The Experts below are selected from a list of 369 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jesu Arockiaraj - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A comparative transcriptome approach for identification of molecular changes in Aphanomyces Invadans infected Channa striatus
    Molecular Biology Reports, 2018
    Co-Authors: Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Aziz Arshad, S. M. Nurul Amin, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Snakehead murrel, Channa striatus is an economically important aquatic species in Asia and are widely cultured and captured because of its nutritious and medicinal values. Their growth is predominantly affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) which is primarily caused by an oomycete fungus, Aphanomyces Invadans . However, the molecular mechanism of immune response in murrel against this infection is still not clear. In this study, transcriptome technique was used to understand the molecular changes involved in C. striatus during A. Invadans infection. RNA from the control (CF) and infected fish (IF) groups were sequenced using Illumina Hi-seq sequencing technology. For control group, 28,952,608 clean reads were generated and de novo assembly was performed to produce 60,753 contigs. For fungus infected group, 25,470,920 clean reads were obtained and assembled to produce 58,654 contigs. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 146 genes were up-regulated and 486 genes were down regulated. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in innate immune mechanism such as pathogen recognition, signalling and antimicrobial mechanisms. Interestingly, few adaptive immune genes, especially immunoglobulins were also significantly up regulated during fungal infection. Also, the results were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. These results indicated the involvement of various immune genes involved in both innate and adaptive immune mechanism during fungal infection in C. striatus which provide new insights into murrel immune mechanisms against A. Invadans .

  • A mini review on immune role of chemokines and its receptors in snakehead murrel Channa striatus
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Prasanth Bhatt, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Aziz Arshad, S. M. Nurul Amin, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, Rajesh Palanisamy, Gayathri Ravichandran, Kanchana Mala, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Chemokines are ubiquitous cytokine molecules involved in migration of cells during inflammation and normal physiological processes. Though the study on chemokines in mammalian species like humans have been extensively studied, characterization of chemokines in teleost fishes is still in the early stage. The present review provides an overview of chemokines and its receptors in a teleost fish, Channa striatus. C. striatus is an air breathing freshwater carnivore, which has enormous economic importance. This species is affected by an oomycete fungus, Aphanomyces Invadans and a Gram negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is known to cause secondary infection. These pathogens impose immune changes in the host organism, which in turn mounts several immune responses. Of these, the role of cytokines in the immune response is immense, due to their involvement in several activities of inflammation such as cell trafficking to the site of inflammation and antigen presentation. Given that importance, chemokines in fishes do have significant role in the immunological and other physiological functions of the organism, hence there is a need to understand the characteristics, activities and performace of these small molecules in details.

  • Bactericidal activity of fish galectin 4 derived membrane-binding peptide tagged with oligotryptophan
    Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abirami Arasu, Munuswamy Ramanujam Ganesh, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Galectins belong to the family of galactoside-binding proteins which act as pathogen recognition receptors by recognizing and binding to the carbohydrate present in the bacterial membranes. In this study, a Galectin-4 sequence was identified from the constructed cDNA library of Channa striatus and its structural features were reported. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsGal4 was highly expressed in liver and strongly induced by Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) causing pathogens such as Aphanomyces Invadans, Aeromonas hydrophila and a viral analogue, poly I:C. To understand the antimicrobial role of putative dimerization site of CsGal4, the region was chemically synthesized and its bactericidal effect was determined. G4 peptide exhibited a weak bactericidal activity against Vibrio harveyi, an important aquaculture pathogen. We have also determined the bactericidal activity of the dimerization site by tagging pentamer oligotryptophan (W5) at the C-terminal of G4 peptide. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that G4W induced drastic reduction in cell counts than G4. Electron microscopic images showed membrane blebbings in V. harveyi which indicated the membrane disrupting activity of G4W. Interestingly, both the peptides did not exhibit any hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity towards peripheral blood cells of Channa striatus and the activity was specific only towards the bacterial membrane. Our results suggested that addition of W5 at the C-terminal of membrane-binding peptide remarkably improved its membrane disrupting activity.

  • Bacterial membrane binding and pore formation abilities of carbohydrate recognition domain of fish lectin
    Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Abirami Arasu, Munuswamy Ramanujam Ganesh, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Rajesh Palanisamy, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate molecules that are found in a wide variety of species ranging from bacteria to humans. In recent years, excessive usage of antibiotics resulted in development of multi-drug resistant pathogens which made researchers to focus on AMPs as potential substitute for antibiotics. Lily type mannose-binding lectin is an extended super-family of structurally and evolutionarily related sugar binding proteins. These lectins are well-known AMPs which play important roles in fish defense mechanism. Here, we report a full-length lily type lectin-2 (LTL-2) identified from the cDNA library of striped murrel, Channa striatus (Cs). CsLTL-2 protein contained B-lectin domain along with three carbohydrate binding sites which is a prominent characteristic functional feature of LTL. The mRNA transcripts of CsLTL-2 were predominantly expressed in gills and considerably up-regulated upon infection with fungus (Aphanomyces Invadans) and bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila). To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the carbohydrate binding region of CsLTL-2, the region was synthesized (QP13) and its bactericidal activity was analyzed. In addition, QP13 was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and its binding affinity with the bacterial cell membranes was analyzed. Minimum inhibitory concentration assay revealed that QP13 inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli at a concentration of 80 μM/ml. Confocal microscopic observation showed that FITC tagged QP13 specifically bound to the bacterial membrane. Fluorescence assisted cell sorter (FACS) assay showed that QP13 reduced the bacterial cell count drastically. Therefore, the mechanism of action of QP13 on E. coli cells was determined by propidium iodide internalization assay which confirmed that QP13 induced bacterial membrane disruption. Moreover, the peptide did not show any cytotoxicity towards fish peripheral blood leucocytes. Taken together, these results support the potentiality of QP13 that can be used as an antimicrobial agent against the tested pathogens.

  • Coagulation profile, gene expression and bioinformatics characterization of coagulation factor X of striped murrel Channa striatus
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Abirami Arasu, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Akila Sathyamoorthi, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract A transcriptome wide analysis of the constructed cDNA library of snakehead murrel Channa striatus revealed a full length cDNA sequence of coagulation factor X. Sequence analysis of C . striatus coagulation factor X ( Cs FX) showed that the cDNA contained 1232 base pairs (bp) comprising 1209 bp open reading frame (ORF). The ORF region encodes 424 amino acids with a molecular mass of 59 kDa. The polypeptide contains γ-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) rich domain and two epidermal growth factor (EGF) like domains including EGF-CA domain and serine proteases trypsin signature profile. Cs FX exhibited the maximum similarity with fish species such as Stegastes partitus (78%), Poecilia formosa (76%) and Cynoglossus semilaevis (74%). Phylogenetically, Cs FX is clustered together with the fish group belonging to Actinopterygii . Secondary structure of factor X includes alpha helix 28.54%, extended strand 20.75%, beta turn 7.78% and random coil 42.92%. A predicted 3D model of Cs FX revealed a short α-helix and a Ca 2+ (Gla domain) binding site in the coil. Four disulfide bridges were found in serine protease trypsin profile. Obviously, the highest gene expression (P  Cs FX was observed after inducing with bacterial ( Aeromonas hydrophila ) and fungal ( Aphanomyces Invadans ) infections and other synthetic immune stimulants. Variation in blood clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT) and activated prothromboplastin time (APTT) was analyzed and compared between healthy and bacterial infected fishes. During infection, PT and APTT showed a declined clotting time due to the raised level of thrombocytes.

Vellaisamy Kumaresan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Therapeutic Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide (CAP) Derived from Fish Aspartic Proteinase Cathepsin D and its Antimicrobial Mechanism
    International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Akila Sathyamoorthi, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Kasi Marimuthu, Aziz Arshad, S. M. Nurul Amin, Rajesh Palanisamy, Fatimah Md. Yusoff
    Abstract:

    Aquatic organisms are rich in antimicrobial peptides which play key role against pathogens during infections. Cathepsin is one of immune proteases which have been proven with multiple functions including antimicrobial activity, but their role as antimicrobial peptides has not been elucidated so far in aquatic organisms. This study reports the identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from fish cathepsin D. Channa striatus ( Cs ) cathepsin D (Cath D) was identified from its established cDNA library. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to analyze the homology of Cs CathD with other cathepsin. Based on the amino acid propensity scale, two putative antimicrobial regions were identified, synthesized and analyzed for their antimicrobial potency. Gene expression of Cs Cath D and its mRNA pattern upon pathogenic infection was also observed using real time PCR. All the bioinformatics analysis indicated the gene specific characteristic features of Cs Cath D. Cs CathD mRNA expression was highly expressed at 24 h for bacteria ( Aeromonas hydrophila ) and 48 h for fungus ( Aphanomyces Invadans ). The Cs Cath D derived CAPs namely, PL12 and NM12 showed their commendable inhibition towards Bacillus mycoides of the tested bacteria. The cell membrane disruption was observed with PL12 against B. mycoides in flow cytometer. With all proceedings, it is possible to conclude that Cs CathD might be a potent immuno modulator and the reported CAPs could be developed as therapeutic agents to treat bacterial pathogenic infections.

  • A comparative transcriptome approach for identification of molecular changes in Aphanomyces Invadans infected Channa striatus
    Molecular Biology Reports, 2018
    Co-Authors: Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Aziz Arshad, S. M. Nurul Amin, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Snakehead murrel, Channa striatus is an economically important aquatic species in Asia and are widely cultured and captured because of its nutritious and medicinal values. Their growth is predominantly affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) which is primarily caused by an oomycete fungus, Aphanomyces Invadans . However, the molecular mechanism of immune response in murrel against this infection is still not clear. In this study, transcriptome technique was used to understand the molecular changes involved in C. striatus during A. Invadans infection. RNA from the control (CF) and infected fish (IF) groups were sequenced using Illumina Hi-seq sequencing technology. For control group, 28,952,608 clean reads were generated and de novo assembly was performed to produce 60,753 contigs. For fungus infected group, 25,470,920 clean reads were obtained and assembled to produce 58,654 contigs. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 146 genes were up-regulated and 486 genes were down regulated. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in innate immune mechanism such as pathogen recognition, signalling and antimicrobial mechanisms. Interestingly, few adaptive immune genes, especially immunoglobulins were also significantly up regulated during fungal infection. Also, the results were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. These results indicated the involvement of various immune genes involved in both innate and adaptive immune mechanism during fungal infection in C. striatus which provide new insights into murrel immune mechanisms against A. Invadans .

  • A mini review on immune role of chemokines and its receptors in snakehead murrel Channa striatus
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Prasanth Bhatt, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Aziz Arshad, S. M. Nurul Amin, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, Rajesh Palanisamy, Gayathri Ravichandran, Kanchana Mala, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Chemokines are ubiquitous cytokine molecules involved in migration of cells during inflammation and normal physiological processes. Though the study on chemokines in mammalian species like humans have been extensively studied, characterization of chemokines in teleost fishes is still in the early stage. The present review provides an overview of chemokines and its receptors in a teleost fish, Channa striatus. C. striatus is an air breathing freshwater carnivore, which has enormous economic importance. This species is affected by an oomycete fungus, Aphanomyces Invadans and a Gram negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is known to cause secondary infection. These pathogens impose immune changes in the host organism, which in turn mounts several immune responses. Of these, the role of cytokines in the immune response is immense, due to their involvement in several activities of inflammation such as cell trafficking to the site of inflammation and antigen presentation. Given that importance, chemokines in fishes do have significant role in the immunological and other physiological functions of the organism, hence there is a need to understand the characteristics, activities and performace of these small molecules in details.

  • Bactericidal activity of fish galectin 4 derived membrane-binding peptide tagged with oligotryptophan
    Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abirami Arasu, Munuswamy Ramanujam Ganesh, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Galectins belong to the family of galactoside-binding proteins which act as pathogen recognition receptors by recognizing and binding to the carbohydrate present in the bacterial membranes. In this study, a Galectin-4 sequence was identified from the constructed cDNA library of Channa striatus and its structural features were reported. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsGal4 was highly expressed in liver and strongly induced by Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) causing pathogens such as Aphanomyces Invadans, Aeromonas hydrophila and a viral analogue, poly I:C. To understand the antimicrobial role of putative dimerization site of CsGal4, the region was chemically synthesized and its bactericidal effect was determined. G4 peptide exhibited a weak bactericidal activity against Vibrio harveyi, an important aquaculture pathogen. We have also determined the bactericidal activity of the dimerization site by tagging pentamer oligotryptophan (W5) at the C-terminal of G4 peptide. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that G4W induced drastic reduction in cell counts than G4. Electron microscopic images showed membrane blebbings in V. harveyi which indicated the membrane disrupting activity of G4W. Interestingly, both the peptides did not exhibit any hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity towards peripheral blood cells of Channa striatus and the activity was specific only towards the bacterial membrane. Our results suggested that addition of W5 at the C-terminal of membrane-binding peptide remarkably improved its membrane disrupting activity.

  • Bacterial membrane binding and pore formation abilities of carbohydrate recognition domain of fish lectin
    Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Abirami Arasu, Munuswamy Ramanujam Ganesh, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Rajesh Palanisamy, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate molecules that are found in a wide variety of species ranging from bacteria to humans. In recent years, excessive usage of antibiotics resulted in development of multi-drug resistant pathogens which made researchers to focus on AMPs as potential substitute for antibiotics. Lily type mannose-binding lectin is an extended super-family of structurally and evolutionarily related sugar binding proteins. These lectins are well-known AMPs which play important roles in fish defense mechanism. Here, we report a full-length lily type lectin-2 (LTL-2) identified from the cDNA library of striped murrel, Channa striatus (Cs). CsLTL-2 protein contained B-lectin domain along with three carbohydrate binding sites which is a prominent characteristic functional feature of LTL. The mRNA transcripts of CsLTL-2 were predominantly expressed in gills and considerably up-regulated upon infection with fungus (Aphanomyces Invadans) and bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila). To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the carbohydrate binding region of CsLTL-2, the region was synthesized (QP13) and its bactericidal activity was analyzed. In addition, QP13 was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and its binding affinity with the bacterial cell membranes was analyzed. Minimum inhibitory concentration assay revealed that QP13 inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli at a concentration of 80 μM/ml. Confocal microscopic observation showed that FITC tagged QP13 specifically bound to the bacterial membrane. Fluorescence assisted cell sorter (FACS) assay showed that QP13 reduced the bacterial cell count drastically. Therefore, the mechanism of action of QP13 on E. coli cells was determined by propidium iodide internalization assay which confirmed that QP13 induced bacterial membrane disruption. Moreover, the peptide did not show any cytotoxicity towards fish peripheral blood leucocytes. Taken together, these results support the potentiality of QP13 that can be used as an antimicrobial agent against the tested pathogens.

Mukesh Pasupuleti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Therapeutic Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide (CAP) Derived from Fish Aspartic Proteinase Cathepsin D and its Antimicrobial Mechanism
    International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Akila Sathyamoorthi, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Kasi Marimuthu, Aziz Arshad, S. M. Nurul Amin, Rajesh Palanisamy, Fatimah Md. Yusoff
    Abstract:

    Aquatic organisms are rich in antimicrobial peptides which play key role against pathogens during infections. Cathepsin is one of immune proteases which have been proven with multiple functions including antimicrobial activity, but their role as antimicrobial peptides has not been elucidated so far in aquatic organisms. This study reports the identification and characterization of antimicrobial peptides from fish cathepsin D. Channa striatus ( Cs ) cathepsin D (Cath D) was identified from its established cDNA library. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to analyze the homology of Cs CathD with other cathepsin. Based on the amino acid propensity scale, two putative antimicrobial regions were identified, synthesized and analyzed for their antimicrobial potency. Gene expression of Cs Cath D and its mRNA pattern upon pathogenic infection was also observed using real time PCR. All the bioinformatics analysis indicated the gene specific characteristic features of Cs Cath D. Cs CathD mRNA expression was highly expressed at 24 h for bacteria ( Aeromonas hydrophila ) and 48 h for fungus ( Aphanomyces Invadans ). The Cs Cath D derived CAPs namely, PL12 and NM12 showed their commendable inhibition towards Bacillus mycoides of the tested bacteria. The cell membrane disruption was observed with PL12 against B. mycoides in flow cytometer. With all proceedings, it is possible to conclude that Cs CathD might be a potent immuno modulator and the reported CAPs could be developed as therapeutic agents to treat bacterial pathogenic infections.

  • A comparative transcriptome approach for identification of molecular changes in Aphanomyces Invadans infected Channa striatus
    Molecular Biology Reports, 2018
    Co-Authors: Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Aziz Arshad, S. M. Nurul Amin, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Snakehead murrel, Channa striatus is an economically important aquatic species in Asia and are widely cultured and captured because of its nutritious and medicinal values. Their growth is predominantly affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) which is primarily caused by an oomycete fungus, Aphanomyces Invadans . However, the molecular mechanism of immune response in murrel against this infection is still not clear. In this study, transcriptome technique was used to understand the molecular changes involved in C. striatus during A. Invadans infection. RNA from the control (CF) and infected fish (IF) groups were sequenced using Illumina Hi-seq sequencing technology. For control group, 28,952,608 clean reads were generated and de novo assembly was performed to produce 60,753 contigs. For fungus infected group, 25,470,920 clean reads were obtained and assembled to produce 58,654 contigs. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 146 genes were up-regulated and 486 genes were down regulated. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in innate immune mechanism such as pathogen recognition, signalling and antimicrobial mechanisms. Interestingly, few adaptive immune genes, especially immunoglobulins were also significantly up regulated during fungal infection. Also, the results were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. These results indicated the involvement of various immune genes involved in both innate and adaptive immune mechanism during fungal infection in C. striatus which provide new insights into murrel immune mechanisms against A. Invadans .

  • Bactericidal activity of fish galectin 4 derived membrane-binding peptide tagged with oligotryptophan
    Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Abirami Arasu, Munuswamy Ramanujam Ganesh, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Galectins belong to the family of galactoside-binding proteins which act as pathogen recognition receptors by recognizing and binding to the carbohydrate present in the bacterial membranes. In this study, a Galectin-4 sequence was identified from the constructed cDNA library of Channa striatus and its structural features were reported. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsGal4 was highly expressed in liver and strongly induced by Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) causing pathogens such as Aphanomyces Invadans, Aeromonas hydrophila and a viral analogue, poly I:C. To understand the antimicrobial role of putative dimerization site of CsGal4, the region was chemically synthesized and its bactericidal effect was determined. G4 peptide exhibited a weak bactericidal activity against Vibrio harveyi, an important aquaculture pathogen. We have also determined the bactericidal activity of the dimerization site by tagging pentamer oligotryptophan (W5) at the C-terminal of G4 peptide. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that G4W induced drastic reduction in cell counts than G4. Electron microscopic images showed membrane blebbings in V. harveyi which indicated the membrane disrupting activity of G4W. Interestingly, both the peptides did not exhibit any hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity towards peripheral blood cells of Channa striatus and the activity was specific only towards the bacterial membrane. Our results suggested that addition of W5 at the C-terminal of membrane-binding peptide remarkably improved its membrane disrupting activity.

  • Comparative analysis of CsCu/ZnSOD defense role by molecular characterization: Gene expression-enzyme activity-protein level
    Gene, 2015
    Co-Authors: Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Annie J. Gnanam, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Cu/ZnSOD (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase) primarily scavenges cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by converting ROS to hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to water by the catalytic action of catalase, thus playing a pivotal role in the first line of defense mechanism against oxidative stress. In this study, we have reported a complete molecular characterization of cDNA sequence from striped murrel Channa striatus ( Cs ). Cellular location prediction reveals that Cs Cu/ZnSOD protein is cytosolic with an accuracy of 90%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Cs Cu/ZnSOD belongs to SOD1 group and it shared a common clad with Asian seabass Lates calcarifer and then with other fishes. The highest Cs Cu/ZnSOD gene expression, SOD enzyme activity and total protein concentration were observed in the liver and its regulation was studied upon fungus ( Aphanomyces Invadans ) and bacterial ( Aeromonas hydrophila ) challenges. Based on the results obtained from the above analysis, we concluded a correlation of gene expression-enzyme activity-protein concentration. Overall, the findings demonstrated that the Cs Cu/ZnSOD plays a critical role in the antioxidant system especially in the liver during oxidative stress caused by fungus and bacteria.

  • A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from fish goose type lysozyme disrupts the membrane of Salmonella enterica
    Molecular Immunology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Prasanth Bhatt, Munuswamy Ramanujam Ganesh, R. Harikrishnan, Mukesh Pasupuleti, K. Marimuthu, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    In aquaculture, accumulation of antibiotics resulted in development of resistance among bacterial pathogens. Consequently, it became mandatory to find alternative to synthetic antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are described as evolutionary ancient weapons have been considered as promising alternates in recent years. In this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide had been derived from goose type lysozyme (LyzG) which was identified from the cDNA library of freshwater fish Channa striatus (Cs). The identified lysozyme cDNA contains 585 nucleotides which encodes a protein of 194 amino acids. CsLyzG was closely related to Siniperca chuatsi with 92.8% homology. The depicted protein sequence contained a GEWL domain with conserved GLMQ motif, 7 active residues and 2 catalytic residues. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsLyzG was distributed in major immune organs with highest expression in head kidney. Results of temporal expression analysis after bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) and fungal (Aphanomyces Invadans) challenges indicated a stimulant-dependent expression pattern of CsLyzG. Two antimicrobial peptides IK12 and TS10 were identified from CsLyzG and synthesized. Antibiogram showed that IK12 was active against Salmonella enterica, a major multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen which produces beta lactamase. The IK12 induced loss of cell viability in the bacterial pathogen. Flow cytometry assay revealed that IK12 disrupt the membrane of S. enterica which is confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis that reveals blebs around the bacterial cell membrane. Conclusively, CsLyzG is a potential innate immune component and the identified antimicrobial peptide has great caliber to be used as an ecofriendly antibacterial substance in aquaculture.

Prasanth Bhatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A mini review on immune role of chemokines and its receptors in snakehead murrel Channa striatus
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Prasanth Bhatt, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Aziz Arshad, S. M. Nurul Amin, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, Rajesh Palanisamy, Gayathri Ravichandran, Kanchana Mala, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    Abstract Chemokines are ubiquitous cytokine molecules involved in migration of cells during inflammation and normal physiological processes. Though the study on chemokines in mammalian species like humans have been extensively studied, characterization of chemokines in teleost fishes is still in the early stage. The present review provides an overview of chemokines and its receptors in a teleost fish, Channa striatus. C. striatus is an air breathing freshwater carnivore, which has enormous economic importance. This species is affected by an oomycete fungus, Aphanomyces Invadans and a Gram negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is known to cause secondary infection. These pathogens impose immune changes in the host organism, which in turn mounts several immune responses. Of these, the role of cytokines in the immune response is immense, due to their involvement in several activities of inflammation such as cell trafficking to the site of inflammation and antigen presentation. Given that importance, chemokines in fishes do have significant role in the immunological and other physiological functions of the organism, hence there is a need to understand the characteristics, activities and performace of these small molecules in details.

  • Fish chemokines 14, 20 and 25: A comparative statement on computational analysis and mRNA regulation upon pathogenic infection.
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jesu Arockiaraj, Prasanth Bhatt, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, N B Dhayanithi, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Aziz Arshad, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, we reported a molecular characterization of three CC chemokines namely, CsCC-Chem14, CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 which are were identified from the established cDNA library of striped murrel Channa striatus. Multiple sequence alignment of all the three chemokines revealed the presence of gene specific domains and motifs including small cytokine domain, IL8 like domain, receptor binding site and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding sites. Three dimensional structures of the chemokines under study showed an important facet on their anti-microbial property. Tissue specific mRNA expression showed that the CsCC-Chem14 is highly expressed in spleen, CsCC-Chem20 in liver and CsCC-Chem25 in trunk kidney. On challenge C. striatus with oomycete fungus Aphanomyces Invadans, both CsCC-Chem20 and CsCC-Chem25 showed significant (P

  • A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from fish goose type lysozyme disrupts the membrane of Salmonella enterica
    Molecular Immunology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Prasanth Bhatt, Munuswamy Ramanujam Ganesh, R. Harikrishnan, Mukesh Pasupuleti, K. Marimuthu, Naif Abdullah Al-dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Jesu Arockiaraj
    Abstract:

    In aquaculture, accumulation of antibiotics resulted in development of resistance among bacterial pathogens. Consequently, it became mandatory to find alternative to synthetic antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which are described as evolutionary ancient weapons have been considered as promising alternates in recent years. In this study, a novel antimicrobial peptide had been derived from goose type lysozyme (LyzG) which was identified from the cDNA library of freshwater fish Channa striatus (Cs). The identified lysozyme cDNA contains 585 nucleotides which encodes a protein of 194 amino acids. CsLyzG was closely related to Siniperca chuatsi with 92.8% homology. The depicted protein sequence contained a GEWL domain with conserved GLMQ motif, 7 active residues and 2 catalytic residues. Gene expression analysis revealed that CsLyzG was distributed in major immune organs with highest expression in head kidney. Results of temporal expression analysis after bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) and fungal (Aphanomyces Invadans) challenges indicated a stimulant-dependent expression pattern of CsLyzG. Two antimicrobial peptides IK12 and TS10 were identified from CsLyzG and synthesized. Antibiogram showed that IK12 was active against Salmonella enterica, a major multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen which produces beta lactamase. The IK12 induced loss of cell viability in the bacterial pathogen. Flow cytometry assay revealed that IK12 disrupt the membrane of S. enterica which is confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis that reveals blebs around the bacterial cell membrane. Conclusively, CsLyzG is a potential innate immune component and the identified antimicrobial peptide has great caliber to be used as an ecofriendly antibacterial substance in aquaculture.

  • A novel murrel Channa striatus mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase: gene silencing, SOD activity, superoxide anion production and expression
    Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jesu Arockiaraj, Prasanth Bhatt, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Rajesh Palanisamy, Annie J. Gnanam, Marimuthu Kasi
    Abstract:

    We have reported the molecular characterization including gene silencing, superoxide activity, superoxide anion production, gene expression and molecular characterization of a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mMnSOD) from striped murrel Channa striatus (named as Cs mMnSOD). The Cs mMnSOD polypeptide contains 225 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.3. In the N-terminal region, Cs mMnSOD carries a mitochondrial targeting sequence and a superoxide dismutases (SOD) Fe domain (28–109), and in C-terminal region, it carries another SOD Fe domain (114–220). The Cs mMnSOD protein sequence shared significant similarity with its homolog of MnSOD from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (96 %). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the Cs mMnSOD fell in the clade of fish mMnSOD group. The monomeric structure of Cs mMnSOD possesses 9 α-helices (52.4 %), 3 β-sheets (8.8 %) and 38.8 % random coils. The highest gene expression was noticed in liver, and its expression was inducted with fungal ( Aphanomyces Invadans ) and bacterial ( Aeromonas hydrophila ) infections. The gene silencing results show that the fish that received dsRNA exhibited significant ( P  

  • A novel murrel Channa striatus mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase: gene silencing, SOD activity, superoxide anion production and expression
    Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jesu Arockiaraj, Prasanth Bhatt, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Vellaisamy Kumaresan, Rajesh Palanisamy, Annie J. Gnanam, Marimuthu Kasi
    Abstract:

    We have reported the molecular characterization including gene silencing, superoxide activity, superoxide anion production, gene expression and molecular characterization of a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mMnSOD) from striped murrel Channa striatus (named as CsmMnSOD). The CsmMnSOD polypeptide contains 225 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.3. In the N-terminal region, CsmMnSOD carries a mitochondrial targeting sequence and a superoxide dismutases (SOD) Fe domain (28–109), and in C-terminal region, it carries another SOD Fe domain (114–220). The CsmMnSOD protein sequence shared significant similarity with its homolog of MnSOD from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (96 %). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the CsmMnSOD fell in the clade of fish mMnSOD group. The monomeric structure of CsmMnSOD possesses 9 α-helices (52.4 %), 3 β-sheets (8.8 %) and 38.8 % random coils. The highest gene expression was noticed in liver, and its expression was inducted with fungal (Aphanomyces Invadans) and bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) infections. The gene silencing results show that the fish that received dsRNA exhibited significant (P < 0.05) changes in expression when compared to their non-injected and fish physiological saline-injected controls. The SOD activity shows that the activity increases with the spread of infection and decreases once the molecule controls the pathogen. The capacity of superoxide anion production was determined by calculating the granular blood cell count during infection in murrel. It shows that the infection influenced the superoxide radical production which plays a major role in killing the pathogens. Overall, this study indicated the defense potentiality of CsmMnSOD; however, further research is necessary to explore its capability at protein level.

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  • innate immune response against an oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces Invadans in common carp cyprinus carpio a fish resistant to epizootic ulcerative syndrome
    Acta Tropica, 2016
    Co-Authors: M K Yadav, P. K. Pradhan, Neeraj Sood, D. K. Verma, U. K. Chauhan, Peyush Punia, Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary, Joy K Jena
    Abstract:

    Infection with Aphanomyces Invadans, also known as epizootic ulcerative syndrome, is a destructive disease of freshwater and brackishwater fishes. Although more than 130 species of fish have been confirmed to be susceptible to this disease, some of the commercially important fish species like common carp, milk fish and tilapia are reported to be resistant. Species that are naturally resistant to a particular disease, provide a potential model to study the mechanisms of resistance against that disease. In the present study, following experimental infection with A. Invadans in common carp Cyprinus carpio, sequential changes in various innate immune parameters and histopathological alterations were monitored. Some of the studied innate immunity parameters viz. respiratory burst, alternative complement and total antiproteases activities of the infected common carp were higher compared to control fish, particularly at early stages of infection. On the other hand, some parameters such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and alpha-2 macroglobulin activities were not altered. Histopathological examination of the muscle at the site of injection revealed well developed granulomas at 12 days post infection, with subsequent regeneration of muscle fibers. From the results, it could be inferred that innate defense mechanisms of common carp are able to neutralize the virulence factors secreted by A. Invadans, thereby, preventing its invasive spread and containing the infection. The results obtained here will help to better understand the mechanisms underlying resistance against A. Invadans infection.

  • innate immune response of indian major carp labeo rohita infected with oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces Invadans
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2014
    Co-Authors: M K Yadav, P. K. Pradhan, Neeraj Sood, D. K. Verma, U. K. Chauhan, Peyush Punia, Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary, Chandan Debnath, Lopamudra Sahoo, Joy K Jena
    Abstract:

    Abstract The fish pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces Invadans is the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), a fish disease of international significance and reportable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. In spite of the current and potential impact of A. Invadans infection on fisheries and aquaculture sectors of the world, very little is known about the host-A. Invadans interactions. In the present study, following experimental infection with A. Invadans in one of the Indian major carps, Labeo rohita, sequential changes in various innate immune parameters were monitored. The results indicated that at early stages of infection, no significant changes in any of the studied innate immune parameters were observed. However, at the advanced stages of infection from 6 to 12 days post infection (dpi), the respiratory burst and alternate complement activity were significantly higher whereas lysozyme, antiproteases and α-2 macroglobulin values were significantly lower than the control group and also from the infected group at earlier stages of infection. Since, the possibility of vaccination of fish against A. Invadans appears remote due to difficulties in eliciting a specific antibody response, the information generated in the present study could be useful for developing strategies for improving resistance to A. Invadans infection by stimulating the innate immunity through immunomodulation.

  • Establishment and characterization of macrophage cell line from thymus of Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822)
    Aquaculture Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Dharmendra Kumar Chaudhary, P. K. Pradhan, Neeraj Sood, Peyush Punia, Gaurav Rathore, N. K. Agarwal, Joy K Jena
    Abstract:

    A continuous cell line has been developed from thymus explants of Catla catla and the cells have been subcultured for 63 passages. The cells exhibited optimum growth at 30°C in L-15 medium containing 15% foetal bovine serum. The cultured cells engulfed yeast cells and fluorescent latex beads. These cells produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and phorbol esters. The culture supernatant from the cultured cells had lysozyme activity and these cells demonstrated Fc receptors. Almost all the cells were positive for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase enzyme suggesting that the cells are of macrophage lineage and therefore, the cell line was designated as catla thymus macrophage (CTM) cell line. CTM cells formed aggregates around zoospores of Aphanomyces Invadans, but were unable to inhibit the germination of spores. The karyotype analysis of CTM cells at 25th passage revealed a typical diploid model with 50 chromosomes per cell. Partial amplification, sequencing and alignment of fragments of two mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 confirmed that the CTM cell line originated from C. catla. This cell line should be useful for studying the role of macrophages in differentiation and maturation of thymocytes and can be a source of macrophage-specific enzymes and cytokines.