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Alan C Swann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aggression impulsivity and psychopathic traits in combined Antisocial Personality Disorder and substance use Disorder
Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2013Co-Authors: Joseph L Alcorn, Alan C Swann, Gerard F Moeller, Joshua L Gowin, Charles Green, Scott D LaneAbstract:Aggression, impulsivity, and psychopathic traits are prominent in both Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and substance use Disorders (SUD), but have rarely been examined collectively. The authors' results show that all three variables were elevated in adults with comorbid ASPD/SUD, relative to SUD-only and control subjects.
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interactions between bipolar Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder in trait impulsivity and severity of illness
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2010Co-Authors: Alan C Swann, Marijn Lijffijt, Scott D Lane, Joel L Steinberg, F G MoellerAbstract:Objective: We investigated trait impulsivity in bipolar Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) with respect to severity and course of illness. Method: Subjects included 78 controls, 34 ASPD, 61 bipolar Disorder without Axis II Disorder, and 24 bipolar Disorder with ASPD, by Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (SCID-I and -II). Data were analyzed using general linear model and probit analysis. Results: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) scores were higher in ASPD (effect sizes 0.5-0.8) or bipolar Disorder (effect size 1.45) than in controls. Subjects with both had more suicide attempts and previous episodes than bipolar Disorder alone, and more substance-use Disorders and suicide attempts than ASPD alone. BIS-11 scores were not related to severity of crimes. Conclusion: Impulsivity was higher in bipolar Disorder with or without ASPD than in ASPD alone, and higher in ASPD than in controls. Adverse effects of bipolar Disorder in ASPD, but not of ASPD in bipolar Disorder, were accounted for by increased impulsivity. Language: en
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trait impulsivity and response inhibition in Antisocial Personality Disorder
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2009Co-Authors: Alan C Swann, Marijn Lijffijt, Scott D Lane, Joel L Steinberg, Gerard F MoellerAbstract:Background Impulsive behavior is a prominent characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Impulsivity is a complex construct, however, representing distinct domains of cognition and action. Leading models refer to impulsivity as an inability to evaluate a stimulus fully before responding to it (rapid-response impulsivity), and as an inability to delay responding despite a larger reward (reward-delay impulsivity). We investigated these models in terms of the diagnosis and severity of Antisocial Personality Disorder.
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increased impulsivity in cocaine dependent subjects independent of Antisocial Personality Disorder and aggression
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2002Co-Authors: Gerard F Moeller, Donald M Dougherty, Ernest S Barratt, Victor Oderinde, Charles W Mathias, Andrew R Harper, Alan C SwannAbstract:Several previous studies show a relationship between impulsivity and substance abuse; however, it is unclear whether the increased impulsivity seen in substance dependent groups is specifically related to substance abuse, or if it is due to concomitant Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) or aggression. The issue of whether impulsivity is specifically related to substance abuse is important since it has a bearing on risk factors for development of substance abuse. To determine whether cocaine dependent subjects show increased impulsivity independent of ASPD, the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), a delayed reward laboratory measure of impulsivity, and the life history of aggression scale were administered to 49 cocaine dependent subjects and 25 controls. Results showed that cocaine dependent subjects with ASPD were more impulsive and aggressive than controls, but cocaine dependent subjects without ASPD were also more impulsive compared to controls. Controlling for aggression history, cocaine dependent subjects without ASPD continued to have elevated impulsivity as measured by the BIS-11, but not the delayed reward task. This study supports the hypothesis that the increased impulsivity as measured by the BIS-11 in cocaine dependent individuals is not exclusively due to concomitant increases in aggression or ASPD.
Scott O Lilienfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dsm 5 Antisocial Personality Disorder predictive validity in a prison sample
Law and Human Behavior, 2015Co-Authors: John F Edens, Scott O Lilienfeld, Jennifer L Skeem, Shannon E Kelley, Kevin S DouglasAbstract:Symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), particularly remorselessness, are frequently introduced in legal settings as a risk factor for future violence in prison, despite a paucity of research on the predictive validity of this Disorder. We examined whether an ASPD diagnosis or symptom-criteria counts could prospectively predict any form of institutional misconduct, as well as aggressive and violent infractions among newly admitted prisoners. Adult male (n = 298) and female (n = 55) offenders were recruited from 4 prison systems across the United States. At the time of study enrollment, diagnostic information was collected using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; APA, 1994) Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II; First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, & Benjamin, 1997) supplemented by a detailed review of official records. Disciplinary records were obtained from inmates' respective prisons covering a 1-year period following study enrollment and misconduct was categorized hierarchically as any (general), aggressive (verbal/physical), or violent (physical). Dichotomous ASPD diagnoses and adult symptom-criteria counts did not significantly predict institutional misconduct across our 3 outcome variables, with effect sizes being close to 0 in magnitude. The symptom of remorselessness in particular showed no relation to future misconduct in prison. Childhood symptom counts of conduct Disorder demonstrated modest predictive utility. Our results offer essentially no support for the claim that ASPD diagnoses can predict institutional misconduct in prison, regardless of the number of adult symptoms present. In forensic contexts, testimony that an ASPD diagnosis identifies defendants who will pose a serious threat while incarcerated in prison presently lacks any substantial scientific foundation.
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identifying subtypes among offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder a cluster analytic study
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Norman G Poythress, Scott O Lilienfeld, Christopher J Patrick, John F Edens, Jennifer L Skeem, Kevin S Douglas, Paul J Frick, Monica Epstein, Tao WangAbstract:The question of whether Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy are largely similar or fundamentally different constructs remains unresolved. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994), many of the Personality features of psychopathy are cast as associated features of ASPD, although the DSM-IV offers no guidance as to how, or the extent to which, these features relate to ASPD. In a sample of 691 offenders who met DSM-IV criteria for ASPD, we used model-based clustering to identify subgroups of individuals with relatively homogeneous profiles on measures of associated features (psychopathic Personality traits) and other constructs with potential etiological significance for subtypes of ASPD. Two emergent groups displayed profiles that conformed broadly to theoretical descriptions of primary psychopathy and Karpman's (1941) variant of secondary psychopathy. As expected, a third group (nonpsychopathic ASPD) lacked substantial associated features. A fourth group exhibited elevated psychopathic features as well as a highly fearful temperament, a profile not clearly predicted by extant models. Planned comparisons revealed theoretically informative differences between primary and secondary groups in multiple domains, including self-report measures, passive avoidance learning, clinical ratings, and official records. Our results inform ongoing debates about the overlap between psychopathy and ASPD and raise questions about the wisdom of placing most individuals who habitually violate social norms and laws into a single diagnostic category.
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is Antisocial Personality Disorder continuous or categorical a taxometric analysis
Psychological Medicine, 2006Co-Authors: David K Marcus, Scott O Lilienfeld, John F Edens, Norman G PoythressAbstract:Background. Although the DSM-IV-TR is organized into discrete Disorders, the question of whether a given Disorder possesses a dimensional or a categorical latent structure is an empirical one that can be examined using taxometric methods. The objective of this study was to ascertain the latent structure of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Method. Participants were 1146 male offenders incarcerated in state prisons (n=569), or courtordered to residential drug treatment (n=577). Participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) to assess ASPD symptoms ; they also completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) ASPD scale. Taxometric analyses were performed to examine whether ASPD is underpinned by a discrete category or a dimensional construct. Results. Multiple taxometric procedures using two different sets of indicators provided no evidence that ASPD has a taxonic latent structure. Instead, the results were far more consistent with the proposition that ASPD exists on a continuum, regardless of whether it is assessed using a structured interview or a self-report measure. Conclusions. Evidence that ASPD is dimensional suggests that it is best studied using continuous measures and that dichotomizing individuals into ASPD versus non-ASPD groups will typically result in decreased statistical power. The findings are also consistent with a multifactorial etiology for ASPD and with recent attempts to conceptualize ASPD within the framework of extant dimensional models of Personality.
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sex differences in psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder a review and integration
Clinical Psychology Review, 2002Co-Authors: Ellison M Cale, Scott O LilienfeldAbstract:Although the correlates and causes of psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) have been the subject of extensive investigation, researchers in this area have until recently focused almost exclusively on males. As a consequence, relatively little is known about psychopathy and ASPD in females. In this paper, we review the empirical literature on sex differences in the base rates, mean symptom levels, correlates, and factor structure of psychopathy and ASPD. In addition, we discuss the potential sex-differentiated phenotypic expressions of psychopathy and ASPD (e.g., somatization Disorder [SD]) as well as sex differences in the developmental trajectories of these conditions. There is suggestive evidence that these conditions may be differentially expressed across biological sex, although further investigation of this issue is warranted. We conclude with recommendations for future research in this area, including suggestions for embedding the study of sex differences in psychopathy and ASPD within a construct validational framework.
Nathan J Kolla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alcohol and violence in psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder neural mechanisms
2019Co-Authors: Nathan J Kolla, Christine WangAbstract:Abstract A robust corpus of evidence supports an association between neurochemical dysfunction and violence in individuals with a history of alcohol misuse. Specifically, Type 1 alcoholics have been shown to exhibit higher levels of serotonin and decreased dopamine, whereas Type 2 alcoholics tend to display lower levels of serotonin and increased dopamine levels. Both serotonin and dopamine are neurotransmitters modulated by monoamine oxidase-A, an enzyme important to brain structure and function and which may also underlie pathological aggression. Genetic association studies further highlight certain monoamine oxidase-A polymorphisms that on their own or in combination with early adverse events make individuals more vulnerable to the negative effects of alcohol, including violence. Structural brain changes also present a strong association with aggression and alcohol misuse. MRI analyses have found decreased hippocampal volumes in both Type 1 and Type 2 alcoholics. Different mechanisms may account for divergent findings. For example, the duration of alcohol misuse seems relevant to hippocampal deterioration in Type 1 alcoholics, whereas in Type 2 alcoholics, primary psychopathology may be the main driving force behind hippocampal reduction. These findings suggest that in Type 2 alcoholism, hippocampal alterations may relate more to the effects of Antisocial Personality Disorder than alcohol misuse. Other structural investigations reveal that alcohol misuse and a history of violent behavior present with decreased amygdala volumes compared with nonviolent alcoholics, suggesting a potential role of the mesolimbic reward system in mediating aggressive behavior and alcohol misuse. These findings highlight the conjoint effects of neurotransmitter abnormalities, structural, and functional imaging changes, and effects of specific genes that may alter the nature of alcohol consumption on risk for violent behavior.
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corticostriatal connectivity in Antisocial Personality Disorder by mao a genotype and its relationship to aggressive behavior
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2018Co-Authors: Nathan J Kolla, Katharine Dunlop, Jeffrey H Meyer, Jonathan DownarAbstract:Background The influence of genetic variation on resting-state neural networks represents a burgeoning line of inquiry in psychiatric research. Monoamine oxidase A, an X-linked gene, is one example of a molecular target linked to brain activity in psychiatric illness. Monoamine oxidase A genetic variants, including the high and low variable nucleotide tandem repeat polymorphisms, have been shown to differentially affect brain functional connectivity in healthy humans. However, it is currently unknown whether these same polymorphisms influence resting-state brain activity in clinical conditions. Given its high burden on society and strong connection to violent behavior, Antisocial Personality Disorder is a logical condition to study, since in vivo markers of monoamine oxidase A brain enzyme are reduced in key affect-modulating regions, and striatal levels of monoamine oxidase A show a relation with the functional connectivity of this same region. Methods We utilized monoamine oxidase A genotyping and seed-to-voxel-based functional connectivity to investigate the relationship between genotype and corticostriatal connectivity in 21 male participants with severe Antisocial Personality Disorder and 19 male healthy controls. Results Dorsal striatal connectivity to the frontal pole and anterior cingulate gyrus differentiated Antisocial Personality Disorder subjects and healthy controls by monoamine oxidase A genotype. Furthermore, the linear relationship of proactive aggression to superior ventral striatal-angular gyrus functional connectivity differed by monoamine oxidase A genotype in the Antisocial Personality Disorder groups. Conclusions These results suggest that monoamine oxidase A genotype may affect corticostriatal connectivity in Antisocial Personality Disorder and that these functional connections may also underlie use of proactive aggression in a genotype-specific manner.
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Correction to: Monoamine Oxidase a in Antisocial Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder
Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Nathan J Kolla, Sarah A. VinetteAbstract:The article Monoamine Oxidase A in Antisocial Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder, written by Nathan J. Kolla and Sarah A. Vinette, was originally published Online First without open access.
Veena Kumari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neuropsychology and emotion processing in violent individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder or schizophrenia the same or different a systematic review and meta analysis
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Ottilie Sedgwick, David Baumeister, Ben Greer, Mrigendra Das, Susan Young, Veena KumariAbstract:Objectives:To assess whether there are shared or divergent (a) cognitive and (b) emotion processing characteristics among violent individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder and/or schizophrenia, diagnoses which are commonly encountered at the interface of mental Disorder and violence. Cognition and emotion processing are incorporated into models of violence, and thus an understanding of these characteristics within and between Disorder groups may help inform future models and therapeutic targets.Methods:Relevant databases (OVID, Embase, PsycINFO) were searched to identify suitable literature. Meta-analyses comparing cognitive function in violent schizophrenia and Antisocial Personality Disorder to healthy controls were conducted. Neuropsychological studies not comparing these groups to healthy controls, and emotion processing studies, were evaluated qualitatively.Results:Meta-analyses indicated lower IQ, memory and executive function in both violent schizophrenia and Antisocial Personality Disorder ...
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regional cortical thinning in subjects with violent Antisocial Personality Disorder or schizophrenia
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2007Co-Authors: B Veena S M Narayan, Veena Kumari, Katherine L Narr, Roger P Woods, Paul M Thompson, Arthur W Toga, T SharmaAbstract:Violent behavior is associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder and to a lesser extent with schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies have suggested that several biological systems are disturbed in schizophrenia, and structural changes in frontal and temporal lobe regions are reported in both Antisocial Personality Disorder and schizophrenia. The neural substrates that underlie violent behavior specifically and their structural analogs, however, remain poorly understood. Nor is it known whether a common biological basis exists for aggressive, impulsive, and violent behavior across these clinical populations. To explore the correlates of violence with brain structure in Antisocial Personality Disorder and schizophrenia, the authors used magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate for the first time, to the authors' knowledge, regional differences in cortical thickness in violent and nonviolent individuals with schizophrenia and/or Antisocial Personality Disorder and in healthy comparison subjects. Subject groups included right-handed men closely matched for demographic variables (total number of subjects=56). Violence was associated with cortical thinning in the medial inferior frontal and lateral sensory motor cortex, particularly in the right hemisphere, and surrounding association areas (Brodmann's areas 10, 11, 12, and 32). Only violent subjects with Antisocial Personality Disorder exhibited cortical thinning in inferior mesial frontal cortices. The biological underpinnings of violent behavior may therefore vary between these two violent subject groups in which the medial frontal cortex is compromised in Antisocial Personality Disorder exclusively, but laminar abnormalities in sensorimotor cortices may relate to violent behavior in both Antisocial Personality Disorder and schizophrenia.
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volumetric structural brain abnormalities in men with schizophrenia or Antisocial Personality Disorder
Behavioural Brain Research, 2006Co-Authors: Ian Barkataki, Mrigendra Das, Veena Kumari, Pamela J Taylor, T SharmaAbstract:Brain abnormalities are found in association with Antisocial Personality Disorder and schizophrenia, the two mental Disorders most implicated in violent behaviour. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the whole brain, cerebellum, temporal lobe, lateral ventricles, caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and the prefrontal, pre-motor, sensorimotor, occipito-parietal regions in 13 men with Antisocial Personality Disorder, 13 men with schizophrenia and a history of violence, 15 men with schizophrenia without violent history and 15 healthy non-violent men. Compared to controls, the Antisocial Personality Disorder group displayed reductions in whole brain volume and temporal lobe as well as increases in putamen volume. Both schizophrenia groups regardless of violence history exhibited increased lateral ventricle volume, while the schizophrenia group with violent history showed further abnormalities including reduced whole brain and hippocampal volumes and increased putamen size. The findings suggest that individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder as well as those with schizophrenia and a history of violence have common neural abnormalities, but also show neuro-anatomical differences. The processes by which they came to apparently common ground may, however, differ. The finding of temporal lobe reductions prevalent among those with Antisocial Personality Disorder and hippocampal reduction in the violent men with schizophrenia contributes support for the importance of this region in mediating violent behaviour.
Gerard F Moeller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aggression impulsivity and psychopathic traits in combined Antisocial Personality Disorder and substance use Disorder
Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2013Co-Authors: Joseph L Alcorn, Alan C Swann, Gerard F Moeller, Joshua L Gowin, Charles Green, Scott D LaneAbstract:Aggression, impulsivity, and psychopathic traits are prominent in both Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and substance use Disorders (SUD), but have rarely been examined collectively. The authors' results show that all three variables were elevated in adults with comorbid ASPD/SUD, relative to SUD-only and control subjects.
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trait impulsivity and response inhibition in Antisocial Personality Disorder
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2009Co-Authors: Alan C Swann, Marijn Lijffijt, Scott D Lane, Joel L Steinberg, Gerard F MoellerAbstract:Background Impulsive behavior is a prominent characteristic of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Impulsivity is a complex construct, however, representing distinct domains of cognition and action. Leading models refer to impulsivity as an inability to evaluate a stimulus fully before responding to it (rapid-response impulsivity), and as an inability to delay responding despite a larger reward (reward-delay impulsivity). We investigated these models in terms of the diagnosis and severity of Antisocial Personality Disorder.
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increased impulsivity in cocaine dependent subjects independent of Antisocial Personality Disorder and aggression
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2002Co-Authors: Gerard F Moeller, Donald M Dougherty, Ernest S Barratt, Victor Oderinde, Charles W Mathias, Andrew R Harper, Alan C SwannAbstract:Several previous studies show a relationship between impulsivity and substance abuse; however, it is unclear whether the increased impulsivity seen in substance dependent groups is specifically related to substance abuse, or if it is due to concomitant Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) or aggression. The issue of whether impulsivity is specifically related to substance abuse is important since it has a bearing on risk factors for development of substance abuse. To determine whether cocaine dependent subjects show increased impulsivity independent of ASPD, the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), a delayed reward laboratory measure of impulsivity, and the life history of aggression scale were administered to 49 cocaine dependent subjects and 25 controls. Results showed that cocaine dependent subjects with ASPD were more impulsive and aggressive than controls, but cocaine dependent subjects without ASPD were also more impulsive compared to controls. Controlling for aggression history, cocaine dependent subjects without ASPD continued to have elevated impulsivity as measured by the BIS-11, but not the delayed reward task. This study supports the hypothesis that the increased impulsivity as measured by the BIS-11 in cocaine dependent individuals is not exclusively due to concomitant increases in aggression or ASPD.