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Bhagirath S Chauhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Annual Ryegrass lolium rigidum gaud competition altered wheat grain quality a study under elevated atmospheric co2 levels and drought conditions
Food Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Nimesha Fernando, Singarayer Florentine, Mani Naiker, J F Panozzo, Bhagirath S ChauhanAbstract:Annual Ryegrass is one of the most serious, costly weeds of winter cropping systems in Australia. To determine whether its competition-mediated plant defence mechanisms effect on wheat grain quality, wheat (cv. Yitpi) and Annual Ryegrass were grown under two levels of CO2 (400 ppm; (a[CO2]) vs 700 ppm; (e[CO2]), two levels of water (well-watered vs drought) and two types of competition (wheat only; (W), and wheat × Annual Ryegrass; (W × R) with four replicates. The competition × [CO2] interaction had a significant effect on wheat grain protein content, where it was increased in W × R under both e[CO2] (+17%) and a[CO2] (+21%). Grain yield, total grain reducing power and phenolic content were significantly affected by [CO2] × drought × competition. In a summary, Annual Ryegrass competition significantly altered the wheat grain quality under both [CO2] levels (depending on the soil water level), while also decreasing the grain yield.
James K. Yarborough - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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triticale Annual Ryegrass mixture effects on forage characteristics and performance of early weaned beef calves
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2016Co-Authors: Joao M. B. Vendramini, John D. Arthington, Fábio Cortez Leite De Oliveira, A. D. Aguiar, Philipe Moriel, Joao M.d. Sanchez, Cecílio Viega Soares Filho, James K. YarboroughAbstract:ABSTRACT Mixing small grains with Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) may be a feasible management practice to improve forage production for early-weaned beef calves in the southeastern United States. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate forage characteristics and animal performance of early-weaned beef calves grazing Annual Ryegrass or Annual Ryegrass–triticale (X Triticosecale) mixed pastures. The experiment was conducted at Ona, Florida, from February to April 2011 (yr 1) and 2012 (yr 2). Treatments were Annual Ryegrass or triticale–Annual Ryegrass pastures distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates. Four calves (mean initial BW = 100 ± 13 kg) were allocated to each pasture (0.3 ha) using a continuous and fixed stocking rate. Calves were supplemented daily with concentrate (16% CP and 78% TDN) at 1% BW. Herbage mass was greater (P = 0.01) for the triticale–Annual Ryegrass than Annual Ryegrass treatment in yr 1 (2,730 vs. 2,080 ± 100 kg/ha), but there was no difference (P = 0.87) between treatments in yr 2 (1,750 ± 120 kg/ha). The Annual Ryegrass treatment had greater CP (19.5 vs. 15.0 ± 0.7%) and in vitro OM disappearance (80.6 vs. 76.2 ± 1.7%) than the triticale–Annual Ryegrass in yr 2. Calf ADG decreased from February to April (P = 0.04) and was greater (P
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Triticale–Annual Ryegrass mixture effects on forage characteristics and performance of early-weaned beef calves
The Professional Animal Scientist, 2016Co-Authors: Joao M. B. Vendramini, John D. Arthington, Fábio Cortez Leite De Oliveira, A. D. Aguiar, Philipe Moriel, Joao M.d. Sanchez, Cecílio Viega Soares Filho, James K. YarboroughAbstract:ABSTRACT Mixing small grains with Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) may be a feasible management practice to improve forage production for early-weaned beef calves in the southeastern United States. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate forage characteristics and animal performance of early-weaned beef calves grazing Annual Ryegrass or Annual Ryegrass–triticale (X Triticosecale) mixed pastures. The experiment was conducted at Ona, Florida, from February to April 2011 (yr 1) and 2012 (yr 2). Treatments were Annual Ryegrass or triticale–Annual Ryegrass pastures distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates. Four calves (mean initial BW = 100 ± 13 kg) were allocated to each pasture (0.3 ha) using a continuous and fixed stocking rate. Calves were supplemented daily with concentrate (16% CP and 78% TDN) at 1% BW. Herbage mass was greater (P = 0.01) for the triticale–Annual Ryegrass than Annual Ryegrass treatment in yr 1 (2,730 vs. 2,080 ± 100 kg/ha), but there was no difference (P = 0.87) between treatments in yr 2 (1,750 ± 120 kg/ha). The Annual Ryegrass treatment had greater CP (19.5 vs. 15.0 ± 0.7%) and in vitro OM disappearance (80.6 vs. 76.2 ± 1.7%) than the triticale–Annual Ryegrass in yr 2. Calf ADG decreased from February to April (P = 0.04) and was greater (P
Deirdre Lemerle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Canola (Brassica napus) germplasm shows variable allelopathic effects against Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)
Plant and Soil, 2014Co-Authors: M. Asaduzzaman, James E. Pratley, Min An, David J. Luckett, Deirdre LemerleAbstract:Aims The allelopathic activity of canola ( Brassica napus ) germplasm was investigated using the important Australian weed, Annual Ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum ) as the target species. Methods Three different canola plant densities (10, 20, and 30 seedlings/beaker) of each of 70 world-wide genotypes were tested in vitro in close proximity to Annual Ryegrass seedlings. Results The allelopathic activity of canola, as measured by reduction in Annual Ryegrass root and shoot growth, increased with canola crop seedling densities. Density did not consistently influence shoot length of Annual Ryegrass. Greater shoot length suppression was observed in genotype cv. Rivette and BLN3343CO0402. The Australian genotype cv. Av-opal and the breeding line Pak85388-502 suppressed root length of Ryegrass more than other genotypes, even at low densities. At the lowest density, the least allelopathic genotypes were cv. Barossa and cv. Cescaljarni-repka, although they became more allelopathic at higher density. An overall inhibition index was calculated to rank each of the canola genotypes. There were significant differences between canola genotypes in their ability to inhibit root and shoot growth in Ryegrass. Conclusion Considerable genetic variation exists among canola genotypes for their allelopathic effects on Annual Ryegrass. Further investigation is required to determine the allelopathic mechanisms, particularly to identify the responsible allelochemical(s) and the gene(s) controlling the trait. This research suggests that highly allelopathic canola genotypes can be potential for controlling weeds such as Annual Ryegrass in integrated weed management programs.
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Canola (Brassica napus) germplasm shows variable allelopathic effects against Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)
Plant and Soil, 2014Co-Authors: M. Asaduzzaman, David J. Luckett, James Pratley, Deirdre LemerleAbstract:Aims The allelopathic activity of canola (Brassica napus) germplasm was investigated using the important Australian weed, Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) as the target species.
Xinquan Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Mechanisms of Improved Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Annual Ryegrass by Exogenous Chitosan.
Genes, 2019Co-Authors: Junming Zhao, Ling Pan, Zhongfu Yang, Man Zhou, Yu Meng, Xinquan ZhangAbstract:Water deficit adversely affects the growth and productivity of Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The exogenous application of chitosan (CTS) has gained extensive interests due to its effect on improving drought resistance. This research aimed to determine the role of exogenous CTS on Annual Ryegrass in response to water stress. Here, we investigated the impact of exogenous CTS on the physiological responses and transcriptome changes of Annual Ryegrass variety “Tetragold” under osmotic stress induced by exposing them to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000. Our experimental results demonstrated that 50 mg/L exogenous CTS had the optimal effect on promoting seed germination under osmotic stress. Pre-treatment of Annual Ryegrass seedlings with 500 mg/L CTS solution reduced the level of electrolyte leakage (EL) as well as the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) under osmotic stress. In addition, CTS increased soluble sugars and chlorophyll (Chl) content, net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency (WUE), and transpiration rate (E) in Annual Ryegrass seedlings in response to three and six days of osmotic stress. Transcriptome analysis further provided a comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of CTS impact. To be more specific, in contrast of non-treated seedlings, the distinct changes of gene expressions of CTS-treated seedlings were shown to be tightly related to carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, and plant hormone. Altogether, exogenous CTS could elicit drought-related genes in Annual Ryegrass, leading to resistance to osmotic stress via producing antioxidant enzymes and maintaining intact cell membranes and photosynthetic rates. This robust evidence supports the potential of the application of exogenous CTS, which will be helpful for determining the suitability and productivity of agricultural crops.
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Genetic variability evaluation and cultivar identification of tetraploid Annual Ryegrass using SSR markers.
PeerJ, 2019Co-Authors: Gang Nie, Huang Ting, Linkai Huang, Yan Peng, Yanhong Yan, Xia Wang, Xinquan ZhangAbstract:Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is a widely used cool-season turf and forage grass with high productivity and ornamental characteristics. However, the abundant intra-cultivar genetic variability usually hampers the application of conventional techniques for cultivar identification. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe an efficient strategy for identification of six tetraploid Annual Ryegrass cultivars and (2) investigate the genetic diversity based on SSR markers. A total of 242 reliable bands were obtained from 29 SSR primer pairs with an average of 8.3 bands for each primer pair and the average value of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.304. The result of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 81.99% of the genetic variation occurred in within-cultivars and 18.01% among-cultivars. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the first two principal axes explain 8.57% (PC1) and 6.05% (PC2) of total variation, respectively. By using multi-bulk strategy based on different filtering thresholds, the results suggested that bands frequency of 40% could be used as a reliable standard for cultivar identification in Annual Ryegrass. Under this threshold, 12 SSR primer pairs (00-04A, 02-06G, 02-08C, 03-05A, 04-05B, 10-09E, 12-01A, 13-02H, 13-12D, 14-06F, 15-01C and 17-10D) were detected for direct identification of six tetraploid Annual Ryegrass cultivars, which could be incorporated into conservation schemes to protect the intellectual property of breeders, ensure purity for consumers, as well as guarantee effective use of cultivars in future.
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Integrated omics data of two Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) genotypes reveals core metabolic processes under drought stress.
BMC Plant Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Ling Pan, Chen Meng, Jianping Wang, Xiaomei Fan, Zhongfu Yang, Meiliang Zhou, Xinquan ZhangAbstract:Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) is a commercially important, widely distributed forage crop that is used in the production of hay and silage worldwide. Drought has been a severe environmental constraint in its production. Nevertheless, only a handful of studies have examined the impact of short-term drought stress on Annual Ryegrass. The aim of this study was to explore how stress-induced core metabolic processes enhance drought tolerance, or adaptation to drought, in Annual Ryegrass. We profiled the transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes of two Annual Ryegrass genotypes: the drought-resistant genotype “Abundant 10” and drought-susceptible genotype “Adrenalin 11.” We identified differentially expressed metabolites and their corresponding proteins and transcripts that are involved in 23 core metabolic processes, in response to short-term drought stress. Protein–gene–metabolite correlation networks were built to reveal the relationships between the expression of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites in drought-resistant Annual Ryegrass. Furthermore, integrated metabolic pathways were used to observe changes in enzymes corresponding with levels of amino acids, lipids, carbohydrate conjugates, nucleosides, alkaloids and their derivatives, and pyridines and their derivatives. The resulting omics data underscored the significance of 23 core metabolic processes on the enhancement of drought tolerance or adaptation to drought in Annual Ryegrass. The regulatory networks were inferred using MCoA and correlation analysis to reveal the relationships among the expression of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites that highlight the corresponding elements of these core metabolic pathways. Our results provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance, and represent a promising strategy toward the improvement of drought tolerance in Annual Ryegrass.
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Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase PCR in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Subjected to Various Abiotic Stresses.
Molecules, 2018Co-Authors: Qiuxu Liu, Linkai Huang, Gang Nie, Haidong Yan, Xinquan ZhangAbstract:To select the most stable reference genes in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), we studied Annual Ryegrass leaf tissues exposed to various abiotic stresses by qRT-PCR and selected 11 candidate reference genes, i.e., 18S rRNA, E2, GAPDH, eIF4A, HIS3, SAMDC, TBP-1, Unigene71, Unigene77, Unigene755, and Unigene14912. We then used GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper to analyze the expression stability of these 11 genes, and used RefFinder to comprehensively rank genes according to stability. Under different stress conditions, the most suitable reference genes for studies of leaf tissues of Annual Ryegrass were different. The expression of the eIF4A gene was the most stable under drought stress. Under saline-alkali stress, Unigene14912 has the highest expression stability. Under acidic aluminum stress, SAMDC expression stability was highest. Under heavy metal stress, Unigene71 expression had the highest stability. According to the software analyses, Unigene14912, HIS3, and eIF4A were the most suitable for analyses of abiotic stress in tissues of Annual Ryegrass. GAPDH was the least suitable reference gene. In conclusion, selecting appropriate reference genes under abiotic stress not only improves the accuracy of Annual Ryegrass gene expression analyses, but also provides a theoretical reference for the development of reference genes in plants of the genus Lolium.
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Identification of the valid reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) under salt stress.
Molecules, 2015Co-Authors: Wang Xia, Linkai Huang, Xinquan ZhangAbstract:Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is a cool-season Annual grass cultivated worldwide for its high yield and quality. With the areas of saline soil increasing, investigation of the molecular mechanisms of Annual Ryegrass tolerance under salt stress has become a significant topic. qRT-PCR has been a predominant assay for determination of the gene expression, in which selecting a valid internal reference gene is a crucial step. The objective of present study was to evaluate and identify suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR in Annual Ryegrass under salt stress. The results calculated by RefFinder indicated that eEF1A(s) was the most stable reference gene in leaves, whereas EF1-a was the least stable; meanwhile, TBP-1 was the most optimal in roots and in all samples, and the eIF-5A shouldn’t be utilized for normalization of the gene expression. eEF1A(s) is more suitable than TBP-1 as reference gene in leaves when verified with P5CS1 and Cyt-Cu/Zn SOD genes. We should choose optimal reference genes in specific tissues instead of the most stable one selected from different conditions and tissues.
Nimesha Fernando - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Annual Ryegrass lolium rigidum gaud competition altered wheat grain quality a study under elevated atmospheric co2 levels and drought conditions
Food Chemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Nimesha Fernando, Singarayer Florentine, Mani Naiker, J F Panozzo, Bhagirath S ChauhanAbstract:Annual Ryegrass is one of the most serious, costly weeds of winter cropping systems in Australia. To determine whether its competition-mediated plant defence mechanisms effect on wheat grain quality, wheat (cv. Yitpi) and Annual Ryegrass were grown under two levels of CO2 (400 ppm; (a[CO2]) vs 700 ppm; (e[CO2]), two levels of water (well-watered vs drought) and two types of competition (wheat only; (W), and wheat × Annual Ryegrass; (W × R) with four replicates. The competition × [CO2] interaction had a significant effect on wheat grain protein content, where it was increased in W × R under both e[CO2] (+17%) and a[CO2] (+21%). Grain yield, total grain reducing power and phenolic content were significantly affected by [CO2] × drought × competition. In a summary, Annual Ryegrass competition significantly altered the wheat grain quality under both [CO2] levels (depending on the soil water level), while also decreasing the grain yield.