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Shengyang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genotoxic teratotoxic and oral toxic assessments of Antrodia cinnamomea health food product leader deluxe Antrodia cinnamomea
Toxicology reports, 2015Co-Authors: Chinchung Lin, Yuehhsiung Kuo, K Senthil J Kumar, Jiunnwang Liao, Shengyang WangAbstract:Antrodia cinnamomea is a rare and endemic medicinal mushroom native to Taiwan. The pharmacological effects of A. cinnamomea have been extensively studied. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxic, oral toxic and teratotoxic effects of A. cinnamomea health food product ⿿Leader Deluxe Antrodia cinnamomea (LDAC)⿿⿿ using in vitro and in vivo tests. The Ames test with 5 strains of Salmonella typhimurium showed no signs of increased reverse mutation upon exposure to LDAC up to concentration of 5 mg/plate. Exposure of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO-K1) to LDAC did not produce an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberration in vitro. In addition, LDAC treatment did not affect the proportions of immature to total erythrocytes and the number of micronuclei in the immature erythrocytes of ICR mice. Moreover, 14-days single-dose acute toxicity and 90-days repeated oral dose toxicity tests with rats showed that no observable adverse effects were found. Furthermore, after treatment with LDAC (700⿿2800 mg/kg/day) there was no evidence of observable segment II reproductive and developmental toxic effects in pregnant SD rats and their fetuses. These toxicological assessments support the safety of LDAC for human consumption.
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genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea for its metabolite biosynthesis and sexual development
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014Co-Authors: Wenlang Fan, Fanghua Chu, Shengyang Wang, Tun Tschu Chang, Woeifuh Wang, Tingchun Chen, Yiching Tang, Yihua Chen, Zeshiang Lin, Kaijung YangAbstract:Antrodia cinnamomea , a polyporus mushroom of Taiwan, has long been used as a remedy for cancer, hypertension, and hangover, with an annual market of over $100 million (US) in Taiwan. We obtained a 32.15-Mb genome draft containing 9,254 genes. Genome ontology enrichment and pathway analyses shed light on sexual development and the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, ergostanes, antroquinonol, and antrocamphin. We identified genes differentially expressed between mycelium and fruiting body and 242 proteins in the mevalonate pathway, terpenoid pathways, cytochrome P450s, and polyketide synthases, which may contribute to the production of medicinal secondary metabolites. Genes of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways showed expression enrichment for tissue-specific compounds, including 14-α-demethylase (CYP51F1) in fruiting body for converting lanostane to ergostane triterpenoids, coenzymes Q (COQ) for antroquinonol biosynthesis in mycelium, and polyketide synthase for antrocamphin biosynthesis in fruiting body. Our data will be useful for developing a strategy to increase the production of useful metabolites.
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metabolite profiles for Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting bodies harvested at different culture ages and from different wood substrates
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Tingyu Lin, Chiehyin Chen, Shihchang Chien, Wenwei Hsiao, Fanghua Chu, Chinchung Lin, Jeifu O Shaw, Shengyang WangAbstract:Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious edible fungus endemic to Taiwan that has long been used as a folk remedy for healthpromotionandfortreatingvariousdiseases.Inthisstudy,anindexof13representativemetabolitesfromtheethanolextractof A. cinnamomea fruiting body was established for use in quality evaluation. Most of the index compounds selected, particularly the ergostane-typetriterpenoidsandpolyacetylenes,possessgoodanti-inflammationactivity.Acomparisonofthemetaboliteprofilesof different ethanol extracts from A. cinnamomea strains showed silmilar metabolites when the strains were grown on the original host wood (Cinnamomum kanehirai) and harvested after the same culture time period (9 months). Furthermore, the amounts of typical ergostane-type triterpenoids in A. cinnamomea increased with culture age. Culture substrates also influenced metabolite synthesis; with the same culture age, A. cinnamomea grown on the original host wood produced a richer array of metabolites than A. cinnamomea cultured on other wood species. We conclude that analysis of a fixed group of compounds including triterpenoids, benzolics, and polyacetylenes constitutes a suitable, reliable system to evaluate the quality of ethanol extract from A. cinnamomea fruitingbodies.TheevaluationsystemestablishedinthisstudymayprovideaplatformforanalysisoftheproductsofA.cinnamomea.
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antroquinonol from ethanolic extract of mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea protects hepatic cells from ethanol induced oxidative stress through nrf 2 activation
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: K Senthil J Kumar, Fanghua Chu, Shengyang Wang, Hanwen Hsieh, Jiunnwang Liao, Johnson Chinchung Lin, Jeifu ShawAbstract:Abstract Aim of the study In recent years, the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea, known as “niu-chang chih” has received much attention with regard to its possible health benefits; especially its hepatoprotective effects against various drugs, toxins, and alcohol induced liver diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect of Antrodia cinnamomea and its active compound antroquinonol was poorly understood. In the present study we evaluated to understand the hepatoprotective efficacy of antroquinonol and ethanolic extracts of mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea (EMAC) in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods The protective mechanism of antroquinonol and EMAC against ethanol-induced oxidative stress was investigated in cultured human hepatoma HepG2 cells and ICR mice model, respectively. HepG2 cells were pretreated with antroquinonol (1–20 μM) and oxidative stress was induced by ethanol (100 mM). Meanwhile, male ICR mice were pretreated with EMAC for 10 days and hepatotoxicity was generated by the addition of ethanol (5 g/kg). Hepatic enzymes, cytokines and chemokines were determined using commercially available assay kits. Western blotting and real-time PCR were subjected to analyze HO-1 and Nr-2 expression. EMSA was performed to monitor Nrf-2 ARE binding activity. Possible changes in hepatic lesion were observed using histopathological analysis. Results Antroquinonol pretreatment significantly inhibited ethanol-induced AST, ALT, ROS, NO, MDA production and GSH depletion in HepG2 cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that antroquinonol enhanced Nrf-2 activation and its downstream antioxidant gene HO-1 via MAPK pathway. This mechanism was then confirmed in vivo in an acute ethanol intoxicated mouse model: serum ALT and AST production, hepatocellular lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion was prevented by EMAC in a dose-dependent manner. EMAC significantly enhanced HO-1 and Nrf-2 activation via MAPKs consistent with in vitro studies. Ethanol-induced hepatic swelling and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was significantly inhibited by EMAC in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions These results provide a scientific basis for the hepatoprotective effects of Antrodia cinnamomea. Data also imply that antroquinonol, a potent bioactive compound may be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity of Antrodia cinnamomea. Moreover, the present study highly supported our traditional knowledge that Antrodia cinnamomea as a potential candidate for the treatment of alcoholic liver diseases.
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characterization and heterologous expression of a novel lysophospholipase gene from Antrodia cinnamomea
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Fanghua Chu, Shengyang Wang, Kenghao Hsu, Jeifu ShawAbstract:Aims: A novel lysophospholipase (LysoPL) from the basidiomycetous fungi Antrodia cinnamomea named ACLysoPL was cloned, heteroexpressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. Methods and Results: The gene encoding ACLysoPL was obtained from expressed sequence tags from A. cinnamomea. The full length of this gene has a 945 -bp open reading frame encoding 314 amino acids with a molecular weight of 35·5 kDa. ACLysoPL contains a lipase consensus sequence (GXSXG) motif and a Ser–His–Asp catalytic triad. A putative peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 was found in the C-terminal. Heterologous expression of ACLysoPL in E. coli showed that the enzyme preferentially hydrolyses long-chain acyl esterases at pH 7 and 30°C. ACLysoPL is a psychrophilic enzyme about 40% of whose maximum activity remained at 4°C. The LysoPL activities with lysophospholipids as substrate were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Conclusion: We have identified and characterized a gene named ACLysoPL encoding a protein performing LysoPL and esterase activities. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first LysoPL of A. cinnamomea identified and characterized at the molecular level.
Otto Miettinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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studies in the Antrodia serialis group polyporales basidiomycota
Mycologia, 2017Co-Authors: Viacheslav Spirin, Josef Vlasak, Otto MiettinenAbstract:ABSTRACTTaxonomy and phylogeny of the Antrodia serialis group are revised with morphological, ecological, and geographic data, partial translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) gene sequences, and nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S sequences. The group contains 13 species found in boreal and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. The species are limited to certain geographic areas within Eurasia and North America. The traditional morphology-based concept of A. serialis covers at least four closely related species: A. serialis s. str. in Eurasia, A. angusta, sp. nov., in East Asia, A. serrata, sp. nov., in the American Northeast, and A. calcitrosa, sp. nov., in the American Northwest. They all are associated mostly with Picea spp. and show small, but stable morphological differences from each other. In addition, A. morganii, comb. nov., inhabiting wood of Populus spp., occurs in North America, and Antrodia alaskana, comb. nov., a large-pored species, macroscopically similar to A. variiformis, is distributed a...
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Hidden diversity in the Antrodia malicola group (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)
Mycological Progress, 2016Co-Authors: Viacheslav Spirin, Heikki Kotiranta, Josef Vlasak, Bernard Rivoire, Otto MiettinenAbstract:Taxonomy of the Antrodia malicola group is revised based on DNA, morphological, ecological, and geographic data. This species complex is not related to Antrodia s. str. but constitutes its own lineage within the large Fomitopsis – Daedalea clade. The A. malicola group includes five species. Antrodia malicola s. str. is distributed in North America and East Asia, and a few records of this species are reported from Azores and Africa. Its European counterpart is A. kuzyana , comb. nova, with wider pores. Infraspecific variability of A. malicola and possible gene flow between it and A. kuzyana in East Asia are detected based on tef1 sequence data. Antrodia cyclopis , sp. nova, is described as a large-spored relative of A. malicola from New Guinea. Antrodia minuta is reported here from several European countries and Siberia, and its morphological characters and host preferences are discussed. Its close relative is A. tuvensis , sp. nova, from Central Siberia, an unusual member of the group with sparse, flexuous skeletal hyphae.
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species diversity in the Antrodia crassa group polyporales basidiomycota
Fungal Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Viacheslav Spirin, Otto Miettinen, Kadri Runnel, Josef Vlasak, Kadri PoldmaaAbstract:Antrodia is a polyphyletic genus, comprising brown-rot polypores with annual or short-lived perennial resupinate, dimitic basidiocarps. Here we focus on species that are closely related to Antrodia crassa, and investigate their phylogeny and species delimitation using geographic, ecological, morphological and molecular data (ITS and LSU rDNA, tef1). Phylogenetic analyses distinguished four clades within the monophyletic group of eleven conifer-inhabiting species (five described herein): (1)A. crassa s. str. (boreal Eurasia), Antrodia cincta sp. nova (North America) and Antrodia cretacea sp. nova (holarctic), all three being characterized by inamyloid skeletal hyphae that dissolve quickly in KOH solution; (2) Antrodia ignobilis sp. nova, Antrodia sitchensis and Antrodia sordida from North America, and Antrodia piceata sp. nova (previously considered conspecific with A. sitchensis) from Eurasia, possessing amyloid skeletal hyphae; (3) Antrodia ladiana sp. nova from the southern part of the USA, Antrodia pinea from East Asia, and Antrodia ferox - so far known from subtropical North America, but here reported also from Eurasia. These three species have inamyloid hyphae and narrow basidiospores; (4) the North American Antrodia pini-cubensis, sharing similar morphological characters with A. pinea, forming a separate clade. The habitat data indicate that several species are threatened by intensive forestry.
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a phylogenetic overview of the Antrodia clade basidiomycota polyporales
Mycologia, 2013Co-Authors: Beatriz Ortizsantana, Otto Miettinen, Daniel L Lindner, Alfredo Justo, David S HibbettAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Antrodia clade were investigated with molecular data from two nuclear ribosomal DNA regions, LSU and ITS. A total of 123 species representing 26 genera producing a brown rot were included in the present study. Three DNA datasets (combined LSU-ITS dataset, LSU dataset, ITS dataset) comprising sequences of 449 isolates were evaluated with three different phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference). We present a phylogenetic overview of the five main groups recovered: the fibroporia, laetiporus, postia, laricifomes and core Antrodia groups. Not all of the main groups received strong support in the analyses, requiring further research. We were able to identify a number of well supported clades within the main groups.
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syzygospora lapponica sp nova syzygosporaceae heterobasidiomycetes from finland
Acta Mycologica, 2006Co-Authors: Heikki Kotiranta, Otto MiettinenAbstract:A new Syzygospora species from Finland, S. lapponica is described and illustrated. The hitherto collections derive from Finnish Lapland and the species is apparently a mycoparasite of the rare old-growth forest dwelling polypore Antrodia infirma . The new species deviates from other species in the genus in having cylindrical, slightly bent spores and having a polypore as the host.
Fanghua Chu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea for its metabolite biosynthesis and sexual development
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014Co-Authors: Wenlang Fan, Fanghua Chu, Shengyang Wang, Tun Tschu Chang, Woeifuh Wang, Tingchun Chen, Yiching Tang, Yihua Chen, Zeshiang Lin, Kaijung YangAbstract:Antrodia cinnamomea , a polyporus mushroom of Taiwan, has long been used as a remedy for cancer, hypertension, and hangover, with an annual market of over $100 million (US) in Taiwan. We obtained a 32.15-Mb genome draft containing 9,254 genes. Genome ontology enrichment and pathway analyses shed light on sexual development and the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, ergostanes, antroquinonol, and antrocamphin. We identified genes differentially expressed between mycelium and fruiting body and 242 proteins in the mevalonate pathway, terpenoid pathways, cytochrome P450s, and polyketide synthases, which may contribute to the production of medicinal secondary metabolites. Genes of secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways showed expression enrichment for tissue-specific compounds, including 14-α-demethylase (CYP51F1) in fruiting body for converting lanostane to ergostane triterpenoids, coenzymes Q (COQ) for antroquinonol biosynthesis in mycelium, and polyketide synthase for antrocamphin biosynthesis in fruiting body. Our data will be useful for developing a strategy to increase the production of useful metabolites.
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metabolite profiles for Antrodia cinnamomea fruiting bodies harvested at different culture ages and from different wood substrates
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Tingyu Lin, Chiehyin Chen, Shihchang Chien, Wenwei Hsiao, Fanghua Chu, Chinchung Lin, Jeifu O Shaw, Shengyang WangAbstract:Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious edible fungus endemic to Taiwan that has long been used as a folk remedy for healthpromotionandfortreatingvariousdiseases.Inthisstudy,anindexof13representativemetabolitesfromtheethanolextractof A. cinnamomea fruiting body was established for use in quality evaluation. Most of the index compounds selected, particularly the ergostane-typetriterpenoidsandpolyacetylenes,possessgoodanti-inflammationactivity.Acomparisonofthemetaboliteprofilesof different ethanol extracts from A. cinnamomea strains showed silmilar metabolites when the strains were grown on the original host wood (Cinnamomum kanehirai) and harvested after the same culture time period (9 months). Furthermore, the amounts of typical ergostane-type triterpenoids in A. cinnamomea increased with culture age. Culture substrates also influenced metabolite synthesis; with the same culture age, A. cinnamomea grown on the original host wood produced a richer array of metabolites than A. cinnamomea cultured on other wood species. We conclude that analysis of a fixed group of compounds including triterpenoids, benzolics, and polyacetylenes constitutes a suitable, reliable system to evaluate the quality of ethanol extract from A. cinnamomea fruitingbodies.TheevaluationsystemestablishedinthisstudymayprovideaplatformforanalysisoftheproductsofA.cinnamomea.
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antroquinonol from ethanolic extract of mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea protects hepatic cells from ethanol induced oxidative stress through nrf 2 activation
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: K Senthil J Kumar, Fanghua Chu, Shengyang Wang, Hanwen Hsieh, Jiunnwang Liao, Johnson Chinchung Lin, Jeifu ShawAbstract:Abstract Aim of the study In recent years, the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea, known as “niu-chang chih” has received much attention with regard to its possible health benefits; especially its hepatoprotective effects against various drugs, toxins, and alcohol induced liver diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this protective effect of Antrodia cinnamomea and its active compound antroquinonol was poorly understood. In the present study we evaluated to understand the hepatoprotective efficacy of antroquinonol and ethanolic extracts of mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea (EMAC) in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods The protective mechanism of antroquinonol and EMAC against ethanol-induced oxidative stress was investigated in cultured human hepatoma HepG2 cells and ICR mice model, respectively. HepG2 cells were pretreated with antroquinonol (1–20 μM) and oxidative stress was induced by ethanol (100 mM). Meanwhile, male ICR mice were pretreated with EMAC for 10 days and hepatotoxicity was generated by the addition of ethanol (5 g/kg). Hepatic enzymes, cytokines and chemokines were determined using commercially available assay kits. Western blotting and real-time PCR were subjected to analyze HO-1 and Nr-2 expression. EMSA was performed to monitor Nrf-2 ARE binding activity. Possible changes in hepatic lesion were observed using histopathological analysis. Results Antroquinonol pretreatment significantly inhibited ethanol-induced AST, ALT, ROS, NO, MDA production and GSH depletion in HepG2 cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that antroquinonol enhanced Nrf-2 activation and its downstream antioxidant gene HO-1 via MAPK pathway. This mechanism was then confirmed in vivo in an acute ethanol intoxicated mouse model: serum ALT and AST production, hepatocellular lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion was prevented by EMAC in a dose-dependent manner. EMAC significantly enhanced HO-1 and Nrf-2 activation via MAPKs consistent with in vitro studies. Ethanol-induced hepatic swelling and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was significantly inhibited by EMAC in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions These results provide a scientific basis for the hepatoprotective effects of Antrodia cinnamomea. Data also imply that antroquinonol, a potent bioactive compound may be responsible for the hepatoprotective activity of Antrodia cinnamomea. Moreover, the present study highly supported our traditional knowledge that Antrodia cinnamomea as a potential candidate for the treatment of alcoholic liver diseases.
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characterization and heterologous expression of a novel lysophospholipase gene from Antrodia cinnamomea
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Fanghua Chu, Shengyang Wang, Kenghao Hsu, Jeifu ShawAbstract:Aims: A novel lysophospholipase (LysoPL) from the basidiomycetous fungi Antrodia cinnamomea named ACLysoPL was cloned, heteroexpressed in Escherichia coli and characterized. Methods and Results: The gene encoding ACLysoPL was obtained from expressed sequence tags from A. cinnamomea. The full length of this gene has a 945 -bp open reading frame encoding 314 amino acids with a molecular weight of 35·5 kDa. ACLysoPL contains a lipase consensus sequence (GXSXG) motif and a Ser–His–Asp catalytic triad. A putative peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 was found in the C-terminal. Heterologous expression of ACLysoPL in E. coli showed that the enzyme preferentially hydrolyses long-chain acyl esterases at pH 7 and 30°C. ACLysoPL is a psychrophilic enzyme about 40% of whose maximum activity remained at 4°C. The LysoPL activities with lysophospholipids as substrate were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Conclusion: We have identified and characterized a gene named ACLysoPL encoding a protein performing LysoPL and esterase activities. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first LysoPL of A. cinnamomea identified and characterized at the molecular level.
Viacheslav Spirin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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studies in the Antrodia serialis group polyporales basidiomycota
Mycologia, 2017Co-Authors: Viacheslav Spirin, Josef Vlasak, Otto MiettinenAbstract:ABSTRACTTaxonomy and phylogeny of the Antrodia serialis group are revised with morphological, ecological, and geographic data, partial translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) gene sequences, and nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S sequences. The group contains 13 species found in boreal and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. The species are limited to certain geographic areas within Eurasia and North America. The traditional morphology-based concept of A. serialis covers at least four closely related species: A. serialis s. str. in Eurasia, A. angusta, sp. nov., in East Asia, A. serrata, sp. nov., in the American Northeast, and A. calcitrosa, sp. nov., in the American Northwest. They all are associated mostly with Picea spp. and show small, but stable morphological differences from each other. In addition, A. morganii, comb. nov., inhabiting wood of Populus spp., occurs in North America, and Antrodia alaskana, comb. nov., a large-pored species, macroscopically similar to A. variiformis, is distributed a...
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Hidden diversity in the Antrodia malicola group (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)
Mycological Progress, 2016Co-Authors: Viacheslav Spirin, Heikki Kotiranta, Josef Vlasak, Bernard Rivoire, Otto MiettinenAbstract:Taxonomy of the Antrodia malicola group is revised based on DNA, morphological, ecological, and geographic data. This species complex is not related to Antrodia s. str. but constitutes its own lineage within the large Fomitopsis – Daedalea clade. The A. malicola group includes five species. Antrodia malicola s. str. is distributed in North America and East Asia, and a few records of this species are reported from Azores and Africa. Its European counterpart is A. kuzyana , comb. nova, with wider pores. Infraspecific variability of A. malicola and possible gene flow between it and A. kuzyana in East Asia are detected based on tef1 sequence data. Antrodia cyclopis , sp. nova, is described as a large-spored relative of A. malicola from New Guinea. Antrodia minuta is reported here from several European countries and Siberia, and its morphological characters and host preferences are discussed. Its close relative is A. tuvensis , sp. nova, from Central Siberia, an unusual member of the group with sparse, flexuous skeletal hyphae.
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species diversity in the Antrodia crassa group polyporales basidiomycota
Fungal Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Viacheslav Spirin, Otto Miettinen, Kadri Runnel, Josef Vlasak, Kadri PoldmaaAbstract:Antrodia is a polyphyletic genus, comprising brown-rot polypores with annual or short-lived perennial resupinate, dimitic basidiocarps. Here we focus on species that are closely related to Antrodia crassa, and investigate their phylogeny and species delimitation using geographic, ecological, morphological and molecular data (ITS and LSU rDNA, tef1). Phylogenetic analyses distinguished four clades within the monophyletic group of eleven conifer-inhabiting species (five described herein): (1)A. crassa s. str. (boreal Eurasia), Antrodia cincta sp. nova (North America) and Antrodia cretacea sp. nova (holarctic), all three being characterized by inamyloid skeletal hyphae that dissolve quickly in KOH solution; (2) Antrodia ignobilis sp. nova, Antrodia sitchensis and Antrodia sordida from North America, and Antrodia piceata sp. nova (previously considered conspecific with A. sitchensis) from Eurasia, possessing amyloid skeletal hyphae; (3) Antrodia ladiana sp. nova from the southern part of the USA, Antrodia pinea from East Asia, and Antrodia ferox - so far known from subtropical North America, but here reported also from Eurasia. These three species have inamyloid hyphae and narrow basidiospores; (4) the North American Antrodia pini-cubensis, sharing similar morphological characters with A. pinea, forming a separate clade. The habitat data indicate that several species are threatened by intensive forestry.
Yuehhsiung Kuo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antcins, triterpenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea, as new agonists for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
'Elsevier BV', 2019Co-Authors: Yu-jen Wang, Yuehhsiung Kuo, Shih-chin Lee, Chun-hua Hsu, Chien-chih Yang, Fu-jung LinAbstract:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear hormone receptor that transcriptionally regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation; therefore, PPARα agonists are promising agents to treat dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders. PPARα full agonists, such as fibrates, are effective anti-hypertriglyceride agents, but their use is limited by adverse side effects. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify small molecules that can activate PPARα while minimizing the adverse effects. Antrodia cinnamomea, a rare medical mushroom, has been used widely in Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases, including liver diseases. Antcin B, H and K (antcins) and ergostatrien-3β-ol (EK100) are bioactive compounds isolated from A. cinnamomea with anti-inflammatory actions. Antcins, ergostane-type triterpenoids, contain the polar head with carboxylate group and the sterol-based body. Here, we showed at the first time that sterol-based compounds, antcins, but not EK100, activate PPARα in a cell-based transactivation study. The in silico docking studies presented several significant molecular interactions of antcins, including Tyr314, and His440 in the ligand-binding domain of PPARα, and these interactions are required for helix 12 (H12) stabilization. We propose that PPARα activation activity of antcins is related to their binding mode which requires conventional H12 stabilization, and that antcins can be developed as safe selective PPARα modulators. Keywords: Antrodia cinnamomea, Drug discovery, Metabolism, Nuclear receptor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
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genotoxic teratotoxic and oral toxic assessments of Antrodia cinnamomea health food product leader deluxe Antrodia cinnamomea
Toxicology reports, 2015Co-Authors: Chinchung Lin, Yuehhsiung Kuo, K Senthil J Kumar, Jiunnwang Liao, Shengyang WangAbstract:Antrodia cinnamomea is a rare and endemic medicinal mushroom native to Taiwan. The pharmacological effects of A. cinnamomea have been extensively studied. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxic, oral toxic and teratotoxic effects of A. cinnamomea health food product ⿿Leader Deluxe Antrodia cinnamomea (LDAC)⿿⿿ using in vitro and in vivo tests. The Ames test with 5 strains of Salmonella typhimurium showed no signs of increased reverse mutation upon exposure to LDAC up to concentration of 5 mg/plate. Exposure of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO-K1) to LDAC did not produce an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberration in vitro. In addition, LDAC treatment did not affect the proportions of immature to total erythrocytes and the number of micronuclei in the immature erythrocytes of ICR mice. Moreover, 14-days single-dose acute toxicity and 90-days repeated oral dose toxicity tests with rats showed that no observable adverse effects were found. Furthermore, after treatment with LDAC (700⿿2800 mg/kg/day) there was no evidence of observable segment II reproductive and developmental toxic effects in pregnant SD rats and their fetuses. These toxicological assessments support the safety of LDAC for human consumption.
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protective effect of antrosterol from Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth against carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury in mice
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Guanjhong Huang, Yiyuan Shao, Jengshyan Deng, Shyhshyun Huang, Chinchu Chen, Yuehhsiung KuoAbstract:The hepatoprotective potential of antrosterol (ergostatrien-3b-ol, ST1) from Antrodia camphorata (AC) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage was evaluated in preventive models in mice. Pretreatment with ST1 markedly prevented the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and liver lipid peroxides in CCl4-treated mice. The activities of antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were significantly increased after treatment with CCl4 in vivo. In addition, ST1 decreased the level of nitric oxide (NO) production and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in CCl4-treated mice. In this study, these results pointed out that ST1 can inhibit lipid peroxidation, enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes, decreases the TNF-a level, nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions. Therefore, it was speculated that ST1 protects mice from liver damage through their anti-inflammation capacity.
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the 4 acetylantroquinonol b isolated from mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea inhibits proliferation of hepatoma cells
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2010Co-Authors: Yuwei Lin, Yuehhsiung Kuo, Jihhung Pan, Rui Hai Liu, Leeyen Sheen, Beenhuang ChiangAbstract:BACKGROUND:Antrodia cinnamomea is known for its antihepatoma activity, yet the identity of its active compound was unclear. In this study, a 5-ton fermenter was used to prepare sufficient mycelium of A. cinnamomea for active compound isolation and identification. RESULTS: Using antiproliferative activity toward HepG2 cells as guidance in the isolation process, 4-acetylantroquinonol B was purified and identified to be the major bioactive compound of A. cinnamomea cultivated by submerged fermentation. The median effective doses (EC50) of 4-acetylantroquinonol B for HepG2 cells were 0.10 ± 0.00 and 0.08 ± 0.00 µg mL−1 for 72 and 96 h treatments, respectively. The selective indices of 4-acetylantroquinonol B were 100 and 125 for 72 and 96 h treatments, respectively, indicating that this compound had high selective activity for hepatoma cells. CONCLUSION: 4-Acetylantroquinonol B is the major antihepatoma constituent of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium produced by submerged fermentation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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new constituents with inos inhibitory activity from mycelium of Antrodia camphorata
Planta Medica, 2009Co-Authors: Siensing Yang, Gueijane Wang, Shiangyi Wang, Yuying Lin, Yuehhsiung Kuo, Tzong-huei LeeAbstract:In continuing our investigation on the bioactive constituents of mycelium of Antrodia camphorata, antroquinonol B (1), 4-acetyl-antroquinonol B (2), 2,3-(methylenedioxy)-6-methylbenzene-1,4-diol (3) and 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-di- " Antrodia camphorata l " Polyporaceae l " mycelium