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Dorota Kwiatkowska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Phyllotaxis of vegetative shoots of Anagallis Arvensis L. treated in vitro with 6-benzylaminopurine
    Polish Botanical Society, 2014
    Co-Authors: Dorota Kwiatkowska, Krystyna Kromer
    Abstract:

    Application of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), a synthetic cytokinin, to the growth medium in vitro stimulates the formation of adventitious shoots on stem explants of Anagallis Arvensis. They regenerate from dedifferentiating epidermal cells of stem internodes. The process starts from periclinal and anticlinal divisions in a few of neighbouring cells. The amount of adven-titious shoots increases with an increasing BA concentration. The BA treatment also affects phyllotaxis, but only of adventitious shoots, and not of normal lateral shoots developing in leaf axils. Leaf arrangement on adventitious shoots is always variable, even on the control medium. Generally, patterns observed in case of in vitro shoots do not differ from those reported earlier for intact A. Arvensis plants. BA treatment also leads to the teratologic development, i.e. fasciation and the formation of abnormally shaped leaves, but again in adventitious rather than in normally developing shoots. We postulate that the variability of phyllotaxis characteristic for adventitious shoots and their responce to BA treatment, result from the fact that their apical meristems develop de novo from initially unorganised meristematic centres, whereas meristems of normally developing lateral shoots are well organised from the time of their initiation

  • intraspecific variation of phyllotaxis stability in Anagallis Arvensis
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2014
    Co-Authors: Dorota Kwiatkowska
    Abstract:

    Qualitative transformations of phyllotaxis in Anagallis Arvensis occur typically during the generative phase of development. In the vegetative phase phyllotaxis usually does not change. An exception to this rule is one peculiar population of Anagallis Arvensis , belonging to a pink-flowered form carnea, in which phyllotaxis often transforms in both the generative and vegetative phase of development. The presence of a relatively large number of vegetative transitions, virtually absent in two control red-flowered populations of form Arvensis, is accompanied also by the higher frequency of generative transitions. This might be a result of a genetically determined instability of shoot apex geometry. It has been proved experimentally that changing conditions of growth affect the transition frequencies and the time lapse from the beginning of either the vegetative or generative phase to the transition (measured in plastochrons). A comparison of two types of transitions shows that divergence changes are less abrupt in vegetative transitions. The differences between the two types also pertain to the vertical spacing of leaves and to the pattern formed by leaf bases and wings on the stem surface in the transition zone.

  • ontogenetic changes of phyllotaxis in Anagallis Arvensis l
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2014
    Co-Authors: Dorota Kwiatkowska
    Abstract:

    During the ontogeny of Anagallis spontaneous changes of phyllotaxis appear in a regular sequence. The initial decussate pattern is followed by spiral Fibonacci phyllotaxis, this in turn, by a trimerous pattern, and finally Lucas spiral phyllotaxis is formed. In the course of the first and most common phyllotactic transition, from the decussate to spiral Fibonacci pattern, changes in primordia arrangement occur only within a limited sector of the apex circumference. In the complementary sector, primordia emerge as if the decussate phyllotaxis continued. It is likely that similar circumferential discontinuity accounts for further transitions. The common ontogenetic sequence of patterns in Anagallis is such that, theoretically, each transition requires minimal changes in shoot apex geometry. Although the meristem in Anagallis is able to produce primordia either in whorls or spirally, the elongated shoots of this plant seem to have leaves exclusively in whorls. It appeared that in shoots with an initially spiral pattern, leaves can be clustered in pseudo-whorls due to the uneven internode elongation. Pseudowhorls are composed usually of three (Fibonacci) or four (Lucas) leaves of successive nodes. The number of leaves in a pseudo-whorl equals the number of leaves positioned on one revolution of the ontogenetic helix, which is different in these two spiral patterns. In shoot apices with whorled phyllotaxis, the leaf and flower primordia of a whorl are of different size. On elongated shoots, flower buds emerging in the axils of leaves of one whorl also differ in size.

  • Ontogenetic changes in the shoot primary vasculature of Anagallis Arvensis L.
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2014
    Co-Authors: Dorota Kwiatkowska
    Abstract:

    Ontogenetic changes in the primary vasculature of Anagallis shoots are strictly related to phyllotaxis. During the ontogeny of Anagallis , whorled and spiral phyllotactic patterns appear alternately in a regular sequence. The initial decussate phyllotaxis is transformed into the spiral Fibonacci, and then further into trimerous pattern. This in turn may change into the spiral Lucas phyllotaxis. Sporadically the immediate transition from the decussate to trimerous phyllotaxis takes place. The vascular system in Anagallis is always closed, despite that both whorled and spiral phyllotaxes are present. Also the number of vascular traces diverging to the leaf is constant. In the course of a single phyllotactic transition, there is an increase in the number of vascular sympodia and in the number of leaf traces present in the vascular cylinder. Usually only one single sympodium and one or two traces are added to the system. The immediate addition of two sympodia occurs only during infrequent transition from the decussate to trimerous pattern. The increase in the number of sympodia is most often simultaneous with the phyllotactic transition, however, when the trimerous pattern is transformed into the spiral Lucas, the increase is delayed, sometimes for as much as ten plastochrons. In shoots with changing phyllotaxis, a sector within the vascular cylinder can be distinguished, in which the leaf traces are arranged as if the previous phyllotactic pattern continued, whereas rearrangement of traces takes place at the same level but in the complementary sector. This is in agreement with the concept of discontinuous circumferential changes in the shoot apex being responsible for qualitative transformations of phyllotaxis.

  • morphogenesis at the inflorescence shoot apex of Anagallis Arvensis surface geometry and growth in comparison with the vegetative shoot
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009
    Co-Authors: Dorota Kwiatkowska, Annelise Routierkierzkowska
    Abstract:

    Quantitative analysis of geometry and surface growth based on the sequential replica method is used to compare morphogenesis at the shoot apex of Anagallis Arvensis in the reproductive and vegetative phases of development. Formation of three types of lateral organs takes place at the Anagallis shoot apical meristem (SAM): vegetative leaf primordia are formed during the vegetative phase and leaf-like bracts and flower primordia during the reproductive phase. Although the shapes of all the three types of primordia are very similar during their early developmental stages, areal growth rates and anisotropy of apex surface growth accompanying formation of leaf or bract primordia are profoundly different from those during formation of flower primordia. This provides an example of different modes of de novo formation of a given shape. Moreover, growth accompanying the formation of the boundary between the SAM and flower primordium is entirely different from growth at the adaxial leaf or bract primordium boundary. In the latter, areal growth rates at the future boundary are the lowest of all the apex surface, while in the former they are relatively very high. The direction of maximal growth rate is latitudinal (along the future boundary) in the case of leaf or bract primordium but meridional (across the boundary) in the case of flower. The replica method does not enable direct analysis of growth in the direction perpendicular to the apex surface (anticlinal direction). Nevertheless, the reconstructed surfaces of consecutive replicas taken from an individual apex allow general directions of SAM surface bulging accompanying primordium formation to be recognized. Precise alignment of consecutive reconstructions shows that the direction of initial bulging during the leaf or bract formation is nearly parallel to the shoot axis (upward bulging), while in the case of flower it is perpendicular to the axis (lateral bulging). In future, such 3D reconstructions can be used to assess displacement velocity fields so that growth in the anticlinal direction can be assessed. In terms of self-perpetuation, the inflorescence SAM of Anagallis differs from the SAM in the vegetative phase in that the centrally located region of slow growth is less distinct in the inflorescence SAM. Moreover, the position of this slowly growing zone with respect to cells is not stable in the course of the meristem ontogeny.

Maria Isabel Calvo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cytotoxic effects of Anagallis Arvensis and Anagallis foemina in neuronal and colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines
    Pharmacognosy Journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Victor Lopez, Rita Yolanda Cavero, Maria Isabel Calvo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Anagallis Arvensis L. and Anagallis foemina Mill. (Primulaceae) have been used in Navarra (Spain) as wound healing remedies within a context of traditional medicine. The species have previously demonstrated antimicrobial and COX-inhibiting properties. Cytotoxic effects of the plants have never been established though they are popularly known to be toxic at high doses and/or long term oral administration. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in PC12 and DHD/K12PROb cells using spectrophotometric methods such as the MTT and LDH assays. Both plants reduced cell survival and induced cell damage (LDH release) in a dose-dependent manner, PC12 cells being more sensitive to the extracts than DHD/K12PROb cells. Methanol extracts were significantly more cytotoxic and doses over 80 μg/ml reduced cell survival above 50%. Results suggest that these plants may be responsible for the toxic effects that have been described in traditional medicine.

  • pharmacological properties of Anagallis Arvensis l scarlet pimpernel and Anagallis foemina mill blue pimpernel traditionally used as wound healing remedies in navarra spain
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Victor Lopez, Anna K Jager, Silvia Akerreta, Rita Yolanda Cavero, Maria Isabel Calvo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance : Anagallis Arvensis and Anagallis foemina are traditionally used in Navarra (Spain) for dermatological purposes regarding wound healing properties. In some cases they are also used to threat internal infections although they are known to be toxic at high doses. Aim of study : Due to lack of studies, we decided to evaluate the potential of the plants as wound healing remedies measuring antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties using in vitro procedures. Materials and methods Antimicrobial effects were studied against four bacteria and one fungus. Anti-inflammatory properties were measured in terms of COX-1 and -2 inhibition as well as superoxide radical scavenging capacity. Results Both species exerted antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The methanolic extract obtained from Anagallis Arvensis seemed to produce the highest inhibition in Candida albicans (MIC = 0.31 mg/ml). Inhibition of COX-1 and -2 was also stronger for methanolic extracts whereas aqueous were revealed as better free radical scavengers. Conclusions The study reveals that both species posses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities related to their ethnomedicinal uses.

Jose Rodolfo Soberon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and triterpenoid saponins obtained from the aerial parts of Anagallis Arvensis l
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jose Rodolfo Soberon, Melina Araceli Sgariglia, Ana Cristina Pastoriza, Estela M Soruco, Sebastian N Jager, Guillermo R Labadie, Diego A Sampietro, Marta Amelia Vattuone
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Anagallis Arvensis L. (Primulaceae) is used in argentinean northwestern traditional medicine to treat fungal infections. We are reporting the isolation and identification of compounds with antifungal activity against human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans , and toxicity evaluation. Aim of the study to study the antifungal activity of extracts and purified compounds obtained form A. Arvensis aerial parts, alone and in combinations with fluconazole (FLU), and to study the toxicity of the active compounds. Materials and methods Disk diffusion assays were used to perform an activity-guided isolation of antifungal compounds from the aerial parts of A. Arvensis . Broth dilution checkerboard and viable cell count assays were employed to determine the effects of samples and combinations of FLU + samples against Candida albicans. The chemical structures of active compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Genotoxic and haemolytic effects of the isolated compounds were determined. Results Four triterpenoid saponins ( 1–4 ) were identified. Anagallisin C (AnC), exerted the highest inhibitory activity among the assayed compounds against C. albicans reference strain (ATCC 10231), with MIC-0 =1 µg/mL. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI=0.129) indicated a synergistic effect between AnC (0.125 µg/mL) and FLU (0.031 µg/mL) against C. albicans ATCC 10231. AnC inhibited C. albicans 12–99 FLU resistant strain (MIC-0 =1 µg/mL), and the FICI=0.188 indicated a synergistic effect between AnC (0.125 µg/mL) and fluconazole (16 µg/mL). The combination AnC+ FLU exerted fungicidal activity against both C. albicans strains. AnC exerted inhibitory activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231 sessile cells (MIC 5 0=0.5 µg/mL and MIC 80 =1 µg/mL) and against C. albicans 12–99 sessile cells (MIC 5 0=0.75 µg/mL and MIC 80 =1.25 µg/mL). AnC exerted haemolytic effect against human red blood cells at 15 µg/mL and did not exerted genotoxic effect on Bacillus subtilis rec strains. Conclusions The antifungal activity and lack of genotoxic effects of AnC give support to the traditional use of A. Arvensis as antifungal and makes AnC a compound of interest to expand the available antifungal drugs.

Brian K Urbain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Marta Amelia Vattuone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and triterpenoid saponins obtained from the aerial parts of Anagallis Arvensis l
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jose Rodolfo Soberon, Melina Araceli Sgariglia, Ana Cristina Pastoriza, Estela M Soruco, Sebastian N Jager, Guillermo R Labadie, Diego A Sampietro, Marta Amelia Vattuone
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Anagallis Arvensis L. (Primulaceae) is used in argentinean northwestern traditional medicine to treat fungal infections. We are reporting the isolation and identification of compounds with antifungal activity against human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans , and toxicity evaluation. Aim of the study to study the antifungal activity of extracts and purified compounds obtained form A. Arvensis aerial parts, alone and in combinations with fluconazole (FLU), and to study the toxicity of the active compounds. Materials and methods Disk diffusion assays were used to perform an activity-guided isolation of antifungal compounds from the aerial parts of A. Arvensis . Broth dilution checkerboard and viable cell count assays were employed to determine the effects of samples and combinations of FLU + samples against Candida albicans. The chemical structures of active compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Genotoxic and haemolytic effects of the isolated compounds were determined. Results Four triterpenoid saponins ( 1–4 ) were identified. Anagallisin C (AnC), exerted the highest inhibitory activity among the assayed compounds against C. albicans reference strain (ATCC 10231), with MIC-0 =1 µg/mL. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI=0.129) indicated a synergistic effect between AnC (0.125 µg/mL) and FLU (0.031 µg/mL) against C. albicans ATCC 10231. AnC inhibited C. albicans 12–99 FLU resistant strain (MIC-0 =1 µg/mL), and the FICI=0.188 indicated a synergistic effect between AnC (0.125 µg/mL) and fluconazole (16 µg/mL). The combination AnC+ FLU exerted fungicidal activity against both C. albicans strains. AnC exerted inhibitory activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231 sessile cells (MIC 5 0=0.5 µg/mL and MIC 80 =1 µg/mL) and against C. albicans 12–99 sessile cells (MIC 5 0=0.75 µg/mL and MIC 80 =1.25 µg/mL). AnC exerted haemolytic effect against human red blood cells at 15 µg/mL and did not exerted genotoxic effect on Bacillus subtilis rec strains. Conclusions The antifungal activity and lack of genotoxic effects of AnC give support to the traditional use of A. Arvensis as antifungal and makes AnC a compound of interest to expand the available antifungal drugs.