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De Saeger Sarah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicokinetics of Alpha-Zearalenol and its masked form in rats and the comparative biotransformation in liver microsomes from different livestock and humans
'Elsevier BV', 2020Co-Authors: Yang Shupeng, Li Yanshen, De Boevre Marthe, De Saeger Sarah, Zhou Jinhui, Zhang Huiyan, Sun FeifeiAbstract:Alpha-Zearalenol (Alpha-ZEL) and its masked form Alpha-Zearalenol-14 glucoside (Alpha-ZEL-14G) have much higher oestrogenic activity than zearalenone. Owing to very limited toxicokinetic and metabolic data, no reference points could be established for risk assessment. To circumvent it, the toxicokinetic, metabolic profiles, and phenotyping of Alpha-ZEL and Alpha-ZEL-14G were comprehensively investigated in this study. As a result, the plasma concentrations of Alpha-ZEL and Alpha-ZEL-14G were all below LOQ after oral administration, while after iv injection, both could be significantly bio-transformed into various metabolites. A complete hydrolysis of Alpha-ZEL-14G contributed to Alpha-ZEL overall toxicity. Additionally, 31 phase I and 10 phase II metabolites of Alpha-ZEL, and 9 phase I and 5 phase II metabolites were identified for Alpha-ZEL-14G. For Alpha-ZEL, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways, while for Alpha-ZEL-14G, it was deglycosylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation. Significant metabolic differences were observed for Alpha-ZEL and Alpha-ZEL-14G in the liver microsomes of rats, chickens, swine, goats, cows and humans. Phenotyping studies indicated that Alpha-ZEL and Alpha-ZEL-14G were mediated by CYP 3A4, 2C8, and 1A2. Moreover, the deglycosylation of Alpha-ZEL-14G was critically mediated by CES-I and CES-II. The acquired data would provide fundamental perspectives for risk evaluation of mycotoxins and their modified forms
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Effect of ensiling duration on the fate of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and their derivatives in maize silage
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Jensen Tolke, De Boevre Marthe, De Saeger Sarah, Preusske Nils, Soennichsen, Frank D, Kramer Ewald, Klink Holger, Verreet Joseph-alexander, Birr TimAbstract:Fusarium mycotoxins and their derivatives are frequently detected in freshly harvested forage maize. This study assessed the time course effects during ensiling of forage maize on the fate of Fusarium mycotoxins, using laboratory-scale silos and artificially contaminated raw material. A multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was used to determine the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and their derivatives DON-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON, deepoxy-DON, Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol. A significant increase of DON was observed during ensiling, whereas the levels of DON-3-glucoside and its acetylated forms proportionally decreased. In contrast, levels of ZEN, Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol were not affected by the ensiling process. Based on these findings, ensiling is not a practical method for reducing the total amount of Fusarium mycotoxins present at harvest
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Fate of Fusarium mycotoxins during processing of Nigerian traditional infant foods (ogi and soybean powder)
'Elsevier BV', 2019Co-Authors: Chilaka Cynthia, De Boevre Marthe, Atanda, Olusegun Oladimeji, De Saeger SarahAbstract:The influence of processing methods used to produce traditional Nigerian infant foods (ogi and processed soybean powder) on four European Union regulated Fusarium mycotoxins using naturally and artificially contaminated raw materials was studied using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generally, there was a significant reduction of all the mycotoxins when compared to the initial concentration of the raw materials. Reduction in concentrations of the mycotoxins during ogi-processing started immediately after 36 h' steeping/fermentation for all the mycotoxins (fumonisin B-1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin), and proceeded along the process chain (milling and sieving). In addition, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (16 +/- 3.2 mu g/kg) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (9 +/- 5.5 mu g/kg) initially absent in the raw maize were detected in the final ogi product. beta-Zearalenol, hydrolysed fumonisin B-1, and HT-2 toxin were also detected at varying concentrations. Regarding soybean processing, a similar trend was observed with fumonisin B-1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin, irrespective of the method used or the initial concentration. Other mycotoxins detected in soybean product include 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, Alpha-Zearalenol, beta-Zearalenol, and zearalenone-14-glucoside. Although there was a reduction in the concentration of the free mycotoxin because of processing, other mycotoxins were detected in the products and thus, may present an additional health risk on consumers
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Stability of fumonisin B-1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin during processing of traditional Nigerian beer and spices
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2018Co-Authors: Chilaka Cynthia, De Boevre Marthe, Atanda, Olusegun Oladimeji, De Saeger SarahAbstract:The stability of the Fusarium mycotoxins fumonisin B-1, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone during processing of Nigerian traditional spices (dawadawa, okpehe, and ogiri) and beer (burukutu) using artificially contaminated raw materials was investigated. Results revealed the reduction of these toxins in all the final products. Boiling played a significant role (p < 0.05) in Fusarium mycotoxin reduction in the traditional spices. The highest percentage reduction of deoxynivalenol (76%) and zearalenone (74%) was observed during okpehe processing (boiled for 12h). Dehulling and fermentation further demonstrated a positive influence on the reduction of these toxins with a total reduction ranging from 85 to 98% for dawadawa, 86 to 100% for okpehe, and 57 to 81% for ogiri. This trend was also observed during the production of traditional beer (burukutu), with malting and brewing playing a major impact in observed reduction. In addition, other metabolites including deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, Alpha-Zearalenol, and beta-Zearalenol which were initially not present in the raw sorghum were detected in the final beer product at the following concentrations 26 +/- 11, 16 +/- 7.7, 22 +/- 18, and 31 +/- 16 mu g/kg, respectively. HT-2 toxin was also detected at a concentration of 36 +/- 13 mu g/kg along the processing chain (milled malted fraction) of the traditional beer. For the traditional spices, HT-2 toxin was detected (12 mu g/kg) in ogiri. Although there was a reduction of mycotoxins during processing, appreciable concentrations of these toxins were still detected in the final products. Thus, the use of good quality raw materials significantly reduces mycotoxin contamination in final products
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Occurrence and within field variability of Fusarium mycotoxins and their masked forms in maize crops in Belgium
'Wageningen Academic Publishers', 2014Co-Authors: De Boevre Marthe, Landschoot Sofie, Audenaert Kris, Maene Peter, Diana Di Mavungu, José, Eeckhout Mia, Haesaert Geert, De Saeger SarahAbstract:Maize ear rot caused by several Fusarium species is an important fungal disease. Apart from yield losses, ear rot fungi can produce mycotoxins and masked forms in infected grains. Masked mycotoxins have received increased attention in view of their bioavailability and potential toxicity in animals and humans, but their presence and relevance in the field still remain undisclosed. To get a better insight, the present study assessed the presence of various Fusarium parent and masked mycotoxins, i.e. deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, zearalenone, Alpha-Zearalenol, beta-Zearalenol, zearalenone-14-glucoside, zearalenone-14-sulfate, Alpha-Zearalenol-14-glucoside, beta-Zearalenol-14-glucoside, T-2 and HT-2 toxin, in various commercial maize varieties grown under natural infection conditions in Flanders, Belgium. The results showed that the maize varieties were co-contaminated with both parent and masked mycotoxins. Moreover, a positive correlation between these forms was established. A higher contamination with a particular mycotoxin appeared to be coupled with an elevated load of another (masked) mycotoxin. The results highlight the importance to screen for multiple mycotoxins, both parent and masked, to guarantee food and feed safety. Furthermore, analysis was carried out to elucidate the distribution of the various mycotoxins in the field. The maize variety did not significantly influence mycotoxin accumulation, except for deoxynivalenol. Subdivisions in the field with higher mycotoxin levels for deoxynivalenol and its derivatives, zearalenone and its derivatives, and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin were observed
Fiorenza Minervini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, Alpha- and beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbrander, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17beta-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects. Methods Stallion spermatozoa were exposed in vitro to zearalenone, Alpha-Zearalenol, beta-Zearalenol or 17beta-estradiol at concentrations ranging from 1 pM - 0.1 mM. After 2 hours exposure, motility parameters were evaluated by computer-assisted analysis, and acrosome integrity was examined by flow cytometry after staining with fluoroscein-conjugated peanut agglutinin. Results Mycotoxins affected sperm parameters only at the highest concentration tested (0.1 mM) after 2 hours exposure. In this respect, all of the compounds reduced the average path velocity, but only Alpha-Zearalenol reduced percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm. Induction of motility patterns consistent with hyperactivation was stimulated according to the following rank of potency: Alpha-Zearalenol >17beta-estradiol > zearalenone = beta-Zearalenol. The hyperactivity-associated changes observed included reductions in straight-line velocity and linearity of movement, and an increase in the amplitude of lateral head displacement, while curvilinear velocity was unchanged. In addition, whereas Alpha- and beta- Zearalenol increased the percentages of live acrosome-reacted sperm, zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol had no apparent effect on acrosome status. In short, Alpha-Zearalenol inhibited normal sperm motility, but stimulated hyperactive motility in the remaining motile cells and simultaneously induced the acrosome reaction. Beta-Zearalenol induced the acrosome reaction without altering motility. Conversely, zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol did not induce the acrosome reaction but induced hyperactive motility albeit to a different extent. Conclusions Apparently, the mycotoxin zearalenone has 17beta-estradiol-like estrogenic activity that enables it to induce hyperactivated motility of equine sperm cells, whereas the Zearalenol derivatives induce premature completion of the acrosome reaction and thereby adversely affect stallion sperm physiology. The Alpha form of Zearalenol still possessed the estrogenic ability to induce hyperactivated motility, whereas its beta stereo-isomere had lost this property.
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Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, Alpha- and beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbrander, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17beta-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects.
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Toxic effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and 17β-estradiol levels in mural granulosa cell cultures
Toxicology in Vitro, 2001Co-Authors: Fiorenza Minervini, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, F Maritato, P Minoia, A ViscontiAbstract:Moulds parasites of livestock foodstuffs alter the quality of grains by synthesizing mycotoxins. Zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives (Alpha- and beta-Zearalenol, zeranol, taleranol and zearalanone) are produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium and, after ingestion via contaminated cereals, may lead to fertility disturbances and other reproductive pathologies. Zearalenone, Alpha-Zearalenol and zearalanone were tested, at levels ranging from 0.3 to 30 microg/ml, in order to evaluate the effect on the in vitro maturation (IVM) rate of bovine oocytes and on the formation of 17 beta-estradiol in supernatants of mural granulosa cells (GC) cultures. These compounds induced dose-dependent oocyte maturation delay and chromatin abnormalities. Maturation of oocytes to metaphase II (M II) was inhibited in oocytes cultured in the presence of 30 microg/ml ZEA, Alpha-Zearalenol or zearalanone, with a significant increase in chromatin abnormalities occurring in the presence of ZEA (P
De Boevre Marthe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicokinetics of Alpha-Zearalenol and its masked form in rats and the comparative biotransformation in liver microsomes from different livestock and humans
'Elsevier BV', 2020Co-Authors: Yang Shupeng, Li Yanshen, De Boevre Marthe, De Saeger Sarah, Zhou Jinhui, Zhang Huiyan, Sun FeifeiAbstract:Alpha-Zearalenol (Alpha-ZEL) and its masked form Alpha-Zearalenol-14 glucoside (Alpha-ZEL-14G) have much higher oestrogenic activity than zearalenone. Owing to very limited toxicokinetic and metabolic data, no reference points could be established for risk assessment. To circumvent it, the toxicokinetic, metabolic profiles, and phenotyping of Alpha-ZEL and Alpha-ZEL-14G were comprehensively investigated in this study. As a result, the plasma concentrations of Alpha-ZEL and Alpha-ZEL-14G were all below LOQ after oral administration, while after iv injection, both could be significantly bio-transformed into various metabolites. A complete hydrolysis of Alpha-ZEL-14G contributed to Alpha-ZEL overall toxicity. Additionally, 31 phase I and 10 phase II metabolites of Alpha-ZEL, and 9 phase I and 5 phase II metabolites were identified for Alpha-ZEL-14G. For Alpha-ZEL, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways, while for Alpha-ZEL-14G, it was deglycosylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation. Significant metabolic differences were observed for Alpha-ZEL and Alpha-ZEL-14G in the liver microsomes of rats, chickens, swine, goats, cows and humans. Phenotyping studies indicated that Alpha-ZEL and Alpha-ZEL-14G were mediated by CYP 3A4, 2C8, and 1A2. Moreover, the deglycosylation of Alpha-ZEL-14G was critically mediated by CES-I and CES-II. The acquired data would provide fundamental perspectives for risk evaluation of mycotoxins and their modified forms
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Effect of ensiling duration on the fate of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and their derivatives in maize silage
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Jensen Tolke, De Boevre Marthe, De Saeger Sarah, Preusske Nils, Soennichsen, Frank D, Kramer Ewald, Klink Holger, Verreet Joseph-alexander, Birr TimAbstract:Fusarium mycotoxins and their derivatives are frequently detected in freshly harvested forage maize. This study assessed the time course effects during ensiling of forage maize on the fate of Fusarium mycotoxins, using laboratory-scale silos and artificially contaminated raw material. A multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was used to determine the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and their derivatives DON-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON, deepoxy-DON, Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol. A significant increase of DON was observed during ensiling, whereas the levels of DON-3-glucoside and its acetylated forms proportionally decreased. In contrast, levels of ZEN, Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol were not affected by the ensiling process. Based on these findings, ensiling is not a practical method for reducing the total amount of Fusarium mycotoxins present at harvest
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Insights into in vivo absolute oral bioavailability, biotransformation, and toxicokinetics of zearalenone, α-Zearalenol, β-Zearalenol, zearalenone-14-glucoside, and zearalenone-14-sulfate in pigs
'American Chemical Society (ACS)', 2019Co-Authors: Catteuw Amelie, Broekaert Nathan, De Baere Siegrid, Lauwers Marianne, Gasthuys Elke, Huybrechts Bart, Callebaut Alfons, Ivanova Lada, Uhlig Silvio, De Boevre MartheAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the toxicokinetic characteristics of ZEN and its modified forms, Alpha-Zearalenol (Alpha-ZEL), beta-Zearalenol (beta-ZEL), zearalenone-14-glucoside (ZEN14G), and zearalenone-14-sulfate (ZEN14S), including presystemic and systemic hydrolysis in pigs. Crossover pig trials were performed by means of intravenous and oral administration of ZEN and its modified forms. Systemic plasma concentrations of the administered toxins and their metabolites were quantified and further processed via tailor-made compartmental toxicokinetic models. Furthermore, portal plasma was analyzed to unravel the site of hydrolysis, and urine samples were analyzed to determine urinary excretion. Results demonstrate complete presystemic hydrolysis of ZEN14G and ZEN14S to ZEN and high oral bioavailability for all administered compounds, with further extensive first-pass glucuronidation. Conclusively, the modified-ZEN forms Alpha-ZEL, beta-ZEL, ZEN14G, and ZEN14S contribute to overall ZEN systemic toxicity in pigs and should be taken into account for risk assessment
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Fate of Fusarium mycotoxins during processing of Nigerian traditional infant foods (ogi and soybean powder)
'Elsevier BV', 2019Co-Authors: Chilaka Cynthia, De Boevre Marthe, Atanda, Olusegun Oladimeji, De Saeger SarahAbstract:The influence of processing methods used to produce traditional Nigerian infant foods (ogi and processed soybean powder) on four European Union regulated Fusarium mycotoxins using naturally and artificially contaminated raw materials was studied using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generally, there was a significant reduction of all the mycotoxins when compared to the initial concentration of the raw materials. Reduction in concentrations of the mycotoxins during ogi-processing started immediately after 36 h' steeping/fermentation for all the mycotoxins (fumonisin B-1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin), and proceeded along the process chain (milling and sieving). In addition, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (16 +/- 3.2 mu g/kg) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (9 +/- 5.5 mu g/kg) initially absent in the raw maize were detected in the final ogi product. beta-Zearalenol, hydrolysed fumonisin B-1, and HT-2 toxin were also detected at varying concentrations. Regarding soybean processing, a similar trend was observed with fumonisin B-1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin, irrespective of the method used or the initial concentration. Other mycotoxins detected in soybean product include 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, Alpha-Zearalenol, beta-Zearalenol, and zearalenone-14-glucoside. Although there was a reduction in the concentration of the free mycotoxin because of processing, other mycotoxins were detected in the products and thus, may present an additional health risk on consumers
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Stability of fumonisin B-1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin during processing of traditional Nigerian beer and spices
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2018Co-Authors: Chilaka Cynthia, De Boevre Marthe, Atanda, Olusegun Oladimeji, De Saeger SarahAbstract:The stability of the Fusarium mycotoxins fumonisin B-1, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone during processing of Nigerian traditional spices (dawadawa, okpehe, and ogiri) and beer (burukutu) using artificially contaminated raw materials was investigated. Results revealed the reduction of these toxins in all the final products. Boiling played a significant role (p < 0.05) in Fusarium mycotoxin reduction in the traditional spices. The highest percentage reduction of deoxynivalenol (76%) and zearalenone (74%) was observed during okpehe processing (boiled for 12h). Dehulling and fermentation further demonstrated a positive influence on the reduction of these toxins with a total reduction ranging from 85 to 98% for dawadawa, 86 to 100% for okpehe, and 57 to 81% for ogiri. This trend was also observed during the production of traditional beer (burukutu), with malting and brewing playing a major impact in observed reduction. In addition, other metabolites including deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, Alpha-Zearalenol, and beta-Zearalenol which were initially not present in the raw sorghum were detected in the final beer product at the following concentrations 26 +/- 11, 16 +/- 7.7, 22 +/- 18, and 31 +/- 16 mu g/kg, respectively. HT-2 toxin was also detected at a concentration of 36 +/- 13 mu g/kg along the processing chain (milled malted fraction) of the traditional beer. For the traditional spices, HT-2 toxin was detected (12 mu g/kg) in ogiri. Although there was a reduction of mycotoxins during processing, appreciable concentrations of these toxins were still detected in the final products. Thus, the use of good quality raw materials significantly reduces mycotoxin contamination in final products
Angela Filannino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, Alpha- and beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbrander, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17beta-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects. Methods Stallion spermatozoa were exposed in vitro to zearalenone, Alpha-Zearalenol, beta-Zearalenol or 17beta-estradiol at concentrations ranging from 1 pM - 0.1 mM. After 2 hours exposure, motility parameters were evaluated by computer-assisted analysis, and acrosome integrity was examined by flow cytometry after staining with fluoroscein-conjugated peanut agglutinin. Results Mycotoxins affected sperm parameters only at the highest concentration tested (0.1 mM) after 2 hours exposure. In this respect, all of the compounds reduced the average path velocity, but only Alpha-Zearalenol reduced percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm. Induction of motility patterns consistent with hyperactivation was stimulated according to the following rank of potency: Alpha-Zearalenol >17beta-estradiol > zearalenone = beta-Zearalenol. The hyperactivity-associated changes observed included reductions in straight-line velocity and linearity of movement, and an increase in the amplitude of lateral head displacement, while curvilinear velocity was unchanged. In addition, whereas Alpha- and beta- Zearalenol increased the percentages of live acrosome-reacted sperm, zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol had no apparent effect on acrosome status. In short, Alpha-Zearalenol inhibited normal sperm motility, but stimulated hyperactive motility in the remaining motile cells and simultaneously induced the acrosome reaction. Beta-Zearalenol induced the acrosome reaction without altering motility. Conversely, zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol did not induce the acrosome reaction but induced hyperactive motility albeit to a different extent. Conclusions Apparently, the mycotoxin zearalenone has 17beta-estradiol-like estrogenic activity that enables it to induce hyperactivated motility of equine sperm cells, whereas the Zearalenol derivatives induce premature completion of the acrosome reaction and thereby adversely affect stallion sperm physiology. The Alpha form of Zearalenol still possessed the estrogenic ability to induce hyperactivated motility, whereas its beta stereo-isomere had lost this property.
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Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, Alpha- and beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbrander, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17beta-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects.
D.g. Kennedy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of resorcylic acid lactones in biological samples by GC-MS. Discrimination between illegal use and contamination with fusarium toxins.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Marco Blokland, D.g. Kennedy, Saskia S. Sterk, R.w. Stephany, F. M. Launay, L.a. Van GinkelAbstract:An EU project, FAIR5-CT-1997-3443, has been undertaken to distinguish illegal use of zeranol from consumption of food contaminated with Fusarium spp. toxin. One of the tasks was development of screening and confirmatory methods of analysis. This paper describes a new method based on two-step clean-up and GC-MS analysis. The first clean-up step is matrix-dependant; the second is applicable to both urine and meat. The MS is operated in negative chemical ionisation mode. The method is quantitative for zeranol and taleranol, Alpha- and beta-Zearalenol, and zearalenone and qualitative for zearalanone. Validation was performed according to the latest EU performance criteria (Commission Decision 2002/657). For analysis of urine CC(Alpha) and CC(beta) for the method (microg L(-1)) were 0.06-0.11 for zeranol, 0.07-0.12 for taleranol, 0.07-0.11 for Alpha-Zearalenol, 0.21-0.36 for beta-Zearalenol, 0.35-0.60 for zearalenone, and 0.19-0.33 zearalanone. Within-laboratory reproducibility was 16.2, 11.2, 31.9, 30.1, 26.6, and 54.2% for zeranol, taleranol, Alpha-Zearalenol, beta-Zearalenol, zearalenone, and zearalanone, respectively. It was found that all the compounds are stable in urine at -20 degrees C for at least a year. Part of the validation program was organisation of a small proficiency study (ringtest) and a correlation study with an LC-MS-MS method developed by the Veterinary Science Division (VSD; Belfast, UK-NI). This study showed there was good correlation between results from both laboratories. The method can be used for quantitative analysis discriminating illegal use of zeranol from consumption of zearalenone-contaminated food.
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Confirmatory assay for zeranol, taleranol and the Fusarium spp. toxins in bovine urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Food Additives and Contaminants, 2004Co-Authors: F. M. Launay, Saskia S. Sterk, Marco Blokland, P. B. Young, D.g. KennedyAbstract:A method is described for the quantitative determination of the veterinary drug zeranol, its epimer taleranol and the mycotoxins zearalenone, Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol in bovine urine. The method is based on liquid chromatography coupled to negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry of urine extracts prepared by solid-phase extraction with C(18) columns. Two transition ions at m/z 277 and 91 are monitored for zeranol and taleranol along with the transition ion at m/z 281 for their respective deuterated (d(4)) internal standards. Similarly, two transitions are monitored for each of the three mycotoxins along with a transition ion for each of their corresponding internal standards. The method has been validated according to the new European Union criteria for analysis of veterinary drug residues, and is suitable for monitoring urine samples taken under National Surveillance Schemes. The method has been validated at 1, 1.5 and 2 ng ml(-1) for zeranol and taleranol and at 5, 10 and 15 ng ml(-1) for each of the three mycotoxins. Correlation between the described method and a routine method, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was assessed using a range of naturally incurred samples.
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Zeranol is formed from Fusarium spp. toxins in cattle in vivo
Food Additives and Contaminants, 1998Co-Authors: D.g. Kennedy, S. A. Hewitt, J. D. G. Mcevoy, J.w. Currie, Andrew Cannavan, W. J. Blanchflower, C.t. ElliotAbstract:Zeranol, a semi-synthetic oestrogenic growth promoter, was banned in the EU in 1988. The ability of Member States to police the ban on zeranol has been hampered by suggestions from New Zealand and from this laboratory that zeranol may be formed by the in vivo metabolism of naturally occurring Fusarium spp. toxins. The present study demonstrates that zeranol is formed from Alpha-Zearalenol and zearalenone in vivo and is detected in bovine bile following the oral administration of these compounds. However, it is not detected following administration of beta-Zearalenol. These data suggest that hydrogenation of Alpha-Zearalenol, probably in the rumen, is responsible for the appearance of zeranol. The present study shows that environmental contamination with Fusarium spp. toxins is widespread in Northern Ireland. Fusarium spp. toxins were present in 32% (n = 422) of all bovine bile samples tested for zeranol during 1995. Zeranol itself was confirmed in 6.6% (n = 28) of the samples. However, the mean Alpha-Zearalenol and beta-Zearalenol concentrations in the bile of zeranol-positive animals were 12 and 9 times higher, respectively, than those in the zeranol-negative animals. The Alpha-Zearalenol concentration always exceeded the zeranol concentration by at least 5:1. This may, in the future, permit differentiation between zeranol abuse and natural contamination.