gwenaelle Genson, Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo PereiraAbstract:Sycophaginae is a group of non-pollinating fig wasps considered closely related to the fig pollinators (Agaoninae, Tetrapusiinae, and Kradibiinae) in the most recent phylogenetic analyses. They occur in all tropical regions and are associated with Ficus subgenera Urostigma and Sycomorus. There are six described genera of Sycophaginae, and two are native and confined to the Neotropics, namely Idarnes Walker, 1843 and Anidarnes Boucek, 1993. Genus Idarnes is divided into three morphologically distinct groups that were proven to be monophyletic by recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. In this paper we reviewed the Idarnes incertus species-group and provide detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations for the species belonging to this group. Three previously described species were redescribed: I. brasiliensis (Mayr, 1906) comb. nov., I. hansoni Boucek, 1993, and I. incertus (Ashmead, 1900). Seventeen new species are described by Farache and Rasplus: I. amacayacuensissp. n., I. amazonicussp. n., I. americanaesp. n., I. badiovertexsp. n., I. brevissp. n., I. brunneussp. n., I. comptonisp. n., I. cremersiaesp. n., I. dimorphicussp. n., I. flavicrussp. n., I. flaviventrissp. n., I. gibberosussp. n., I. gordhisp. n., I. maximussp. n., I. nigriventrissp. n., I. pseudoflavussp. n. and I. ramirezisp. n. We provided keys for the identification of the species as well as for recognising the different species-groups of Idarnes and a closely related genus (Sycophaga Westwood, 1840). Additionally, phylogenetic relationships among 13 species of the I. incertus species-group were inferred using four molecular markers and discussed in the light of Ficus taxonomy and host specificity.
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(Hymenoptera, Agaonidae) associated with Ficus section Conosycea (Moraceae)
2016Co-Authors: Henrique Antoniolli O Farache, Jeanyves RasplusAbstract:Conidarnes, a new oriental genus of Sycophaginae (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae)... 119 Conidarnes, a new oriental genus of Sycophagina
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conidarnes a new oriental genus of sycophaginae hymenoptera Agaonidae associated with ficus section conosycea moraceae
ZooKeys, 2015Co-Authors: Fernando Henrique Antoniolli Farache, Jeanyves RasplusAbstract:The sycophagines are strictly associated with two subgenera of Ficus L. (Moraceae), namely Sycomorus and Urostigma. They mostly oviposit through the fig wall and lay their eggs within the fig flowers, being either gall-makers or parasitoids of other fig wasps. In this contribution, a new genus of Sycophaginae, Conidarnes Farache & Rasplus, gen. n., is described with seven new species: Conidarnes achterbergi Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; Conidarnes bergi Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; Conidarnes laevis Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; Conidarnes santineloi Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; Conidarnes subtectae Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; Conidarnes sulcata Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; and Conidarnes sumatranae Farache & Rasplus, sp. n. Illustrations, morphological diagnoses, dichotomous keys and multi-entry online keys to species are provided. Conidarnes species strictly occur in the oriental region, and their distribution does not overlap with the distribution of the two other genera belonging to the same clade. Due to their relative rarity, we encourage extensive sampling of Conosycea figs to improve our knowledge of the genus.
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revision of the australasian genus pseudidarnes girault 1927 hymenoptera Agaonidae sycophaginae
ZooKeys, 2014Co-Authors: Fernando Henrique Antoniolli Farache, Jeanyves RasplusAbstract:The species of Pseudidarnes are revised, and six species are described: P. acaudus Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; P. astridae Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; P. badiogeminus Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; P. cooki Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; P. kjellbergi Farache & Rasplus, sp. n.; P. laevis Farache & Rasplus, sp. n. Pseudidarnes minerva Girault, 1927 and P. flavicollis Boucek, 1988 are redescribed. A key to the species is provided as well as illustrations for all females and all known males (except the wingless male of P. minerva). We also provided further discussion on ecology, morphological patterns, and host taxonomy. Online dichotomous and multi-access interactive LUCID keys to all Pseudidarnes species are available at http://www.figweb.org/.
Stephen G. Compton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tritrophic interactions involving a dioecious fig tree its fig pollinating wasp and fig nematodes
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Jauharlina Jauharlina, Rupe J Quinnell, Rina Sriwati, Natsumi Kanzaki, Hartati Oktarina, Stephen G. ComptonAbstract:Many species of fig trees (Ficus spp., Moraceae) have nematodes that develop inside their inflorescences (figs). Nematodes are carried into young figs by females of the trees’ host-specific pollinating fig wasps (Agaonidae) that enter the figs to lay their eggs. The majority of Asian fig trees are functionally dioecious. Pollinators that enter figs on female trees cannot reproduce and any nematodes they carry will also be trapped inside. The biology of the nematodes is diverse, but is poorly understood. Here, we describe the fate of nematodes carried by the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen solmsi marchali into figs on male and female trees of Ficus hispida, in Sumatra, Indonesia. Figs were sampled routinely from both male and female trees over six-month period, some of them were extracted to observe the nematodes development and their population inside. Three species of nematodes developed routinely inside figs of both sexes: Caenorhabditis sp. (Rhabditidae), Ficophagus cf. centerae and Martininema baculum (Aphelenchoididae). This is the first record of a Caenorhabditis sp. associated with F. hispida. Mean numbers of nematodes reached around 120-140 in both male and female figs. These peak population sizes coincided with the emergence of the new generation of adult fig wasps in male fig trees. This study showed that figs from female trees can support nematode development, but the absence of vectors means that the figs remain lethal traps for any nematodes that develop in them. Just like their fig wasp vectors, the nematodes cannot avoid this routine source of mortality. Keywords: Agaonidae, Caenorhabditis, Aphelenchoididae, Ficus hispida, phoresy, vector
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Phenological Adaptations in Ficus tikoua Exhibit Convergence with Unrelated Extra-Tropical Fig Trees
2016Co-Authors: Ting-ting Zhao, Stephen G. Compton, Yong-jiang Yang, Rong Wang, Yan ChenAbstract:Flowering phenology is central to the ecology and evolution of most flowering plants. In highly-specific nursery pollination systems, such as that involving fig trees (Ficus species) and fig wasps (Agaonidae), any mismatch in timing has serious consequences because the plants must balance seed production with maintenance of their pollinator populations. Most fig trees are found in tropical or subtropical habitats, but the dioecious Chinese Ficus tikoua has a more northerly distribution. We monitored how its fruiting phenology has adapted in response to a highly seasonal environment. Male trees (where fig wasps reproduce) had one to three crops annually, whereas many seed-producing female trees produced only one fig crop. The timing of release of Ceratosolen fig wasps from male figs in late May and June was synchronized with the presence of receptive figs on female trees, at a time when there were few receptive figs on male trees, thereby ensuring seed set while allowing remnant pollinator populations to persist. F. tikoua phenology has converged with those of other (unrelated) northern Ficus species, but there ar
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A comparison of pollinator fig wasp development in figs of Ficus montana and its hybrids with Ficus asperifolia
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2015Co-Authors: Salah Ghana, Nazia Suleman, Stephen G. ComptonAbstract:Figs (Moraceae) and pollinator fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) have a highly specific mutualistic relationship but fig wasps occasionally enter atypical hosts, and this can lead to hybrid fig trees and the potential for gene flow between species. Many fig trees are dioecious, with fig wasp offspring developing in galled ovules inside figs on male trees, whereas seeds develop only in figs on female trees. We generated experimental hybrids between the Asian Ficus montana Blume and a closely related African species Ficus asperifolia Miquel. Male F1s were sterile if entered by Kradibia tentacularis (Grandi) (Agaonidae), the pollinator of F. montana, because its offspring always failed to develop, without ovule enlargement. As with the F1s, figs on most male backcross plants [F. montana × (F. montana × F. asperifolia)] also aborted shortly after pollinator entry, resulting in a higher turnover of figs than with F. montana, although the times taken for the figs to reach receptivity were similar. Pollinator larvae nonetheless consistently managed to develop inside the figs of one backcross plant and also occasionally in a few figs from another backcross individual. In these figs, galled ovules developed as normal, whereas in figs that aborted the galled ovules failed to enlarge. The sex ratio of K. tentacularis progeny in the backcross figs was female biased and did not differ from that in F. montana figs. Sycoscapter spec. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of K. tentacularis, was able to lay eggs and developed normally inside male backcross figs where its host was present.
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the wasps bees and ants insecta vespida hymenoptera from the insect limestone late eocene of the isle of wight uk
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 2013Co-Authors: Av Antropov, Stephen G. Compton, Sa Belokobylskij, Gm Dlussky, Ai Khalaim, Va Kolyada, Ks Perfilieva, Mikhail A Kozlov, Ap RasnitsynAbstract:The types and undescribed material of the hymenopteran fossils of the Insect Bed of the Bembridge Marls from the Isle of Wight (UK) are critically revised and studied. A total of 1460 fossils are recorded and attributed to 20 families: Gasteruptiidae s.l. (1); Proctotrupidae (3); Diapriidae (24); Cynipidae (7); Figitidae (6); Pteromalidae (1); Agaonidae (3); Scelionidae (12); Platygastridae (2); Ichneumonidae (32); Braconidae (75); Bethylidae (3); Crabronidae (2); Sphecidae (1); Apidae (2); Scoliidae (1); Tiphiidae (2); Vespidae (4); and Formicidae (1220). Described as new are 51 species, 13 genera, two tribes and two subfamilies. Minimum number of species recorded (either as described species or representing higher taxa with no described species in the assemblage) is 118. The composition of the hymenopteran assemblage is most similar to that of Baltic amber and indicative of a well forested territory, as well as of a humid, equable (aseasonal but not very hot) climate, more typically equable than in the Baltic amber source area, judging from the absence of Aphidiinae and scarcity of aphids.
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chromosome numbers are not fixed in Agaonidae hymenoptera chalcidoidea
Symbiosis, 2011Co-Authors: Qing Liu, Stephen G. Compton, Da-rong YangAbstract:Agaonidae (the pollinators of fig trees, Ficus spp., Moraceae) are a distinctive family of chalcid wasps with uncertain affinities within the Chalcidoidea. Chromosome numbers have only been described previously for one species (Blastophaga psenes, 2n = 12, the pollinator of F. carica, of subgenus Ficus). In this paper, we used a modified technique to analyze the karyology of three Ceratosolen species, Ceratosolen solmsi, C. graveli and C. emarginatus which are associated with figs of Ficus subgenus Sycomorus. Their karyotypes are 2n = 10. All the chromosomes are metacentric (NF = 20) with little difference in relative lengths, making them hard to distinguish. The variation in chromosome numbers that we have detected suggests that karyology can usefully complement molecular-based studies of the phylogeny of fig wasps.
David A. Grimaldi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fig Wasps in Dominican Amber (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)
American Museum Novitates, 2006Co-Authors: Enrique Peñalver, David A. GrimaldiAbstract:The fauna of fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae: Agaoninae) preserved in Early Miocene (Burdigalian) amber from the Dominican Republic is reported. Three species are described, representing both of the exclusively neotropical genera Tetrapus Mayr and Pegoscapus
Finn Kjellberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2003b Convergence and coevolution in a mutualism: evidence from a molecular phylogeny of Ficus
2020Co-Authors: Emmanuelle Jousselin, Jeanyves Rasplus, Finn KjellbergAbstract:Abstract. The interaction between Ficus (Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae; more than 700 species-specific couples) is one of the most specialized mutualisms found in nature. Both partners of this interaction show extensive variation in their respective biology. Here we investigate Ficus life-history trait evolution an
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Dataset_EF
2016Co-Authors: Zuo-dong Wei, Noppol Kobmoo, Astrid Cruaud, Finn KjellbergAbstract:EF sequences for phylogenetic inference (Agaonidae
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Dataset_Cytb
2016Co-Authors: Zuo-dong Wei, Noppol Kobmoo, Astrid Cruaud, Finn KjellbergAbstract:Cytb sequences for phylogenetic inference (Agaonidae
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laying the foundations for a new classification of Agaonidae hymenoptera chalcidoidea a multilocus phylogenetic approach
Cladistics, 2009Co-Authors: Astrid Cruaud, Finn Kjellberg, Roula Jabbourzahab, Gwenaelle Genson, Corinne Cruaud, Arnaud Couloux, Simon Van Noort, Jeanyves RasplusAbstract:A phylogeny of the Agaonidae (Chalcidoidea) in their restricted sense, pollinators of Ficus species (Moraceae), is estimated using 4182 nucleotides from six genes, obtained from 101 species representing 19 of the 20 recognized genera, and four outgroups. Data analysed by parsimony and Bayesian inference methods demonstrate that Agaonidae are monophyletic and that the previous classification is not supported. Agaonidae are partitioned into four groups: (i) Tetrapus, (ii) Ceratosolen + Kradibia, (iii) some Blastophaga + Wiebesia species, and (iv) all genera associated with monoecious figs and a few Blastophaga and Wiebesia. The latter group is subdivided into subgroups: (i) Pleistodontes, (ii) Blastophaga psenes and neocaledonian Dolichoris, (iii) some Blastophaga and Wiebesia species, and (iv) Platyscapa, all afrotropical genera and all genera associated with section Conosycea. Eleven genera were recovered as monophyletic, six were para- or polyphyletic, and two cannot be tested with our data set. Based on our phylogeny we propose a new classification for the Agaonidae. Two new subfamilies are proposed: Tetrapusiinae for the genus Tetrapus, and Kradibiinae for Ceratosolen + Kradibia. Liporrhopalum is synonymized with Kradibia and the subgenus Valisia of Blastophaga is elevated to generic rank. These changes resulted in 36 new combinations. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of co-speciation between the pollinators and their host species by comparing the two phylogenies. � The Willi Hennig Society 2009.
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Gynandromorphism in pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)
Entomological News, 2003Co-Authors: Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo Pereira, Angelo Pires Do Prado, Finn KjellbergAbstract:4 ABSTRACT: Gynandromorph specimens of pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) are reported for the first time. Gynandromorph individuals of Pegoscapus tonduzi (pollinator of Ficus citrifolia - Moraceae) and Blastophaga psenes (pollinator of F. carica) were found in galls from which insects had not emerged. P. tonduzi gynandromorph specimens showed female and male tis- sues distributed in a mosaic over all parts of the body , but with the genitalia predominantly mascu - line, while in B. psenes the individuals had a female front part and a male hind part. The presence of gynanadromorphs at low frequencies in two species suggests that they may also occur in other fig wasp species, but their occurrence is not noticed because of their low frequency and because it is nec - essary to crack open the closed galls to find these insects.