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Philippe Callac - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens from iran shares genetic markers with specimens from china and thailand
    Botany, 2017
    Co-Authors: Valiollah Mahdizadeh, Naser Safaie, Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh, Mohammad Reza Asef, Philippe Callac
    Abstract:

    Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a cosmopolitan species of nutritional and medicinal interest. Three types of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences were recently characterized for this species. Sequences of types A, B, or both types A and B are found in American and European specimens, while sequences of type C are found in Asian (China and Thailand) and Oceanian (Hawaii) specimens. We report on a collection of this species from Iran, for the first time. Both the morphological features and ITS sequence confirm its identification as A. subrufescens. Its ITS sequence was of type C and even identical to that of specimens previously reported from Hawaii, China, and Thailand. This sequence differed from those of Europe or the Americas, where most current cultivars originate. The discovery of a specimen likely native to Iran extends the known distribution range of the ITS sequence of type C from East Asia to Iran. More collections from West Asia (and elsewhere, for example Africa) would help to better k...

  • studies on Agaricus subtilipes a new cultivatable species from thailand incidentally reveal the presence of Agaricus subrufescens in africa
    Mycoscience, 2016
    Co-Authors: Naritsada Thongklang, Kevin D. Hyde, Jie Chen, Asanka R Bandara, Olivier Raspe, Luis A Parra, Philippe Callac
    Abstract:

    Abstract The genus Agaricus includes cultivated species of nutritional and medicinal interest, such as A. bisporus and A. subrufescens. The latter and A. flocculosipes were the only species of the A. sect. Arvenses that have been reported from Thailand. In this section, we introduce Agaricus subtilipes, a new species from North Thailand. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA gene showed that this new species is sister to A. flocculosipes. A comparison of Agaricus subtilipes with tropical species of A. sect. Arvenses led us to revisit the species A. bambusae. Unexpectedly, A. bambusae var. bambusae which was described from Africa was shown to be a synonym of Agaricus subrufescens based on molecular data. In contrast, A. bambusae var. australis which was described from New Zealand was not closely related to A. subrufescens, but was a sister species to A. subantarcticus, also described from this country; this variety is therefore raised to species rank and renamed as A. horakianus. In experimental cultivation, an isolate of A. subtilipes fructified on compost substrate with conditions used for A. subrufescens cultivation. This first fruiting test showed that A. subtilipes can be domesticated, however further investigations are required to optimize conditions for industrial yields.

  • genetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer sequences suggest introgression and duplication in the medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens
    PLOS ONE, 2016
    Co-Authors: Magalie Moinard, Shouxian Wang, Ruilin Zhao, Marie Foulongneoriol, Jianping Xu, Philippe Callac
    Abstract:

    The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster is widely used in fungal taxonomy and phylogeographic studies. The medicinal and edible mushroom Agaricus subrufescens has a worldwide distribution with a high level of polymorphism in the ITS region. A previous analysis suggested notable ITS sequence heterogeneity within the wild French isolate CA487. The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern and potential mechanism of ITS sequence heterogeneity within this strain. Using PCR, cloning, and sequencing, we identified three types of ITS sequences, A, B, and C with a balanced distribution, which differed from each other at 13 polymorphic positions. The phylogenetic comparisons with samples from different continents revealed that the type C sequence was similar to those found in Oceanian and Asian specimens of A. subrufescens while types A and B sequences were close to those found in the Americas or in Europe. We further investigated the inheritance of these three ITS sequence types by analyzing their distribution among single-spore isolates from CA487. In this analysis, three co-dominant markers were used firstly to distinguish the homokaryotic offspring from the heterokaryotic offspring. The homokaryotic offspring were then analyzed for their ITS types. Our genetic analyses revealed that types A and B were two alleles segregating at one locus ITSI, while type C was not allelic with types A and B but was located at another unlinked locus ITSII. Furthermore, type C was present in only one of the two constitutive haploid nuclei (n) of the heterokaryotic (n+n) parent CA487. These data suggest that there was a relatively recent introduction of the type C sequence and a duplication of the ITS locus in this strain. Whether other genes were also transferred and duplicated and their impacts on genome structure and stability remain to be investigated.

  • Spore behaviors reveal a category of mating-competent infertile heterokaryons in the offspring of the medicinal fungus Agaricus subrufescens
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Manuela Rocha De Brito, Jean-michel Savoie, Marie Foulongne-oriol, Magalie Moinard, Eustáquio Souza Dias, Philippe Callac
    Abstract:

    Strain breeding is much less advanced in the edible and medicinal species Agaricus subrufescens than in Agaricus bisporus , the button mushroom. Both species have a unifactorial system of sexual incompatibility, a mating type locus tightly linked to a centromere, and basidia producing both homokaryotic ( n ) and heterokaryotic ( n + n ) spores. In A. bisporus , breeding is mainly based on direct selection among the heterokaryotic offspring and on hybridization between homokaryotic offspring. The parental heterozygosity is highly maintained in the heterokaryotic offspring due to suppression of recombination and preferential pairing in the spores of nuclei, each one per second meiotic divisions; such “non-sister nuclei” heterokaryons are fertile. In A. subrufescens , recent studies revealed that recombination is not suppressed and that nuclei from the same second meiotic division can also be paired in a spore that give rise to a “sister nuclei” heterokaryon in which the nuclei bear the same mating type allele. The objective of the present work was to investigate the potential function of the different categories of spores in A. subrufescens and their possible use in a genetic breeding program. Using eight co-dominant molecular markers, we found that half of the offspring of the A. subrufescens strain WC837 were heterokaryotic, one quarter of them being sister nuclei heterokaryons. These heterokaryons were infertile and behaved like homokaryons, being even able to cross between each other. In contrast, non-sister nuclei heterokaryons could fruit but inconsistently due to inbreeding depression. Potential roles of these two categories of heterokaryons in nature and consequences for strain breeding are discussed.

  • Mycosphere Essay 8: A review of genus Agaricus in tropical and humid subtropical regions of Asia
    Mycosphere Journal, 2016
    Co-Authors: Samantha Chandranath Karunarathna, Philippe Callac, J. Chen, P.e. Mortimer, R.l. Zhao, K.d. Hyde
    Abstract:

    The genus Agaricus includes both edible and poisonous species, with more than 400 species worldwide. This genus includes many species, which are enormously important as sources of food and medicine, such as the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and the almond mushroom (Agaricus subrufescens). This paper reviews the genus Agaricus in tropical and humid subtropical regions of Asia, including the history, characteristics, pertinent morphological and organoleptic taxonomic traits, molecular phylogeny and taxonomy advances, toxicity and edibility. This review includes Agaricus species that are known to be highly valued as edible and medicinal mushrooms, and provides a comprehensive checklist of species described from the tropical and humid subtropical regions of Asia until the end of 2015.

Diego Cunha Zied - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chemical composition and chromatographic fingerprint of three strains of Agaricus subrufescens cultivated with handmade and commercial supplements
    Food Chemistry, 2021
    Co-Authors: Anna Ferrari, Diego Cunha Zied, Gustavo Galo Marcheafave, Helena Mannochiorusso, Vanderlan Da Silva Bolzani, Ieda Spacino Scarminio, Maria Luiza Zeraik
    Abstract:

    Exploratory factor analysis was applied to determine the chemical differences between fruitbodies of three Agaricus subrufescens mushroom strains [from Japan (JP), Brazil (ABZ), and Belgium (T2)] grown with handmade and commercial supplements. The composition of the ABZ strain cultivated with agro-industrial waste supplement presented a high nutritional composition regarding the amounts of fibre and protein, similar to mushrooms cultivated with the commercial supplement. The chromatographic fingerprints obtained for T2 and JP strains grown with commercial supplements presented similar profiles compared to those cultivated with the supplement based on peanut and the mix of supplements. The chromatographic analysis also showed that the similarities are correlated with the relative abundance of antioxidant compounds annotated by HPLC-MS, such as vanillic acid deoxyhexoside, caffeic acid hexoside, catechin hexosemalonate, digallic acid, cinnamic acid derivative, and p-coumaroylmalic acid. This study showed that handmade supplements based on agro-industrial waste could be viable alternatives for replacing high-cost supplements.

  • overview of four Agaricus subrufescens strains used in the last 15 years in brazil and other countries and current potential materials for the future
    Mycological Progress, 2021
    Co-Authors: Diego Cunha Zied, Eustaquio Souza Dias, Wagner Goncalves Vieira, Douglas M M Soares, Cassius V Stevani, Matheus Rodrigo Iossi, Arturo Pardogimenez
    Abstract:

    The mushroom Agaricus subrufescens has been synonymous with Agaricus blazei and Agaricus brasiliensis during the last decades, and there has been much discussion with regard to the origin, distribution, and nomenclature of this mushroom. Therefore, we conducted a genetic and morphological characterization of the mycelium and mushroom of four commercial strains currently cultivated in Brazil (ABL CS7, ABL 18/01, ABL 98/11, and ABL 16/01) together with an assessment of their agronomic behavior and compared these results with those published in works using other strains during the last 15 years. All the A. subrufescens strains characterized here are phylogenetically related to the Americas/Europe specimens, bearing an internal transcribed spacer region of type A (ABL 16/01) or both types A and B (ABL 18/01, ABL 98/11, and ABL CS7). We did not find any correlation between the morphological characteristics of the mycelial colonies and the agronomic behavior of the strains. Strains ABL 98/11 and ABL 16/01 produced the best yields and morphological characteristics for the mushrooms, indicating their high weight, which enhances the commercialization of the mushroom and justifies their longstanding commercial use over the last 15 years.

  • influence of the production environment on the cultivation of lettuce and arugula with spent mushroom substrate
    Journal of Environmental Management, 2021
    Co-Authors: Diego Cunha Zied, Carlos Godinho De Abreu, Lucas Da Silva Alves, Evandro Pereira Prado, Arturo Pardogimenez, Paulo Cesar De Melo, Eustaquio Souza Dias
    Abstract:

    Abstract After mushroom production, the substrate plus the cultivated mycelium represents a byproduct, the so-called “spent mushroom substrate” (SMS). We evaluated different SMS types in fresh form, recently taken from the cultivation rooms, for the production of lettuce and arugula in the open field, greenhouse and greenhouse in pot. Three kinds of SMS were used (i - SMS of ABL (Agaricus subrufescens), ii - SMS of POS (Pleurotus ostreatus) and iii - 50% SMS of ABL + 50% SMS of POS) at three doses (1, 2 and 4 kg m−2). For comparison purposes, two commercial soil conditioners, Forth Condicionador® and Visa Fertil Orgânico®, were used. Finally, chicken manure with reference as international organic material was used. A control treatment consisted of a soil plot without any organic material. The application of fresh SMS in the production of LE (lettuce) and AR (arugula) is feasible considering several agronomic parameters evaluated, therefore that in F (field) the superior results were obtained by the ABL dose of 4 kg m−2, in the GR (green house) at a lower dose ABL with 1 kg m−2, POS with 2 kg m−2 and mix with ABL + POS at doses of 2–4 kg m−2, and finally in GR/P (greenhouse pot) it was proved that in a protected environment by rain the combination ABL + POS at dose of 4 kg m−2 is recommended.

  • optimization of cultivation techniques improves the agronomic behavior of Agaricus subrufescens
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Arturo Pardogimenez, Eustaquio Souza Dias, Danny Lee Rinker, Cinthia E C Caitano, Jose E Pardo, Diego Cunha Zied
    Abstract:

    New species of medicinal mushrooms have emerged over the past several decades, such as the Sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens. Horticultural improvements are required to shift its cultivation from small-scale local production to large-scale international production. The research reported here evaluated the agronomic behavior and the chemical characteristics of the Sun mushroom as a function of i) nutritional supplementation ii) ruffling of the casing layer and iii) the temperature management on the primordia induction and reduction of the crop cycle. Supplementation was beneficial for yield, unit mushroom weigh and decrease in time to first harvest. Supplementation improved biological efficiency with Champfood providing a yield increase of 15% over the non-supplemented compost. Among the supplements only Promycel increased the individual mushroom weight. Ruffling overall improved the yield in the 2nd and 4th flush. Already biological efficiency was greater by 21%. The highest yield harvested in any single day in the crop occurred in 3rd flush with the amount of 2.484 kg of mushrooms per m2 for the rapid induction method. Still the biological efficiency was not significantly affected by the mushroom induction temperature method. Only the fat content of the mushrooms was positively affected by the rapid induction of primordia. Champfood supplement promotes a reduction in the value of earliness and an increase of 1st flush yield. The ruffling technique provided an increase in biological efficiency due to the great number of mushrooms harvested. Rapid primordia induction allowed the crop cycle to end 3 days earlier than the slow primordia induction, providing a higher production rate.

  • using of appropriated strains in the practice of compost supplementation for Agaricus subrufescens production
    Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2018
    Co-Authors: Diego Cunha Zied, Arturo Pardogimenez, Eustaquio Souza Dias, Cinthia E C Caitano, Maria Luiza Zeraik, Jose E Pardo
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to analyse the viability of supplementation of Agaricus subrufescens compost with different organic materials, using 3 commercial strains. Compost was prepared by the traditional method and was used as a control (without supplemented). Six supplements were applied and can be separated into 4 categories: i) commercial supplements (recommended for Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus); ii) supplements based on agro-industrial waste (provided by peanut and acerola juice); iii) supplements based on noble grains (a mix with bran of soybean, corn and cotton); and iv) a blend of supplements ii and iii (peanut waste, acerola juice waste, and noble grains - a mixture of 33.3% each). The results showed that the practice of supplementation is an important tool to improve the yield in the industrial production of A. subrufescens. Waste materials and noble grains can be selected as quality supplements. The use of appropriated strains is essential for the success of the supplementation practice.

Jean-michel Savoie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Methanolic extracts from cultivated mushrooms affect the production of fumonisins B and fusaric acid by fusarium verticillioides
    Toxins, 2020
    Co-Authors: Daniel Merel, Jean-michel Savoie, Gerardo Mata, Dulce Salmones, Carlos Ortega, Vessela Atanasova, Sylvain Chéreau, Juan Monribot-villanueva, José Guerrero-analco
    Abstract:

    The maize pathogen Fusarium verticillioides and their mycotoxins cause damage to plants, animals, and human health. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of crude extracts (CEs) from Agaricus subrufescens, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies on in vitro production of biomass and mycotoxins by two strains of F. verticillioides. Stipes and pilei were separated before extraction for A. subrufescens and L. edodes. Comparative metabolomics and dereplication of phenolic compounds were used to analyze all CEs. Mushroom CEs did not significantly inhibit the production of mycelial biomass at concentrations of 2 mg mL⁻ 1. CEs from A. subrufescens (stipes and pilei) and L. edodes pilei inhibited the production of fumonisins B1 + B2 + B3 by 54% to 80%, whereas CE from P. ostreatus had no effect. In contrast, CE from L. edodes stipes dramatically increased the concentration of fumonisins in culture media. Fusaric acid concentration was decreased in cultures by all CEs except L. edodes stipes. Differences in phenolic composition of the extracts may explain the different effects of the CE treatments on the production of mycotoxins. The opposing activities of stipes and pilei from L. edodes offer an opportunity to search for active compounds to control the mycotoxin production by F. verticillioides.

  • Spore behaviors reveal a category of mating-competent infertile heterokaryons in the offspring of the medicinal fungus Agaricus subrufescens
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Manuela Rocha De Brito, Jean-michel Savoie, Marie Foulongne-oriol, Magalie Moinard, Eustáquio Souza Dias, Philippe Callac
    Abstract:

    Strain breeding is much less advanced in the edible and medicinal species Agaricus subrufescens than in Agaricus bisporus , the button mushroom. Both species have a unifactorial system of sexual incompatibility, a mating type locus tightly linked to a centromere, and basidia producing both homokaryotic ( n ) and heterokaryotic ( n + n ) spores. In A. bisporus , breeding is mainly based on direct selection among the heterokaryotic offspring and on hybridization between homokaryotic offspring. The parental heterozygosity is highly maintained in the heterokaryotic offspring due to suppression of recombination and preferential pairing in the spores of nuclei, each one per second meiotic divisions; such “non-sister nuclei” heterokaryons are fertile. In A. subrufescens , recent studies revealed that recombination is not suppressed and that nuclei from the same second meiotic division can also be paired in a spore that give rise to a “sister nuclei” heterokaryon in which the nuclei bear the same mating type allele. The objective of the present work was to investigate the potential function of the different categories of spores in A. subrufescens and their possible use in a genetic breeding program. Using eight co-dominant molecular markers, we found that half of the offspring of the A. subrufescens strain WC837 were heterokaryotic, one quarter of them being sister nuclei heterokaryons. These heterokaryons were infertile and behaved like homokaryons, being even able to cross between each other. In contrast, non-sister nuclei heterokaryons could fruit but inconsistently due to inbreeding depression. Potential roles of these two categories of heterokaryons in nature and consequences for strain breeding are discussed.

  • The genetic linkage map of the medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens reveals highly conserved macrosynteny with the congeneric species Agaricus bisporus
    G3, 2016
    Co-Authors: Marie Foulongne-oriol, Cathy Spataro, Magalie Moinard, Philippe Callac, Manuela Rocha De Brito, Eustáquio Souza Dias, Delphine Cabannes, Aurélien Clement, Jean-michel Savoie
    Abstract:

    Comparative linkage mapping can rapidly facilitate the transfer of genetic information from model species to orphan species. This macrosynteny analysis approach has been extensively used in plant species, but few example are available in fungi, and even fewer in mushroom crop species. Among the latter, the Agaricus genus comprises the most cultivable or potentially cultivable species. Agaricus bisporus, the button mushroom, is the model for edible and cultivable mushrooms. We have developed the first genetic linkage map for the basidiomycete A. subrufescens, an emerging mushroom crop known for its therapeutic properties and potential medicinal applications. The map includes 202 markers distributed over 16 linkage groups (LG), and covers a total length of 1701 cM, with an average marker spacing of 8.2 cM. Using 96 homologous loci, we also demonstrated the high level of macrosynteny with the genome of A. bisporus. The 13 main LG of A. subrufescens were syntenic to the 13 A. bisporus chromosomes. A disrupted synteny was observed for the three remaining A. subrufescens LG. Electronic mapping of a collection of A. subrufescens expressed sequence tags on A. bisporus genome showed that the homologous loci were evenly spread, with the exception of a few local hot or cold spots of homology. Our results were discussed in the light of Agaricus species evolution process. The map provides a framework for future genetic or genomic studies of the medicinal mushroom A. subrufescens.

  • The first set of expressed sequence tags (EST) from the medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens delivers resource for gene discovery and marker development
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Marie Foulongne-oriol, Nicolas Lapalu, Cathy Spataro, Nathalie Ferrer, Joelle Amselem, Cyril Férandon, Jean-michel Savoie
    Abstract:

    Agaricus subrufescens is one of the most important culinary-medicinal cultivable mushrooms with potentially high-added-value products and extended agronomical valorization. The development of A. subrufescens -related technologies is hampered by, among others, the lack of suitable molecular tools. Thus, this mushroom is considered as a genomic orphan species with a very limited number of available molecular markers or sequences. To fill this gap, this study reports the generation and analysis of the first set of expressed sequence tags (EST) for A. subrufescens . cDNA fragments obtained from young sporophores (SP) and vegetative mycelium in liquid culture (CL) were sequenced using 454 pyrosequencing technology. After assembly process, 4,989 and 5,125 sequences were obtained in SP and CL libraries, respectively. About 87 % of the EST had significant similarity with Agaricus bisporus -predicted proteins, and 79 % correspond to known proteins. Functional categorization according to Gene Ontology could be assigned to 49 % of the sequences. Some gene families potentially involved in bioactive compound biosynthesis could be identified. A total of 232 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, and a set of 40 EST-SSR polymorphic markers were successfully developed. This EST dataset provides a new resource for gene discovery and molecular marker development. It constitutes a solid basis for further genetic and genomic studies in A. subrufescens .

  • Do spawn storage conditions influence the colonization capacity of a wheat-straw-based substrate by Agaricus subrufescens?
    Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2014
    Co-Authors: Anne Marie Farnet Da Silva, Jean-michel Savoie, Frédérique Peter-valence, Florence Ruaudel, Fabio Ziarelli, Leila Qasemian, Sevastianos Roussos, Isabelle Gaime-perraud, Elisée Ferré
    Abstract:

    Storage conditions of the spawn of edible fungi are of major importance to facilitate the production of mushrooms. Here, standard storage conditions at 10 °C or 15 °C were used and the potential of colonization of standard European compost by the tropical species Agaricus subrufescens was assessed during the spawn running phase. Two lignocellulolytic activities, laccase and CMC-cellulase, were enhanced after storage compared to control as well as substrate transformation, as described by the aromaticity ratio and a humification ratio calculated from NMR data. This result indicates that mycelium growth probably occurred during storage at 10 or 15 °C, leading to a larger amount of biomass in the inoculum. Moreover, the microbial functional diversity of the substrate was favored, showing that the electivity of the substrate was maintained. Thus, these findings indicate that recommendations for the mushroom producers can be established for A. subrufescens cultivation under European standard conditions.

Eustaquio Souza Dias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • overview of four Agaricus subrufescens strains used in the last 15 years in brazil and other countries and current potential materials for the future
    Mycological Progress, 2021
    Co-Authors: Diego Cunha Zied, Eustaquio Souza Dias, Wagner Goncalves Vieira, Douglas M M Soares, Cassius V Stevani, Matheus Rodrigo Iossi, Arturo Pardogimenez
    Abstract:

    The mushroom Agaricus subrufescens has been synonymous with Agaricus blazei and Agaricus brasiliensis during the last decades, and there has been much discussion with regard to the origin, distribution, and nomenclature of this mushroom. Therefore, we conducted a genetic and morphological characterization of the mycelium and mushroom of four commercial strains currently cultivated in Brazil (ABL CS7, ABL 18/01, ABL 98/11, and ABL 16/01) together with an assessment of their agronomic behavior and compared these results with those published in works using other strains during the last 15 years. All the A. subrufescens strains characterized here are phylogenetically related to the Americas/Europe specimens, bearing an internal transcribed spacer region of type A (ABL 16/01) or both types A and B (ABL 18/01, ABL 98/11, and ABL CS7). We did not find any correlation between the morphological characteristics of the mycelial colonies and the agronomic behavior of the strains. Strains ABL 98/11 and ABL 16/01 produced the best yields and morphological characteristics for the mushrooms, indicating their high weight, which enhances the commercialization of the mushroom and justifies their longstanding commercial use over the last 15 years.

  • influence of the production environment on the cultivation of lettuce and arugula with spent mushroom substrate
    Journal of Environmental Management, 2021
    Co-Authors: Diego Cunha Zied, Carlos Godinho De Abreu, Lucas Da Silva Alves, Evandro Pereira Prado, Arturo Pardogimenez, Paulo Cesar De Melo, Eustaquio Souza Dias
    Abstract:

    Abstract After mushroom production, the substrate plus the cultivated mycelium represents a byproduct, the so-called “spent mushroom substrate” (SMS). We evaluated different SMS types in fresh form, recently taken from the cultivation rooms, for the production of lettuce and arugula in the open field, greenhouse and greenhouse in pot. Three kinds of SMS were used (i - SMS of ABL (Agaricus subrufescens), ii - SMS of POS (Pleurotus ostreatus) and iii - 50% SMS of ABL + 50% SMS of POS) at three doses (1, 2 and 4 kg m−2). For comparison purposes, two commercial soil conditioners, Forth Condicionador® and Visa Fertil Orgânico®, were used. Finally, chicken manure with reference as international organic material was used. A control treatment consisted of a soil plot without any organic material. The application of fresh SMS in the production of LE (lettuce) and AR (arugula) is feasible considering several agronomic parameters evaluated, therefore that in F (field) the superior results were obtained by the ABL dose of 4 kg m−2, in the GR (green house) at a lower dose ABL with 1 kg m−2, POS with 2 kg m−2 and mix with ABL + POS at doses of 2–4 kg m−2, and finally in GR/P (greenhouse pot) it was proved that in a protected environment by rain the combination ABL + POS at dose of 4 kg m−2 is recommended.

  • optimization of cultivation techniques improves the agronomic behavior of Agaricus subrufescens
    Scientific Reports, 2020
    Co-Authors: Arturo Pardogimenez, Eustaquio Souza Dias, Danny Lee Rinker, Cinthia E C Caitano, Jose E Pardo, Diego Cunha Zied
    Abstract:

    New species of medicinal mushrooms have emerged over the past several decades, such as the Sun mushroom, Agaricus subrufescens. Horticultural improvements are required to shift its cultivation from small-scale local production to large-scale international production. The research reported here evaluated the agronomic behavior and the chemical characteristics of the Sun mushroom as a function of i) nutritional supplementation ii) ruffling of the casing layer and iii) the temperature management on the primordia induction and reduction of the crop cycle. Supplementation was beneficial for yield, unit mushroom weigh and decrease in time to first harvest. Supplementation improved biological efficiency with Champfood providing a yield increase of 15% over the non-supplemented compost. Among the supplements only Promycel increased the individual mushroom weight. Ruffling overall improved the yield in the 2nd and 4th flush. Already biological efficiency was greater by 21%. The highest yield harvested in any single day in the crop occurred in 3rd flush with the amount of 2.484 kg of mushrooms per m2 for the rapid induction method. Still the biological efficiency was not significantly affected by the mushroom induction temperature method. Only the fat content of the mushrooms was positively affected by the rapid induction of primordia. Champfood supplement promotes a reduction in the value of earliness and an increase of 1st flush yield. The ruffling technique provided an increase in biological efficiency due to the great number of mushrooms harvested. Rapid primordia induction allowed the crop cycle to end 3 days earlier than the slow primordia induction, providing a higher production rate.

  • using of appropriated strains in the practice of compost supplementation for Agaricus subrufescens production
    Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2018
    Co-Authors: Diego Cunha Zied, Arturo Pardogimenez, Eustaquio Souza Dias, Cinthia E C Caitano, Maria Luiza Zeraik, Jose E Pardo
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to analyse the viability of supplementation of Agaricus subrufescens compost with different organic materials, using 3 commercial strains. Compost was prepared by the traditional method and was used as a control (without supplemented). Six supplements were applied and can be separated into 4 categories: i) commercial supplements (recommended for Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus); ii) supplements based on agro-industrial waste (provided by peanut and acerola juice); iii) supplements based on noble grains (a mix with bran of soybean, corn and cotton); and iv) a blend of supplements ii and iii (peanut waste, acerola juice waste, and noble grains - a mixture of 33.3% each). The results showed that the practice of supplementation is an important tool to improve the yield in the industrial production of A. subrufescens. Waste materials and noble grains can be selected as quality supplements. The use of appropriated strains is essential for the success of the supplementation practice.

  • casing layer and effect of primordia induction in the production of Agaricus subrufescens mushroom
    Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2017
    Co-Authors: Emerson Tokuda Martos, Diego Cunha Zied, Romildo Da Silva, Danny Lee Rinker, Pedro Paulo Gadoni Junqueira, Romulo Cesar Clemente Toledo, Eustaquio Souza Dias
    Abstract:

    Abstract Agaricus subrufescens growers have faced difficulties in standardizing and maintaining optimal production yield, even when they produce or acquire quality substrate, as cultivation success is also related to the quality of the casing layer and the production environment. The production of A. subrufescens was evaluated using different casing layers and methods for primordia induction. Three experiments were carried out: 1) to evaluate the effect of dolomitic limestone in the casing layer; 2) to evaluate the effect of different combinations of mineral and organic materials used as the casing layer; and 3) to evaluate the effect of temperature in primordia induction with two commercial strains. The results demonstrated that an increase in the limestone concentration in the casing resulted in a superior yield (16.7%). Casing layer combinations using organic substrate + sand (proportion 1:1, volume to volume) resulted in a greater yield (19.2%). Temperature did not affect primordia induction.

Magalie Moinard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • genetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer sequences suggest introgression and duplication in the medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens
    PLOS ONE, 2016
    Co-Authors: Magalie Moinard, Shouxian Wang, Ruilin Zhao, Marie Foulongneoriol, Jianping Xu, Philippe Callac
    Abstract:

    The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster is widely used in fungal taxonomy and phylogeographic studies. The medicinal and edible mushroom Agaricus subrufescens has a worldwide distribution with a high level of polymorphism in the ITS region. A previous analysis suggested notable ITS sequence heterogeneity within the wild French isolate CA487. The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern and potential mechanism of ITS sequence heterogeneity within this strain. Using PCR, cloning, and sequencing, we identified three types of ITS sequences, A, B, and C with a balanced distribution, which differed from each other at 13 polymorphic positions. The phylogenetic comparisons with samples from different continents revealed that the type C sequence was similar to those found in Oceanian and Asian specimens of A. subrufescens while types A and B sequences were close to those found in the Americas or in Europe. We further investigated the inheritance of these three ITS sequence types by analyzing their distribution among single-spore isolates from CA487. In this analysis, three co-dominant markers were used firstly to distinguish the homokaryotic offspring from the heterokaryotic offspring. The homokaryotic offspring were then analyzed for their ITS types. Our genetic analyses revealed that types A and B were two alleles segregating at one locus ITSI, while type C was not allelic with types A and B but was located at another unlinked locus ITSII. Furthermore, type C was present in only one of the two constitutive haploid nuclei (n) of the heterokaryotic (n+n) parent CA487. These data suggest that there was a relatively recent introduction of the type C sequence and a duplication of the ITS locus in this strain. Whether other genes were also transferred and duplicated and their impacts on genome structure and stability remain to be investigated.

  • Spore behaviors reveal a category of mating-competent infertile heterokaryons in the offspring of the medicinal fungus Agaricus subrufescens
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Manuela Rocha De Brito, Jean-michel Savoie, Marie Foulongne-oriol, Magalie Moinard, Eustáquio Souza Dias, Philippe Callac
    Abstract:

    Strain breeding is much less advanced in the edible and medicinal species Agaricus subrufescens than in Agaricus bisporus , the button mushroom. Both species have a unifactorial system of sexual incompatibility, a mating type locus tightly linked to a centromere, and basidia producing both homokaryotic ( n ) and heterokaryotic ( n + n ) spores. In A. bisporus , breeding is mainly based on direct selection among the heterokaryotic offspring and on hybridization between homokaryotic offspring. The parental heterozygosity is highly maintained in the heterokaryotic offspring due to suppression of recombination and preferential pairing in the spores of nuclei, each one per second meiotic divisions; such “non-sister nuclei” heterokaryons are fertile. In A. subrufescens , recent studies revealed that recombination is not suppressed and that nuclei from the same second meiotic division can also be paired in a spore that give rise to a “sister nuclei” heterokaryon in which the nuclei bear the same mating type allele. The objective of the present work was to investigate the potential function of the different categories of spores in A. subrufescens and their possible use in a genetic breeding program. Using eight co-dominant molecular markers, we found that half of the offspring of the A. subrufescens strain WC837 were heterokaryotic, one quarter of them being sister nuclei heterokaryons. These heterokaryons were infertile and behaved like homokaryons, being even able to cross between each other. In contrast, non-sister nuclei heterokaryons could fruit but inconsistently due to inbreeding depression. Potential roles of these two categories of heterokaryons in nature and consequences for strain breeding are discussed.

  • The genetic linkage map of the medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens reveals highly conserved macrosynteny with the congeneric species Agaricus bisporus
    G3, 2016
    Co-Authors: Marie Foulongne-oriol, Cathy Spataro, Magalie Moinard, Philippe Callac, Manuela Rocha De Brito, Eustáquio Souza Dias, Delphine Cabannes, Aurélien Clement, Jean-michel Savoie
    Abstract:

    Comparative linkage mapping can rapidly facilitate the transfer of genetic information from model species to orphan species. This macrosynteny analysis approach has been extensively used in plant species, but few example are available in fungi, and even fewer in mushroom crop species. Among the latter, the Agaricus genus comprises the most cultivable or potentially cultivable species. Agaricus bisporus, the button mushroom, is the model for edible and cultivable mushrooms. We have developed the first genetic linkage map for the basidiomycete A. subrufescens, an emerging mushroom crop known for its therapeutic properties and potential medicinal applications. The map includes 202 markers distributed over 16 linkage groups (LG), and covers a total length of 1701 cM, with an average marker spacing of 8.2 cM. Using 96 homologous loci, we also demonstrated the high level of macrosynteny with the genome of A. bisporus. The 13 main LG of A. subrufescens were syntenic to the 13 A. bisporus chromosomes. A disrupted synteny was observed for the three remaining A. subrufescens LG. Electronic mapping of a collection of A. subrufescens expressed sequence tags on A. bisporus genome showed that the homologous loci were evenly spread, with the exception of a few local hot or cold spots of homology. Our results were discussed in the light of Agaricus species evolution process. The map provides a framework for future genetic or genomic studies of the medicinal mushroom A. subrufescens.

  • Evidence for amphithallism and broad geographical hybridization potential among Agaricus subrufescens isolates from Brazil, France, and Thailand
    Fungal Biology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Naritsada Thongklang, Marie Foulongne-oriol, Magalie Moinard, Richard W Kerrigan, Kevin D. Hyde, Eric Hoang, Alma Edith Rodriguez Estrada, Phongeun Sysouphanthong, Philippe Callac
    Abstract:

    Agaricus subrufescens is a cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom. Its known geographical distribution encompasses the Americas, Europe, Oceania, and Asia. The objective of this study was to assess mating compatibility and interfertility of strains originating from Brazil, France, and Thailand. Progeny of each strain were analyed with codominant molecular markers. Multilocus genotype tests revealed that the three strains were amphithallic with percentages of heterokaryotic single spore progenies of 75 % for the Thai strain and around 40 % for the Brazilian and French strains. In mating tests A. subrufescens had a multiallelic unifactorial system of sexual incompatibility. The three parent strains were interfertile based on experimental pairings of single-spore isolates, the recovery of hybrid heterokaryons from compatible matings, and the ability of hybrids to produce mushrooms and fertile spores. This biological approach supports the inclusion of the European strains within the species and the extension of the geographical distribution range to Asia. Our data should help to develop breeding strategies and to better manage and exploit the diversity existing in A. subrufescens.

  • Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers issued from pyrosequencing technology for the medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens
    FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2012
    Co-Authors: Marie Foulongne-oriol, Cathy Spataro, Magalie Moinard, Philippe Callac, Delphine Cabannes, Jean-michel Savoie
    Abstract:

    The recently described procedure of microsatellite-enriched library pyrosequencing was used to isolate microsatellite loci in the gourmet and medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens. Three hundred and five candidate loci containing at least one simple sequence repeats (SSR) locus and for which primers design was successful, were obtained. From a subset of 95 loci, 35 operational and polymorphic SSR markers were developed and characterized on a sample of 14 A.similar to subrufescens genotypes from diverse origins. These SubSSR markers each displayed from two to 10 alleles with an average of 4.66 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.71. Several multiplex combinations can be set up, making it possible to genotype up to six markers easily and simultaneously. Cross-amplification in some closely congeneric species was successful for a subset of loci. The 35 microsatellite markers developed here provide a highly valuable molecular tool to study genetic diversity and reproductive biology of A.similar to subrufescens.