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Zhonggao Jiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of calcium treatment and low temperature storage on cell wall polysaccharide nanostructures and quality of postharvest Apricot prunus armeniaca
Food Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Fusheng Chen, Hongshun Yang, Zhonggao JiaoAbstract:Abstract Cell wall polysaccharides play an important role in postharvest fruit texture softening. Effects of calcium treatment combined with cold storage on the physical properties, polysaccharide content and nanostructure of Apricots were investigated. Apricots were immersed in distilled water, 1% or 3% w/v calcium chloride, then stored at 5 °C or 10 °C. Storage at 5 °C significantly improved Apricot quality and shelf life. Significant changes in the concentration and nanostructure of cell wall pectins and hemicelluloses revealed their disassembly and degradation during Apricot storage. These modifications could be retarded by 1% w/v calcium chloride treatment. Meanwhile, the basic width units of Apricot cell wall polysaccharide chains were 11.7, 31.2 and 39.1 nm for water-soluble pectin, 11.7, 17.6 and 19.5 nm for chelate-soluble pectin, and 15.6 and 23.4 nm for hemicellulose. The results suggest that texture of Apricots can be effectively maintained by 1% calcium chloride treatment and storage at 5 °C.
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effects of calcium treatment and low temperature storage on cell wall polysaccharide nanostructures and quality of postharvest Apricot prunus armeniaca
Food Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Hui Liu, Fusheng Chen, Hongshun Yang, Shaojuan Lai, Junrui Tao, Zhonggao JiaoAbstract:Cell wall polysaccharides play an important role in postharvest fruit texture softening. Effects of calcium treatment combined with cold storage on the physical properties, polysaccharide content and nanostructure of Apricots were investigated. Apricots were immersed in distilled water, 1% or 3% w/v calcium chloride, then stored at 5°C or 10°C. Storage at 5°C significantly improved Apricot quality and shelf life. Significant changes in the concentration and nanostructure of cell wall pectins and hemicelluloses revealed their disassembly and degradation during Apricot storage. These modifications could be retarded by 1% w/v calcium chloride treatment. Meanwhile, the basic width units of Apricot cell wall polysaccharide chains were 11.7, 31.2 and 39.1nm for water-soluble pectin, 11.7, 17.6 and 19.5nm for chelate-soluble pectin, and 15.6 and 23.4nm for hemicellulose. The results suggest that texture of Apricots can be effectively maintained by 1% calcium chloride treatment and storage at 5°C.
Shuo Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The complex evolutionary history of Apricots: species divergence, gene flow and multiple domestication events
Molecular Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Shuo Liu, Stephane Decroocq, Amandine Cornille, David Tricon, Aurélie Chague, Jean-philippe Eyquard, Wei‐sheng Liu, Tatiana Giraud, Véronique DecroocqAbstract:Domestication is an excellent model to study diversification and this evolutionary process can be different in perennial plants, such as fruit trees, compared to annual crops. Here, we inferred the history of wild Apricot species divergence and of Apricot domestication history across Eurasia, with a special focus on Central and Eastern Asia, based on microsatellite markers and approximate Bayesian computation. We significantly extended our previous sampling of Apricots in Europe and Central Asia towards Eastern Asia, resulting in a total sample of 271 cultivated samples and 306 wild Apricots across Eurasia, mainly Prunus armeniaca and P. sibirica, with some P. mume and P. mandshurica. We recovered wild Chinese species as genetically differentiated clusters, with P. sibirica being divided into two clusters, one possibly resulting from hybridization with P. armeniaca. Central Asia also appeared as a diversification center of wild Apricots. We further revealed at least three domestication events, without bottlenecks, that gave rise to European, Southern Central Asian and Chinese cultivated Apricots, with ancient gene flow among them. The domestication event in China possibly resulted from ancient hybridization between wild populations from Central and Eastern Asia. We also detected extensive footprints of recent admixture in all groups of cultivated Apricots. Our results thus show that Apricot is an excellent model for studying speciation and domestication in long-lived perennial fruit trees.
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Evolutionary history of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and impact of different processes of evolution on genetic diversity
2019Co-Authors: Shuo LiuAbstract:Nowadays, increasing attention is focused on perennial crop species and their wild relatives. The domestication of perennials is expected to follow different processes than annuals, and there is limited knowledge about how perennial plant species evolve in response to human intervention or changing environmental conditions. Indeed, the diversity of perennial species results from a series of mechanisms of evolution, which include natural and artificial selection, gene flow between wild and cultivated compartments, and dynamics of dispersion at large scales, often over long periods. Unraveling the evolutionary history and domestication processes of long-lived tree species is expected to provide insights into the potential differences and similarities between annual and perennial species, and furtherly to facilitate breeding efforts for traits of interest.In the current PhD thesis, we focused on Apricot species, Prunus armeniaca L., and its related species from the section Armeniaca (Lam.) Koch.. We characterized genetic diversity and variability and addressed a few important questions related to fruit tree origin, evolution and domestication, and further identified candidate genes and loci underlying important agronomic traits that have been under selection during domestication.Our microsatellite data and approximate Bayesian computation revealed that the wild species P. armeniaca and P. sibirica diverged ca. 8 to 16 Mya ago, followed by interspecific hybridization leading to a new, isolated species, in Western China. We also showed that the European and Chinese Apricots were domesticated independently either both from the Central Asian wild progenitor or from the hybrid species.Following the same strategy, we studied the genetic diversity and structuration of the only European Armeniaca species, P. brigantina Vill. and thus questioned its classification among the genus Prunus.Finally, taking advantage of the de novo assembly of a high-quality Apricot reference genome and of extensive resequencing data, we focused on how selection has influenced genomic architecture in Apricot (P. armeniaca). To test for common or distinct signatures of selection, we took advantage of the parallel history of domestication in the European and Chinese Apricots and compared with their wild, Central Asian progenitor. We detected evidence for artificial selection at a genome-wide scale, both for European and Chinese Apricots, with a significant number of homologous genomic signatures of domestication, thus indicating convergent yet independent selection of a common set of genes during two geographically and culturally distinct domestication processes. We also identified signatures of selection which could be associated with local adaptation in either wild or cultivated Apricots.Therefore, a better knowledge on Apricot evolutionary history combined with comparative population genomics enables the identification and utilization of adaptive and domestication traits that are important for Apricot cultivation, It is expected to provide an unprecedented opportunity to identify the genetic basis of long-lived perennials’ adaptation and domestication.
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New insights into the history of domesticated and wild Apricots and its contribution to Plum pox virus resistance
Molecular Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Stephane Decroocq, Amandine Cornille, David Tricon, Sevda Babayeva, Aurélie Chague, Jean-philippe Eyquard, Raul Karychev, Svetlana Dolgikh, Tatiana Kostritsyna, Shuo LiuAbstract:Studying domesticated species and their wild relatives allows understanding of the mechanisms of population divergence and adaptation, and identifying valuable genetic resources. Apricot is an important fruit in the Northern hemisphere, where it is threatened by the Plum pox virus (PPV), causing the sharka disease. The histories of Apricot domestication and of its resistance to sharka are however still poorly understood. We used 18 microsatellite markers to genotype a collection of 230 wild trees from Central Asia and 142 cultivated Apricots as representatives of the worldwide cultivated Apricot germplasm; we also performed experimental PPV inoculation tests. The genetic markers revealed highest levels of diversity in Central Asian and Chinese wild and cultivated Apricots, confirming an origin in this region. In cultivated Apricots, Chinese accessions were differentiated from more Western accessions, while cultivated Apricots were differentiated from wild Apricots. An approximate Bayesian approach indicated that Apricots likely underwent two independent domestication events, with bottlenecks, from the same wild population. Central Asian native Apricots exhibited genetic subdivision and high frequency of resistance to sharka. Altogether, our results contribute to the understanding of the domestication history of cultivated Apricot and point to valuable genetic diversity in the extant genetic resources of wild Apricots.
Jean Marc Audergon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of cooking and storage on Apricots fruit microconstituents.
2016Co-Authors: Carine Le Bourvellec, Jean Marc Audergon, Catherine Renard, Patrice Reling, Sylvie Bureau, Romain Bott, Albert Ribas, Barbara GoubleAbstract:Apricots are a rich source of phenolics and carotenoids that may contribute to reduced risks of chronic diseases. However, because of the seasonal availability, Apricots are commonly consumed after processing and storage. The different thermal processing methods have been shown to reduce polyphenolic and carotenoid levels in fruit. However information is lacking on how different methods and storage influence the phenolic and carotenoid composition and their content in processed Apricots. Four Apricot cultivars were processed in two different ways: home cooking (85°C) and industrial processing (95°C). Cans from industrial processing were analyzed immediately and after storage of 2 months at ambient temperature. Phenolics and carotenoids were quantified by HPLC with diode array detection. Industrial processing caused a significantly higher loss of total phenolics compared to domestic cooking. Upon cooking, procyanidins were retained in Apricot tissues while flavan-3-ol monomers and hydroxycinnamic acids were partially leached into the syrup. Due to leaching of flavan-3-ol monomer procyanidin’s DPn significantly increased from fruit to canned products. Anthocyanins were not significantly altered by heat treatment. Total carotenoids exhibited no significant change after heat processing. However among carotenoids, a cis-β-carotene isomer was significantly increased after industrial processing, but with lower amounts after domestic cooking. No significant losses were observed for total phenolic compounds after two months in cans at ambient temperature, this was mainly due to procyanidins which were stable over time. However, flavan-3-ol monomers, hydroxycinnamic acids and anthocyanins were significantly lower in the fruit after storage. Total carotenoids compounds significantly decreased over the storage period. Based on HPLC data, carotenoids were more stable than phenolics after heat treatment. Carotenoids and phenolics in fruit decreased with storage time. More interestingly, this study indicates that Apricots are a rich source of procyanidins, having profiles similar to those found in apples. Processing changed not only the content of procyanidins in Apricot products but also the relative ratio of the different molecular weights.
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Variability of morphological charters among Tunisian Apricot germplasm
Scientia Horticulturae, 2014Co-Authors: Lamia Krichen, Jean Marc Audergon, Neila Trifi-farahAbstract:Morphological characters were assessed for 112 Tunisian Apricot accessions using 42 qualitative and quantitative traits according to the UPOV descriptor. The results showed a distinction among all the accessions, and each morphological variable tested was polymorphic except mucron and rootstock. This characterization revealed that Tunisian Apricot germplasm complied with many of the listed UPOV descriptor modalities, with the exception of a rectangular-plate fruit shape, which is characteristic of six Tunisian cultivars and not included in the UPOV Apricot testing guidelines. The morphological characters with the best discriminatory ability included fruit size, fruit shape, over color of the fruit skin and flesh, and leaf size. The variability structure highlighted two different Apricot categories: (i) Bargougs characterized by very small fruit size with high FW/FLW and absence of over color, (ii) grafted cultivars characterized by medium to relatively large fruit and the presence of over color. Morphological variability was structured according to the geographical origin of the plant material. Four regions were clearly distinguished: north, center, south and oasis. The assessed Tunisian Apricot germplasm presented great variability, similar to that of Turkish, Spanish and Italian Apricots.
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Genetic diversity and differentiation of grafted and seed propagated Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) in the Maghreb region
Scientia Horticulturae, 2012Co-Authors: Hedia Bourguiba, Ali Mamouni, Lamia Krichen, Jean Marc Audergon, Neila Trifi-farah, Samia Trabelsi, Bouchaib KhadariAbstract:Apricots from Maghreb region (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) in North Africa are both clonally (by graft-ing) and seed propagated that are mainly grown in oasis agroecosystems. Are these two Apricot groups genetically distinct or closely related, as previously suggested? We sought an answer to this question by analysing the genetic diversity and differentiation of 183 Apricot accessions from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia using 24 nuclear microsatellite markers distributed throughout the eight linkage groups of the Prunus genome. A total of 191 alleles were detected in the studied accessions. Similar high genetic diversity parameters were observed among all Apricot geographic groups, revealing that there is high genetic variability in Apricots from the Maghreb region. We conducted hierarchical clustering using the Neighbor-joining algorithm and showed that Apricot can be classified according to its geographic origin and propagation mode in Maghreb. Despite this, we showed that both grafted and seed propagated apri-cots shared a common gene pool. Overall our results will help to improve management and conservation of Maghrebian Apricot genetic resources.
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Texture variation in Apricot: Intra-fruit heterogeneity, impact of thinning and relation with the texture after cooking.
Foodservice Research International, 2011Co-Authors: Crepin Ella Missang, Jean Marc Audergon, Catherine Renard, Jean Francois MaingonnatAbstract:The rapid texture loss of Apricot fruit during storage and transformation is a limiting factor for its commercialisation and use. Apricot flesh exhibits different tissue zones which differ in texture. To better understand texture in Apricot fruit, we have studied (i) the intra-fruit heterogeneity of texture measured by puncture test (tissue firmness) (ii) the effect of thinning on whole fruit firmness (global firmness), measured by compression, and on tissue firmness and (iii) the evolution of texture upon steam cooking, on Apricots of contrasted texture. Nine tissue zones were defined in fresh Apricot fruits in order to study differences in texture from the peduncle to the pistil zones and from the external to the internal tissue. In the nine Apricot varieties used, tissue firmness decreased gradually from the external to the internal tissue. However, from the peduncle to the pistil zone, the variation of texture seemed to be variety-dependent. Overall the textures measured for the nine tissue zones were highly correlated, indicative of the major differentiation between soft and firm fruits. However distinct heterogeneity patterns could be observed on axes 2 and 3 of a principal component analysis carried out on the textures of the nine zones. The effect of thinning on fruit firmness appeared variety-dependent. Tissue firmness of the raw Apricots assessed by penetrometry explained about two-thirds of the variability of firmness of cooked Apricots, versus only 40% for the compression test. High correlations between texture after cooking and prior to cooking were found for four (external equatorial, external pistil, median equatorial and median pistil) out of the nine tissue zones.
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Grafting versus seed propagated Apricot populations: two main gene pools in Tunisia evidenced by SSR markers and model-based Bayesian clustering
Genetica, 2010Co-Authors: Hedia Bourguiba, Lamia Krichen, Bouchaib Khadari, Neila Trifi-farah, Sylvain Santoni, Jean Marc AudergonAbstract:Apricot was introduced into the Mediterranean Basin from China and Asian mountains through the Middle-East and the Central Europe. Traditionally present in Tunisia, we were interested in accessing the origin of Apricot species in the country, and in particular in the number and the location of its introductions. A set of 82 representative Apricot accessions including 49 grafted cultivars and 33 seed propagated ‘Bargougs’ were genotyped using 24 microsatellite loci revealing a total of 135 alleles. The model-based Bayesian clustering analysis using both Structure and InStruct programs as well as the multivariate method revealed five distinct genetic clusters. The genetic differentiation among clusters showed that cluster 1, with only four cultivars, was the most differentiated from the four remaining genetic clusters, which constituted the largest part of the studied germplasm. According to their geographic origin, the five identified groups (north, centre, south, Gafsa oasis and other oases groups) enclosed a similar variation within group, with a low level of differentiation. Overall results highlighted the distinction of two Apricot gene pools in Tunisia related to the different mode of propagation of the cultivars: grafted and seed propagated Apricot, which enclosed a narrow genetic basis. Our findings support the assumption that grafting and seed propagated Apricots shared the same origin.
Margit Laimer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microsatellite variability between Apricot and related Prunus species
BMC Proceedings, 2011Co-Authors: Fatemeh Maghuly, Margit LaimerAbstract:Background Apricots, family Rosaceae, are economically important representatives of the genus Prunus. The number of Apricot species ranges from three to ten, depending on the classification system adopted. The major obstacles to expansion of Apricot production are irregular yields and low resistance to diseases. Compared with the high genetic variability in related species, Apricots are not so variable and thus interspecific hybrids were proposed as a means to overcome deficiencies inherent in the common Apricot. To estimate the extent of variation in Apricot germplasm, between ecogeographical groups and related species, is very useful for planning breeding programmes, through diversity analysis, cultivar identification or marker-assisted selection.
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microsatellite variability in Apricots prunus armeniaca l reflects their geographic origin and breeding history
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2005Co-Authors: Fatemeh Maghuly, Eduviges Borroto Fernandez, Szabolcs Ruthner, A Pedryc, Margit LaimerAbstract:A collection of 133 Apricot cultivars and three related species originating from different geographical regions were studied with 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers developed in Apricot. Altogether, 133 alleles were identified in the set of accessions, with an average of 13.30 alleles per locus. Out of them, 32 alleles occurred only once in the investigated samples, especially in Apricots originating from different eco-geographic groups or in different species. The observed heterozygosity for individual loci ranged from 0.8636 to 0.3182, with an average of 0.6281. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance grouped the accessions according to their eco-geographical origin and/or their pedigree information. Central Asian cultivars have a distinct position on the dendrogram, which supports the assumption that most cultivars have an Asian ancestor. Most East European cultivars analysed cluster together, and the data even revealed a few synonyms. Results show that American cultivars have not only European germ plasm in their pedigree, but they have also been enriched with germ plasm of Asian origin. The implications of these data for the use of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers as a tool for fingerprinting cultivars in breeders' rights protection and Apricot breeding are discussed. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time the variability of Apricot SSRs in a large collection of Apricot cultivars and closely related species.
Fusheng Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of calcium treatment and low temperature storage on cell wall polysaccharide nanostructures and quality of postharvest Apricot prunus armeniaca
Food Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Fusheng Chen, Hongshun Yang, Zhonggao JiaoAbstract:Abstract Cell wall polysaccharides play an important role in postharvest fruit texture softening. Effects of calcium treatment combined with cold storage on the physical properties, polysaccharide content and nanostructure of Apricots were investigated. Apricots were immersed in distilled water, 1% or 3% w/v calcium chloride, then stored at 5 °C or 10 °C. Storage at 5 °C significantly improved Apricot quality and shelf life. Significant changes in the concentration and nanostructure of cell wall pectins and hemicelluloses revealed their disassembly and degradation during Apricot storage. These modifications could be retarded by 1% w/v calcium chloride treatment. Meanwhile, the basic width units of Apricot cell wall polysaccharide chains were 11.7, 31.2 and 39.1 nm for water-soluble pectin, 11.7, 17.6 and 19.5 nm for chelate-soluble pectin, and 15.6 and 23.4 nm for hemicellulose. The results suggest that texture of Apricots can be effectively maintained by 1% calcium chloride treatment and storage at 5 °C.
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effects of calcium treatment and low temperature storage on cell wall polysaccharide nanostructures and quality of postharvest Apricot prunus armeniaca
Food Chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Hui Liu, Fusheng Chen, Hongshun Yang, Shaojuan Lai, Junrui Tao, Zhonggao JiaoAbstract:Cell wall polysaccharides play an important role in postharvest fruit texture softening. Effects of calcium treatment combined with cold storage on the physical properties, polysaccharide content and nanostructure of Apricots were investigated. Apricots were immersed in distilled water, 1% or 3% w/v calcium chloride, then stored at 5°C or 10°C. Storage at 5°C significantly improved Apricot quality and shelf life. Significant changes in the concentration and nanostructure of cell wall pectins and hemicelluloses revealed their disassembly and degradation during Apricot storage. These modifications could be retarded by 1% w/v calcium chloride treatment. Meanwhile, the basic width units of Apricot cell wall polysaccharide chains were 11.7, 31.2 and 39.1nm for water-soluble pectin, 11.7, 17.6 and 19.5nm for chelate-soluble pectin, and 15.6 and 23.4nm for hemicellulose. The results suggest that texture of Apricots can be effectively maintained by 1% calcium chloride treatment and storage at 5°C.