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Leah S Bauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • temporal dynamics of woodpecker predation on emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis in the northeastern u s a
    Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2016
    Co-Authors: David E Jennings, Jian J Duan, Leah S Bauer, Jonathan M Schmude, Miles T Wetherington, Paula M Shrewsbury
    Abstract:

    Woodpeckers (Picidae) are important natural enemies attacking emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire in North America. There can be considerable variation in predation levels within and between sites, and among different times of year; therefore, understanding what causes these differences is necessary for effectively predicting EAB population dynamics. We examined the temporal dynamics of woodpecker predation on EAB in Michigan and Maryland, as well as how they were affected by season, region, resource availability, tree size and crown condition. In Michigan, we quantified predation in association with EAB developmental stages on different trees over 2 years, whereas, in Maryland, we recorded woodpecker attacks on the same trees for 1 year. Season was a significant predictor of woodpecker predation, with most occurring in winter when late-instar larvae were abundant. Predation also was affected by crown condition and tree size. Additionally, predation levels were similar throughout the year in a region where generations are considered to be less synchronized, representing a more consistent resource for woodpeckers. The present study highlights the various factors affecting woodpecker predation over time. The results demonstrate the importance of multi-season studies of interactions between invasive species and native natural enemies when aiming to fully understand their dynamics.

  • progress in the classical biological control of Agrilus planipennis fairmaire coleoptera buprestidae in north america
    Canadian Entomologist, 2015
    Co-Authors: Leah S Bauer, Jian J Duan, Juli R Gould, Roy G Van Driesche
    Abstract:

    First detected in North America in 2002, the emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire; Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive phloem-feeding beetle from Asia, has killed tens of millions of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus; Oleaceae) trees. Although few parasitoids attack EAB in North America, three parasitoid species were found attacking EAB in China: the egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and two larval parasitoids Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In 2007, classical biological control of EAB began in the United States of America after release of these three species was approved. In 2013, release of the larval parasitoids was approved in Canada. Research continues at study sites in Michigan, United States of America where the establishment, prevalence, and spread of O. agrili and T. planipennisi have been monitored since 2008. However, establishment of S. agrili remains unconfirmed in northern areas, and its release is now restricted to regions below the 40th parallel. In 2015, approval for release of Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an EAB larval parasitoid from the Russian Far East, may be granted in the United States of America. Researchers are guardedly optimistic that a complex of introduced and native natural enemies will regulate EAB densities below a tolerance threshold for survival of ash species or genotypes in forested ecosystems.

  • emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis fairmaire coleoptera buprestidae
    In: Van Driesche R.; Reardon R. eds. The use of classical biological control to preserve forests in North America. FHTET-2013-02. Morgantown WV: U.S. , 2014
    Co-Authors: Leah S Bauer, Jian J Duan, Juli R Gould
    Abstract:

    Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (type locality: China) is considered the senior synonym to A. marcopoli Obenberger, 1930 (type locality: China), A. marcopoli ulmi Kurosawa, 1956 (type locality: Japan), and A. feretrius Obenberger, 1936 (type locality: Taiwan) by Jendek (1994) in a revision of Eastern Palearctic Agrilus species. Agrilus is the largest genus in the family Buprestidae with ~2,800 described species worldwide (Bellamy, 2008). Adults of this genus are flashy, metallic-colored beetles, frequently collected using nets or traps. However, there is little interest in their immature stages, which must be collected from inside tree trunks, branches, or woody stems. Consequently, critical information on the biology, population dynamics, and host ranges of most Agrilus species is lacking.

  • microsatellite population genetics of the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis fairmaire comparisons between asian and north american populations
    Biological Invasions, 2013
    Co-Authors: Carson C Keever, Leah S Bauer, Barry D Lyons, Christal Nieman, Larissa Ramsay, Carol Ritland, Jenny S Cory
    Abstract:

    The emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera; Buprestidae), is an invasive wood-boring beetle native to northeast Asia. This species was first detected in Michigan USA in 2002, and is a significant threat to native and ornamental ash tree species (Fraxinus spp.) throughout North America. We characterized seven polymorphic microsatellite markers for EAB and used these to investigate EAB population structure in the early invasive populations within North America and in comparison with Asia. We found 2–9 alleles per microsatellite locus, no evidence of linkage disequilibrium, and no association with known coding sequences, suggesting that these markers are suitable for population genetic analysis. Microsatellite population genetic structure was examined in 48 EAB populations sampled between 2003 and 2008 from five regions, three in the introduced range, Michigan (US) and Ontario and Quebec (Canada) and two Asian regions, China and South Korea, where EAB is native. We found significant genetic variation geographically but not temporally in EAB populations. Bayesian clustering analyses of individual microsatellite genotypes showed strong clustering among multiple North American populations and populations in both China and South Korea. Finally, allelic richness and expected heterozygosity were higher in the native range of EAB, but there was no difference in observed heterozygosity, suggesting a significant loss of alleles upon introduction but no significant change in the distribution of alleles within and among individuals.

  • susceptibility of two hymenopteran parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis coleoptera buprestidae to the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana ascomycota hypocreales
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kimberly M Dean, Leah S Bauer, John D Vandenberg, Michael H Griggs, Melissa K Fierke
    Abstract:

    Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, native to Asia, is killing ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) across 15 states and southeastern Canada. Integrated pest management using biological control is the only viable long-term approach for controlling the spread of EAB outside of host resistance. Three hymenopteran parasitoids, Spathius agrili Yang, Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang, and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang were discovered attacking EAB in China and were approved for release in the United States in 2007. The objective of this study was to assess susceptibility of the larval parasitoid species S. agrili and T. planipennisi, relative to that of EAB, to Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus that infects and kills EAB adults when sprayed on ash bark or foliage. Adult EAB and parasitoids were exposed to B. bassiana inoculated ash twigs for 2 h and then monitored daily for death and signs of infection for up to 10 days. All EAB adults exposed to B. bassiana were fatally infected while mean survival for control EAB was 77%. Average survival in the treatment groups for T. planipennisi and S. agrili were 99% and 83%, respectively, indicating these parasitoids are relatively unaffected by exposure to B. bassiana. This research elucidates interactions between a fungal pathogen and two parasitoids of EAB, and provides data necessary to developing a successful multi-stage integrated management approach to control of EAB.

Deborah G. Mccullough - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • white ash fraxinus americana survival in the core of the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis invasion
    Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Molly Robinett, Deborah G. Mccullough
    Abstract:

    Despite catastrophic ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality observed by the mid-2000s in the epicenter of the emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion in southeast Michigan, we notic...

  • lethal trap trees a potential option for emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis fairmaire management
    Pest Management Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Deborah G. Mccullough, Therese M. Poland, Phillip A Lewis
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Economic and ecological impacts of ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality resulting from emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion are severe in forested, residential and urban areas. Management options include girdling ash trees to attract ovipositing adult beetles and then destroying infested trees before larvae develop or protecting ash with a highly effective, systemic emamectin benzoate insecticide. Injecting this insecticide and then girdling injected trees a few weeks later could effectively create lethal trap trees, similar to a bait-and-kill tactic, if girdling does not interfere with insecticide translocation. We compared EAB larval densities on girdled trees, trees injected with the emamectin benzoate insecticide, trees injected with the insecticide and then girdled 18–21 days later and untreated controls at multiple sites. RESULTS Pretreatment larval densities did not differ among treatments. Current-year larval densities were higher on girdled and control trees than on any trees treated with insecticide at all sites. Foliar residue analysis and adult EAB bioassays showed that girdling trees after insecticide injections did not reduce insecticide translocation. CONCLUSIONS Girdling ash trees to attract adult EAB did not reduce efficacy of emamectin benzoate trunk injections applied ≥18 days earlier and could potentially be used in integrated management programs to slow EAB population growth. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

  • host resistance of five fraxinus species to Agrilus planipennis coleoptera buprestidae and effects of paclobutrazol and fertilization
    Environmental Entomology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sara R. Tanis, Deborah G. Mccullough
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) has killed millions of Fraxinus spp. trees in North America. While all Fraxinus species assessed to date can be colonized, A. planipennis attraction to host trees varies among species and with tree health.We established a plantation of 105 trees (21 trees each of four North American species Fraxinus americana L., Fraxinus nigra Marshall, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Fraxinus quadrangulata Michaux, and the Asian species, Fraxinus mandshurica Ruprecht), and determined whether resistance to A. planipennis could be enhanced by fertilizer or paclobutrazol applications. Differences among species overshadowed most treatment effects. In 2010, A. planipennis survival over 14 d was 53% when beetles were caged with F. nigra, 30–32% when beetles were caged with F. americana, F. pennsylvanica, or F. mandshurica, and only 14% for beetles caged with F. quadrangulata. In 2011, beetle survival was lower for beetles caged with F. quadrangulata (33%) than ...

  • host resistance of five fraxinus species to Agrilus planipennis coleoptera buprestidae and effects of paclobutrazol and fertilization
    Environmental Entomology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sara R. Tanis, Deborah G. Mccullough
    Abstract:

    Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) has killed millions of Fraxinus spp. trees in North America. While all Fraxinus species assessed to date can be colonized, A. planipennis attraction to host trees varies among species and with tree health. We established a plantation of 105 trees (21 trees each of four North American species Fraxinus americana L., Fraxinus nigra Marshall, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Fraxinus quadrangulata Michaux, and the Asian species, Fraxinus mandshurica Ruprecht), and determined whether resistance to A. planipennis could be enhanced by fertilizer or paclobutrazol applications. Differences among species overshadowed most treatment effects. In 2010, A. planipennis survival over 14 d was 53% when beetles were caged with F. nigra, 30-32% when beetles were caged with F. americana, F. pennsylvanica, or F. mandshurica, and only 14% for beetles caged with F. quadrangulata. In 2011, beetle survival was lower for beetles caged with F. quadrangulata (33%) than F. americana (72%) or F. mandshurica (80%). In 2010 and 2011, leaf weight consumed by beetles was the same among Fraxinus species. However, beetles caged on F. quadrangulata consumed less leaf area than that by beetles caged with other ash species. In 2011, when trees were exposed to wild A. planipennis, larval density (per m(2)) was highest on F. nigra (235.9 ± 36.41) and F. pennsylvanica (220.1 ± 39.77), intermediate on F. americana (40.7 ± 11.61), and lowest on F. quadrangulata and F. mandshurica (2.0 ± 0.98 and 1.5 ± 0.67, respectively). Results indicate F. quadrangulata and F. mandshurica were relatively resistant to A. planipennis, F. nigra and F. pennsylvanica were highly vulnerable, and F. americana was intermediate.

  • submersion as a tactic to prevent emergence of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis from black ash logs
    Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Nathan W Siegert, Theresa Secord, Deborah G. Mccullough
    Abstract:

    Black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marshall) trees are an important cultural resource and provide the wood used for traditional contemporary basketry by numerous Native American and First Nation tribes in the U.S.A. and Canada. The invasion and subsequent spread of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) threatens the ash resource in North America and the basketry tradition. Submersion of infested ash logs has been proposed as a potential tactic to control A. planipennis emergence, although the duration of submergence required to prevent adult beetle emergence is unknown. We assessed the survivorship of A. planipennis prepupae through adult beetle emergence in green ash (F. pennsylvanica Marshall) bolts submerged at weekly intervals for up to 6 weeks and in black ash bolts submerged at 4-week intervals for up to 24 weeks. The moisture content of sapwood at depths where prepupal chambers are commonly found was quantified in the black ash bolts after 0, 12 and 24 weeks of submergence. Mortality of A. planipennis from prepupa to adult was low (5.7 ± 2.3%) for the first 6 weeks of submersion but rapidly increased to 100% in green ash and black ash bolts submerged for 8 weeks or longer. In black ash, the outer 1.3 cm of wood became highly saturated after submersion for 12 weeks (81.0 ± 4.5%) and moisture increased only slightly after 24 weeks (83.9 ± 2.8%). The results obtained in the present study indicate that A. planipennis prepupae in green ash and black ash bolts can survive complete submersion for extended periods of time (i.e. at least 6 weeks) and successfully emerge as adults afterwards. Logs submerged for at least 8 weeks, however, produced no live A. planipennis beetles, indicating that submersion represents an efficacious control option.

Therese M. Poland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Behaviors of adult Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Cesar Rodriguez-saona, Therese M. Poland, James R. Miller, Gard W Otis, Tina M Kuhn, Tanya Turk, Daniel L Ward
    Abstract:

    AbstrAct A 2-year study was conducted in Canada (2003) and the United States (2005) to better understand searching and mating behaviors of adult Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire. In both field and laboratory, adults spent more time resting and walking than feeding or flying. The sex ratio in the field was biased towards males, which tended to hover around trees, likely looking for mates. There was more leaf feeding damage within a tree higher in the canopy than in the lower canopy early in the season, but this difference disappeared over time. In choice experiments, males attempted to mate with individuals of both sexes, but they landed more frequently on females than on males. A series of sexual behaviors was observed in the laboratory, including: exposure of the ovipositor/ genitalia, sporadic jumping by males, attempted mating, and mating. Sexual behaviors were absent among 1-3 day-old beetles, but were observed regularly in 10-12 day-old beetles. Females were seen exposing their ovipositor, suggestive of pheromone-calling behavior. No courtship was observed prior to mating. Hovering, searching, and landing behaviors suggest that beetles most likely rely on visual cues during mate finding, although host-plant volatiles and/or pheromones might also be involved

  • lethal trap trees a potential option for emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis fairmaire management
    Pest Management Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Deborah G. Mccullough, Therese M. Poland, Phillip A Lewis
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Economic and ecological impacts of ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality resulting from emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion are severe in forested, residential and urban areas. Management options include girdling ash trees to attract ovipositing adult beetles and then destroying infested trees before larvae develop or protecting ash with a highly effective, systemic emamectin benzoate insecticide. Injecting this insecticide and then girdling injected trees a few weeks later could effectively create lethal trap trees, similar to a bait-and-kill tactic, if girdling does not interfere with insecticide translocation. We compared EAB larval densities on girdled trees, trees injected with the emamectin benzoate insecticide, trees injected with the insecticide and then girdled 18–21 days later and untreated controls at multiple sites. RESULTS Pretreatment larval densities did not differ among treatments. Current-year larval densities were higher on girdled and control trees than on any trees treated with insecticide at all sites. Foliar residue analysis and adult EAB bioassays showed that girdling trees after insecticide injections did not reduce insecticide translocation. CONCLUSIONS Girdling ash trees to attract adult EAB did not reduce efficacy of emamectin benzoate trunk injections applied ≥18 days earlier and could potentially be used in integrated management programs to slow EAB population growth. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry

  • intraspecific variation in fraxinus pennsylvanica responses to emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis
    New Forests, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jennifer L Koch, Therese M. Poland, David W Carey, Mary E Mason, Kathleen S. Knight
    Abstract:

    The emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) is a bark and wood boring beetle native to east Asia that was first discovered in North America in 2002. Since then, entire stands of highly susceptible green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Mar- shall) have been killed within a few years of infestation. We have identified a small number of mature green ash trees which have been attacked by EAB, yet survived the peak EAB infestation that resulted in mortality of the rest of the ash cohort. Adult landing and feeding preference bioassays, leaf volatile quantification and EAB egg bioassay experiments were used to characterize potential differences in responses of these select ''lingering'' green ash trees relative to known EAB susceptible controls. Three selections were identified as being significantly less preferred for adult feeding, but no specific leaf volatile profile was associated with this reduced preference. Egg bioassays identified two ash selections that had significant differences in larval survival and development; one having a higher number of larvae killed by apparent host tree defenses and the other having lower larval weight. Correlation and validation of the bioassay results in replicated plantings to assess EAB resistance in the field is still necessary. However, the differences between lingering ash selections and susceptible controls measured by these bioassays indicate that more than one mechanism is responsible for the increased resistance to EAB that resulted in these selections surviving longer than their counterparts. Efforts to further increase ash resistance to EAB through use of these selections in a breeding program are underway.

  • core rnai machinery and gene knockdown in the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis
    Journal of Insect Physiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Chaoyang Zhao, Therese M. Poland, Miguel Alvarez A Gonzales, Omprakash Mittapalli
    Abstract:

    The RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been widely used in insect functional genomics research and provides an alternative approach for insect pest management. To understand whether the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), an invasive and destructive coleopteran insect pest of ash tree (Fraxinus spp.), possesses a strong RNAi machinery that is capable of degrading target mRNA as a response to exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induction, we identified three RNAi pathway core component genes, Dicer-2, Argonaute-2 and R2D2, from the A. planipennis genome sequence. Characterization of these core components revealed that they contain conserved domains essential for the proteins to function in the RNAi pathway. Phylogenetic analyses showed that they are closely related to homologs derived from other coleopteran species. We also delivered the dsRNA fragment of AplaScrB-2, a β-fructofuranosidase-encoding gene horizontally acquired by A. planipennis as we reported previously, into A. planipennis adults through microinjection. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis on the dsRNA-treated beetles demonstrated a significantly decreased gene expression level of AplaScrB-2 appearing on day 2 and lasting until at least day 6. This study is the first record of RNAi applied in A. planipennis.

  • identification of odor processing genes in the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Praveen Mamidala, Therese M. Poland, Asela J. Wijeratne, Saranga Wijeratne, Sohail S. Qazi, Daniel Doucet, Michel Cusson, Catherine Beliveau, Omprakash Mittapalli
    Abstract:

    Background Insects rely on olfaction to locate food, mates, and suitable oviposition sites for successful completion of their life cycle. Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (emerald ash borer) is a serious invasive insect pest that has killed tens of millions of North American ash (Fraxinus spp) trees and threatens the very existence of the genus Fraxinus. Adult A. planipennis are attracted to host volatiles and conspecifics; however, to date no molecular knowledge exists on olfaction in A. planipennis. Hence, we undertook an antennae-specific transcriptomic study to identify the repertoire of odor processing genes involved in A. planipennis olfaction. Methodology and Principal Findings We acquired 139,085 Roche/454 GS FLX transcriptomic reads that were assembled into 30,615 high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs), including 3,249 isotigs and 27,366 non-isotigs (contigs and singletons). Intriguingly, the majority of the A. planipennis antennal transcripts (59.72%) did not show similarity with sequences deposited in the non-redundant database of GenBank, potentially representing novel genes. Functional annotation and KEGG analysis revealed pathways associated with signaling and detoxification. Several odor processing genes (9 odorant binding proteins, 2 odorant receptors, 1 sensory neuron membrane protein and 134 odorant/xenobiotic degradation enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, glutathione-S-transferases; esterases, etc.) putatively involved in olfaction processes were identified. Quantitative PCR of candidate genes in male and female A. planipennis in different developmental stages revealed developmental- and sex-biased expression patterns. Conclusions and Significance The antennal ESTs derived from A. planipennis constitute a rich molecular resource for the identification of genes potentially involved in the olfaction process of A. planipennis. These findings should help in understanding the processing of antennally-active compounds (e.g. 7-epi-sesquithujene) previously identified in this serious invasive pest.

Ivich Fraser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evidence for a volatile pheromone in Agrilus planipennis fairmaire coleoptera buprestidae that increases attraction to a host foliar volatile
    Environmental Entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Peter J Silk, Allard A. Cossé, Ivich Fraser, Damon J. Crook, Krista Ryall, Peter Mayo, Matthew A Lemay, G G Grant, Jon D Sweeney, Barry D Lyons
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of volatiles from virgin female emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire confirmed the emission of (3Z)-lactone [(3Z)-dodecen-12-olide] but not its geometric isomer, (3E)-lactone [(3E)-dodecen-12-olide]. Gas chromatographic/electroantennographic (GC/EAD) analysis of synthetic (3Z)-lactone, which contained 10% (3E) -lactone, showed a strong response of male and female antennae to both isomers. EAG analysis with 0.01 - to100-µg dosages showed a positive dose response, with females giving significantly higher responses than males. In field experiments with sticky purple prism traps, neither lactone isomer affected catches when combined with ash foliar or cortical volatiles (green leaf volatiles or Phoebe oil, respectively). However, on green prism traps, the (3Z)-lactone significantly increased capture of male A. planipennis when traps were deployed in the canopy. Captures of males on traps with both (3E)-lactone and (3Z)-hexenol or wi...

  • a predictive model for detection of Agrilus planipennis col buprestidae larvae in girdled ash fraxinus spp
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jordan M Marshall, Ivich Fraser, Andrew J Storer, Victor C Mastro
    Abstract:

    Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer, Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a pest of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America and has caused mortality of ash throughout its introduced range. One technique used for detection of A. planipennis is the establishment and peeling of girdled trap trees. In an effort to reduce the search effort and target detection survey efforts within ash trap trees, a predictive model was created using data from 2007 and validated using data from 2008. In 2007 and 2008, ash trap trees were established, harvested, peeled and inspected for A. planipennis larvae. Gaussian curves were fit to describe the relationship between stem diameter and relative proportion and frequency of larvae. The observed and predicted 2008 relative proportion and frequency of larvae did not differ in paired t-tests. Within the relative proportion and frequency Gaussian models, the curves peaked at approximately 10 cm diameter signifying the greatest proportion and frequency of A. planipennis larvae occurred at 10 cm stem diameter. This peak was then bracketed by 2 cm on each side creating a target stem section with a top diameter of 8 cm and a bottom diameter of 12 cm. A simple linear regression was fit to describe the relationship between the larvae count within the targeted 8-12 cm section of tree and the larvae per cm 3 of phloem per tree for 2007. The observed and predicted 2008 larvae per cm 3 did not differ in a paired t-test. Targeting the 8-12 cm diameter section of the trap tree stem will reduce the amount of the tree peeled to less than 45% with more than 50% of A. planipennis larvae within the tree encountered in this targeted section. This reduction in the amount of tree peeled will greatly increase the number of trees and area surveyed for A. planipennis detection and population delimiting surveys.

  • suitability and accessibility of immature Agrilus planipennis coleoptera buprestidae stages to tetrastichus planipennisi hymenoptera eulophidae
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Michael D Ulyshen, Leah S Bauer, Jian J Duan, Ivich Fraser
    Abstract:

    Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious larval endoparasitoid, is one of three biocontrol agents from Asia currently being released in the United States to combat the invasive emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). The current protocol for rearing T. planipennisi involves presenting the wasps with artificially infested ash sticks made by placing field-collected larvae into shallow grooves beneath flaps of bark. Although third and fourth instars are readily accepted by T. planipennisi in these exposures, the suitability of younger or older developmental stages, which are often more readily available in the field, has not been tested. In this study, we used both artificially infested ash sticks and naturally infested ash logs to test which emerald ash borer developmental stages (second to fourth instars, J larvae [preprepupae], prepupae, and pupae) are most suitable for rearing T. planipennisi. T. planipennisi parasitized all stages except for pupae, but parasitized fewer J larvae and prepupae in naturally infested logs than in artificially infested ash sticks. This is probably because, in naturally infested ash logs, these stages were confined to pupal chambers excavated in the sapwood and may have been largely beyond the reach of ovipositing T. planipennisi. The number of T. planipennisi progeny produced was positively correlated (logarithmic) with host weight, but this relationship was stronger when J larvae and prepupae were excluded from the data set. Fourth instars yielded the most parasitoid progeny, followed by, in approximately equal numbers, J larvae, prepupae, and third instars. Second instars yielded too few parasitoid progeny to benefit rearing efforts.

  • efficacy of trap and lure types for detection of Agrilus planipennis col buprestidae at low density
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jordan M Marshall, Ivich Fraser, Andrew J Storer, Victor C Mastro
    Abstract:

    Development of effective trapping tools for forest pests and evaluating the key components of these tools is necessary to locate early-stage infestations and develop management responses to them. Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (emerald ash borer) is an introduced pest of ash (Fraxinus spp. L.) in North America. The effectiveness of different trap and lure combinations were tested in areas with low and high density populations of A. planipennis. At low density sites, purple prism traps outperformed green traps and girdled ash trap trees in capture rates (adults per day) and rates of detection of A. planipennis. Also, manuka oil lures, used as a standard lure in a national survey programme, captured higher rates of A. planipennis than did previous standards of girdled ash trap trees. There was no logistic relationship between the detection of A. planipennis on a trap and the diameter of the ash tree from which the trap was suspended, possibly because of the use of artificial lures with these traps. There was also no difference in the mean number of A. lanipennis captured per day between ash species and between vigour rating of ash associated with the traps. However, traps placed in open grown and dominant trees captured more beetles than traps placed in lower canopy class trees. At sites defined as low and high density, there was no difference in the larval density per cm 3 of phloem. This suggests that exposure time to A. planipennis has been shorter at those low density sites. By exploiting the trap and tree characteristics that improve A. planipennis capture rates and detection efficacy, there can be future improvement in management of this pest. If detection can occur before infested ash trees exhibit signs and symptoms, there may be a potential for reducing the mortality of ash within stands.

  • dispersal of Agrilus planipennis coleoptera buprestidae from discrete epicenters in two outlier sites
    Environmental Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Nathan W Siegert, Deborah G. Mccullough, Therese M. Poland, Ivich Fraser, David W Williams, Steven J Pierce
    Abstract:

    Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a phloem-feeding beetle native to Asia, has become one of the most destructive forest pests in North America. Since it was first identified in 2002 in southeast Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, dozens of isolated A. planipennis populations have been discovered throughout Michigan and Ontario, and in 12 other states and the province of Quebec. We assessed realized A. planipennis dispersal at two discrete outlier sites that originated 1 yr and 3 yr earlier from infested nursery trees. We systematically sampled ash trees within an 800 m radius of the origin of each infestation to locate galleries constructed by the progeny of dispersing A. planipennis adults. Our sampling identified eight trees at the 1 yr site infested with a mean ± SE of 11.6 ± 8.4 A. planipennis larvae and 12 trees at the 3 yr site with 25.8 ± 11.1 larvae per meter squared. Dendroentomological analysis indicated that A. planipennis populations were predominantly undergoing a 2 yr (semivoltine) life cycle at both sites. Colonized trees were found out to 638 and 540 m from the epicenters at the 1 yr and 3 yr sites, respectively. Logistic regression was used to determine whether the likelihood of A. planipennis colonization was affected by wind direction, ash phloem abundance, distance from the epicenter, or land-use type (i.e., wooded, residential, agricultural, or urban). Results show that the probability of A. planipennis colonization was significantly affected by ash phloem abundance and decreased with distance from the epicenter.

Thomas C Baker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • host condition effects upon Agrilus planipennis coleoptera buprestidae captures on decoy baited branch traps
    European Journal of Entomology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michael J. Domingue, Jennifer Berkebile, Kim C Steiner, Loyal P Hall, Kevin R Cloonan, David R Lance, Thomas C Baker
    Abstract:

    We deployed branch traps in an ash (Fraxinus) plantation to investigate how Agrilus planipennis behavior is associated with Fraxinus pennsylvanica condition and dispersal patterns. Data were collected from traps with or without the presence of beetle visual decoys, and from a yearly survey of exit holes. The traps were placed on trees that were either clearly declining, with most foliage arising from epicormic sprouting, or on apparently healthy trees, with little evidence of damage or decline. We calculated correlations of exit holes among neighboring tree rings and also between exit holes and male trap captures. The damaged trees the traps were hung upon had more cumulative exit holes observed than the corresponding healthy trees. However, there was otherwise no evidence that the experiment was biased by differences in exit hole patterns of the surrounding trees. Male captures were greater on decoy-baited traps than controls and this decoy effect was most clearly apparent late in the season when traps were placed on healthy trees. There were also patterns of correlations between male captures and exit hole numbers that may be indicative of short-range mate finding-and dispersal behaviors. Female captures were sparser, but were positively affected by decoys on healthy and declining trees early in the season. Thus, the results suggest that the placement of such traps on healthier trees will maximize detection, and the branch traps also show promise for further use in dispersal studies.

  • interaction of visual and chemical cues in promoting attraction of Agrilus planipennis
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Michael J. Domingue, Peter J Silk, Krista Ryall, Stefanos S Andreadis, Thomas C Baker
    Abstract:

    Female emerald ash borers, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), emit a macrocyclic lactone, (Z)-3-dodecen-12-olide, that increases field trap captures on large-panel prism traps when co-emitted with the green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenol. We assessed attraction to these compounds by using visual decoy-baited branch traps, which attract males by mimicking a living female resting upon a leaf. Pairs of branch traps, with and without visual decoy beetles, were placed on green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, trees, which were assigned different odor treatments: 1) no odor, 2) (Z)-3-hexenol alone, and 3) (Z)-3-hexenol-plus-lactone. Male captures were positively affected by the presence of decoys and the emission of either (Z)-3-hexenol or (Z)-3-hexenol plus lactone. The decoy-baited traps with the combination of (Z)-3-hexenol plus lactone caught more males than any other treatment. Greater male captures were associated with continuing captures later in the season, suggesting that decoy and odor attractants remain attractive throughout the flight period. Female captures were not affected by the visual decoys, but odors did influence captures, with the (Z)-3-hexenol plus lactone treatment catching the greatest number of females. The rare female trap captures were negatively correlated with the more common male captures on the odorless and (Z)-3-hexenol-baited traps, but were not correlated with male captures when the lactone was added. Thus, in the absence of the lactone, the visual signal of other conspecifics can inhibit female attraction. However, the pheromone attracts both sexes independently of the visual signal on the trap.

  • detecting emerald ash borers Agrilus planipennis using branch traps baited with 3d printed beetle decoys
    Journal of Pest Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Michael J. Domingue, Jonathan P Lelito, Drew P. Pulsifer, Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Jennifer Berkebile, Kim C Steiner, Loyal P Hall, Thomas C Baker
    Abstract:

    Small visual-decoy-baited traps for the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), have been researched as an alternative to current technologies, but have relied on real beetles rather than synthetic materials. We hypothesized that visual decoys created by three-dimensional (3D) printing can provide such a substitute. Branch traps displaying decoys consisting of real EAB females or 3D-printed decoys were compared to controls without decoys. Traps of the three varieties were placed on neighboring branches along with one (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol lure per tree and checked daily. Both real and 3D-printed decoys similarly increased EAB trap captures compared to controls. The numbers of both sexes were higher on the decoy-baited traps, but the increase in male captures was more pronounced. Males were also ensnared closer to the decoys than females. Daily trap–capture patterns showed sparse activity of EAB adults before June 18, 2013 followed by a peak in captures of both males and females until June 28, 2013. Beginning at approximately July 1, 2013, there was a second peak of EAB captures, which consisted almost entirely of males caught on the decoy-baited traps. The native ash borer Agrilus subcinctus was found earlier in the season and was also significantly attracted to both the real EABs and the 3D-printed decoys compared with control traps. Four purple prism traps were also deployed concurrently and captures tallied on three different days within the season. The results demonstrate efficacy of a small, inexpensive, and fully synthetic decoy-based branch trap system for EAB.

  • Fabrication of Polymeric Visual Decoys for the Male Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)
    Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2013
    Co-Authors: Drew P. Pulsifer, Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Mahesh S. Narkhede, Michael J. Domingue, Beverly G. Post, Jayant Kumar, Raúl J. Martín-palma, Thomas C Baker
    Abstract:

    Through a bioreplication approach, we have fabricated artificial visual decoys for the invasive species Agrilus planipennis —commonly known as the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB). The mating behavior of this species involves an overflying EAB male pouncing on an EAB female at rest on an ash leaflet before copulating. The male spots the female on the leaflet by visually detecting the iridescent green color of the female’s elytra. As rearing EAB and then deploying dead females as decoys for trapping is both arduous and inconvenient, we decided to fabricate artificial decoys. We used a dead female to make a negative die of nickel and a positive die of epoxy. Decoys were then made by first depositing a quarter-wave-stack Bragg reflector on a polymer sheet and then stamping it with a pair of matched negative and positive dies to take the shape of the upper surface of an EAB female. As nearly 100 artificial decoys were fabricated from just one EAB female, this bioreplication process is industrially scalable. Preliminary results from a field trapping test are indicative of success.

  • behavioral evidence for a contact sex pheromone component of the emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis fairmaire
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jonathan P Lelito, Ivich Fraser, Victor C Mastro, James H. Tumlinson, Katalin Böröczky, Tappey H Jones, Thomas C Baker
    Abstract:

    The cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of emerald ash borers, Agrilus planipennis, were examined to determine if there are differences in these compounds between the sexes. We also assessed feral male EAB in the field for behavioral changes based on the application of a female-specific compound to dead, solvent-washed beetles. Males in the field spent significantly more time attempting copulation with dead, pinned female beetles coated with a three-beetle-equivalent dose of 3-methyltricosane than with solvent-washed beetles or those coated in 3-methyltricosane at lower concentrations. Males in the field spent the most time investigating pinned dead, unwashed female beetles. In the laboratory, sexually mature males were presented with one of several mixtures applied in hexane to filter paper disks or to the elytra of dead female beetles first washed in solvent. Male EAB also spent more time investigating dead beetles treated with solution applications that contained 3-methyltricosane than dead beetles and filter paper disks treated with male body wash or a straight-chain hydrocarbon not found on the cuticle of EAB.