The Experts below are selected from a list of 303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Gatze Lettinga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sustainable development in pollution control and the role of Anaerobic Treatment
    Water Science and Technology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Gatze Lettinga, J.b. Van Lier, J.c.l. Van Buuren, Grietje Zeeman
    Abstract:

    The increasing scarcity of clean water sets the need for appropriate management of available water resources. Particularly regions suffering from a lack of water urgently need integrated environmental protection and resource conservation (EP and RC) technologies in order to enable effective management of the available water resources. EP and RC-concepts focus on pollution prevention and on a minimum of consumptive use of energy, chemicals, and water in pollution abatement and a maximum of re-use of treated wastewater, by-products and residues produced in the Treatment of waste and wastewater. Consequently, by implementing these concepts, waste(water)s like sewage and industrial effluents become an important source of water, fertilisers, soil conditioners and (frequently) energy instead of a social threat. In addition, a bridge is made between environmental protection and agriculture practice, stimulating (urban) agriculture in the neighbourhood of large cities. Anaerobic Treatment is considered as the core technology for mineralising organic compounds in waste(water) streams. Additional technologies are required to comply with the reuse criteria. Some examples of possible EP and RC concepts, using the Anaerobic Treatment technology for the reclamation of domestic sewage are discussed.

  • Anaerobic Treatment of domestic sewage at low temperature
    Water Science and Technology, 2001
    Co-Authors: T.a. Elmitwalli, Grietje Zeeman, Gatze Lettinga
    Abstract:

    The results of research concerning the feasibility of Anaerobic Treatment of domestic sewage at low temperature are summarized in this article. The batch tests demonstrated a high biodegradability of domestic sewage at 20°C (74%). Both batch and continuous experiments for the Treatment of domestic sewage showed that the removal of SS prior to Anaerobic Treatment of domestic sewage not only provides a stable reactor performance but also improves the removal of both colloidal (CODcol) and dissolved COD (CODdis). The results of the pre-Treatment of domestic sewage in an Anaerobic filter (AF) and an Anaerobic hybrid (AH) reactor showed that the AF reactor is an efficient process for the removal of suspended COD (CODss), viz. 82%, at an HRT of 4 h and 13°C. The novel AF reactor consists of vertical sheets of reticulated polyurethane foam with knobs, where the biomass was only in attached form. For the Treatment of pre-settled sewage at 13°C, the AH reactor, with granular sludge, showed a higher total COD (CODt) removal than the UASB reactor as a result of higher CODcol removal. Therefore, the performance of a two-step system, AF+AH (with granular sludge) reactor, was investigated with different HRTs at 13°C. For optimization of CODss and CODdis an HRT of 4+4 h is needed, while for optimization of CODcol removal an HRT of 4+8 h is required. A CODt removal of 71% was achieved with 60% conversion to methane from the removed CODt when the AF+AH system was operated at an HRT of 4+8 h at 13°C.

  • Anaerobic Treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters
    1999
    Co-Authors: P.n.l. Lens, Gatze Lettinga
    Abstract:

    Until recently, biological Treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters was rather unpopular because of the production of H 2 S under Anaerobic conditions. Gaseous and dissolved sulfides cause physical (corrosion, odour, increased effluent COD) or biological (toxicity) constraints, which may lead to process failure. Anaerobic Treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters can nevertheless be applied successfully provided a proper Treatment strategy is selected. The strategies currently available are discussed in relation to the aim of the Treatment: i) removal of organic matter, ii) removal of sulfate or iii) removal of both. Also a whole spectrum of new biotechnological applications (removal of organic COD, sulfur, nitrogen and heavy metals), recently developed based on a better insight in sulfur transformations, are discussed.

  • Anaerobic Treatment of hemp thermomechanical pulping wastewater.
    Water Research, 1998
    Co-Authors: S. Kortekaas, Gatze Lettinga, Robert R Wijngaarde, Jan-willem Klomp, James A Field
    Abstract:

    Abstract Biological Treatment is an indispensable instrument for water management of non-wood pulp mills, either as internal measure or end of pipe. In this paper, Anaerobic Treatment of wastewaters derived from the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is described. Hemp stem wood and hemp bark TMP wastewaters were treated in laboratory scale upflow Anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. For both types of wastewater, maximal COD removal of 72% were obtained at loading rates of 13–16 g COD·l−1 d−1, providing 59–63% recovery of the influent COD as methane. The reactors continued to provide excellent COD removal efficiencies of 63–66% up to a loading rate of 27 g COD·l−1 d−1, being the highest loading rate tested. Batch toxicity assays revealed the absence of methanogenic inhibition by hemp TMP wastewaters, coinciding with the high acetoclastic activity of the reactor sludge of approximately 1 g COD·g VSS−1 d−1. Due to the relatively low molecular weight of hemp TMP lignin, its removal (measured as UV280) during Anaerobic Treatment was remarkably high and averaged 45 and 31% for the hemp stem wood and the hemp bark TMP UASB reactors, respectively. Gel permeation chromatography revealed that the lignin removed corresponded to the lowest molecular weight derivatives. Subsequent batch aerobic post-Treatment led to a considerable increase of color levels and polymerization of the residual lignin to molecular weights in excess of 34 kD.

  • Future Perspectives for the Anaerobic Treatment of Forest Industry Wastewaters
    Water Science and Technology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Gatze Lettinga, J.b. Van Lier, James A Field, Reyes Sierra-alvarez, Jukka Rintala
    Abstract:

    Anaerobic Treatment systems have been successfully applied over the last decade for combating wastewater pollution loads in the forest industry. However, Anaerobic Treatment of certain paper mill waste streams is limited by the presence of toxic and recalcitrant organic compounds, high concentrations of sulfur and in some cases high wastewater temperatures. Nonetheless, the future perspectives for the Anaerobic Treatment of difficult forest industry wastewaters are encouraging. This paper discusses a variety of measures available to Anaerobic Treatment technologies for dealing with the aforementioned limitations.

Turgut T Onay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anaerobic Treatment of dairy wastewaters a review
    Process Biochemistry, 2005
    Co-Authors: Burak Demirel, Orhan Yenigun, Turgut T Onay
    Abstract:

    Abstract Anaerobic Treatment is often reported to be an effective method for treating dairy effluents. The objective of this paper is to summarize recent research efforts and case studies in Anaerobic Treatment of dairy wastewaters. The main characteristics of industrial dairy waste streams are identified and the Anaerobic degradation mechanisms of the primary constituents in dairy wastewaters, namely carbohydrates (mainly lactose), proteins and lipids are described. Primary attention is then focused on bench–pilot–full-scale Anaerobic Treatment efforts for dairy waste effluents. Combined (Anaerobic–aerobic) Treatment methods are also discussed. Finally, areas where further research and attention are required are identified.

  • Anaerobic Treatment of dairy wastewaters: A review
    Process Biochemistry, 2005
    Co-Authors: Burak Demirel, Orhan Yenigun, Turgut T Onay
    Abstract:

    Anaerobic Treatment is often reported to be an effective method for treating dairy effluents. The objective of this paper is to summarize recent research efforts and case studies in Anaerobic Treatment of dairy wastewaters. The main characteristics of industrial dairy waste streams are identified and the Anaerobic degradation mechanisms of the primary constituents in dairy wastewaters, namely carbohydrates (mainly lactose), proteins and lipids are described. Primary attention is then focused on bench-pilot-full-scale Anaerobic Treatment efforts for dairy waste effluents. Combined (Anaerobic-aerobic) Treatment methods are also discussed. Finally, areas where further research and attention are required are identified. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Burak Demirel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anaerobic Treatment of dairy wastewaters a review
    Process Biochemistry, 2005
    Co-Authors: Burak Demirel, Orhan Yenigun, Turgut T Onay
    Abstract:

    Abstract Anaerobic Treatment is often reported to be an effective method for treating dairy effluents. The objective of this paper is to summarize recent research efforts and case studies in Anaerobic Treatment of dairy wastewaters. The main characteristics of industrial dairy waste streams are identified and the Anaerobic degradation mechanisms of the primary constituents in dairy wastewaters, namely carbohydrates (mainly lactose), proteins and lipids are described. Primary attention is then focused on bench–pilot–full-scale Anaerobic Treatment efforts for dairy waste effluents. Combined (Anaerobic–aerobic) Treatment methods are also discussed. Finally, areas where further research and attention are required are identified.

  • Anaerobic Treatment of dairy wastewaters: A review
    Process Biochemistry, 2005
    Co-Authors: Burak Demirel, Orhan Yenigun, Turgut T Onay
    Abstract:

    Anaerobic Treatment is often reported to be an effective method for treating dairy effluents. The objective of this paper is to summarize recent research efforts and case studies in Anaerobic Treatment of dairy wastewaters. The main characteristics of industrial dairy waste streams are identified and the Anaerobic degradation mechanisms of the primary constituents in dairy wastewaters, namely carbohydrates (mainly lactose), proteins and lipids are described. Primary attention is then focused on bench-pilot-full-scale Anaerobic Treatment efforts for dairy waste effluents. Combined (Anaerobic-aerobic) Treatment methods are also discussed. Finally, areas where further research and attention are required are identified. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

J J Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Low-temperature Anaerobic Treatment of low-strength pentachlorophenol-bearing wastewater
    Bioresource Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: J. Lopez, Victor M. Monsalvo, Angel F. Mohedano, Daniel Puyol, J J Rodriguez
    Abstract:

    The Anaerobic Treatment of low-strength wastewater bearing pentachlorophenol (PCP) at psychro-mesophilic temperatures has been investigated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. Using an upward flow rate of 4mh-1, a complete removal of PCP, as well as COD removal and methanization efficiencies higher than 75% and 50%, respectively, were achieved. Methanogenesis and COD consumption were slightly affected by changes in loading rate, temperature (17-28°C) and inlet concentrations of urea and oils. Pentachlorophenol caused an irreversible inhibitory effect over both acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens, being the later more resistant to the toxic effect of pentachlorophenol. An auto-inhibition phenomenon was observed at PCP concentrations higher than 10mgL-1, which was accurately predicted by a Haldane-like model. The inhibitory effect of PCP over the COD consumption and methane production was modelled by modified pseudo-Monod and Roediger models, respectively. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

J N Lester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.