Aquatic Invertebrate

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Peter F Landrum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of proposed physical ballast tank treatments on Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2007
    Co-Authors: David F Raikow, David F Reid, Ernest R Blatchley, Gregory R Jacobs, Peter F Landrum
    Abstract:

    Adaptations in Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs that confer protection from natural catastrophic events also could confer protection from treatments applied to ballast water for biological invasion vector management. To evaluate the potential efficacy of physical ballast water treatment methods, the present study examined the acute toxicity of heat (flash and holding methods), ultraviolet (UV) radiation (254 nm), and deoxygenation (acute and chronic) on resting eggs of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia mendotae and the marine brine shrimp Artemia sp. Both D. mendotae and Artemia sp. were similarly sensitive to flash exposures of heat (100% mortality at 70 degrees C), but D. mendotae were much more sensitive to prolonged exposures. Exposure to 4,000 mJ/cm2 of UV radiation resulted in mortality rates of 59% in Artemia sp. and 91% in D. mendotae. Deoxygenation to an oxygen concentration of 1 mg/L was maximally toxic to both species. Deoxygenation suppressed hatching of D. mendotae resting eggs at oxygen concentrations of less than 5.5 mg/L and of Artemia sp. resting eggs at concentrations of less than 1 mg/L. Results suggest that UV radiation and deoxygenation are not viable treatment methods with respect to Invertebrate resting eggs because of the impracticality of producing sufficient UV doses and the suppression of hatching at low oxygen concentrations. Results also suggest that the treatment temperatures required to kill resting eggs are much higher than those reported to be effective against other Invertebrate life stages and species. The results, however, do not preclude the effectiveness of these treatments against other organisms or life stages. Nevertheless, if ballast tank treatment systems employing the tested methods are intended to include mitigation of viable resting eggs, then physical removal of large resting eggs and ephippia via filtration would be a necessary initial step.

  • sensitivity of Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs to seakleen menadione a test of potential ballast tank treatment options
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: David F Raikow, David F Reid, Erynn E Maynard, Peter F Landrum
    Abstract:

    The introduction of Aquatic species in resting life stages by the release of ballast water is a less well-known but potentially important invasive species vector. Best-management practices designed to minimize transport of ballast water cannot eliminate this threat, because residual water and sediment are retained in ballast tanks after draining. To evaluate the potential efficacy of chemical treatment of residual material in ship ballast tanks, the present study examined the acute toxicity of the proposed biocide SeaKleen (menadione; Garnett, Watkinsville, GA, USA) on resting eggs of Brachionus plicatilis (a marine rotifer), a freshwater copepod, Daphnia mendotae (a freshwater cladoceran), and Artemia sp. (a marine brine shrimp). SeaKleen was toxic to resting eggs of all taxa. Daphnia mendotae resting eggs encased in protective ephippia were the least sensitive, as indicated by a 24-h lethal con- centration of toxicant to 90% of organisms of 8.7 mg/L (95% confidence interval, 0.1 mg/L). SeaKleen induced teratogenic effects in D. mendotae and Artemia sp. Exposure to sunlight quickly degraded SeaKleen, which lost all toxicity after 72 h outdoors. SeaKleen increased in toxicity slightly after 72 h in darkness. Burial of D. mendotae ephippia in natural lake sediment reduced SeaKleen toxicity by a factor of 20. Reduced toxicity in the presence of sediment raises serious doubts as to the potential for this, or any, chemical biocide to kill Aquatic Invertebrate resting stages buried in sediment retained in ship ballast tanks. Keywords—Resting egg Biological invasion Ballast SeaKleen Menadione

David F Raikow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of proposed physical ballast tank treatments on Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2007
    Co-Authors: David F Raikow, David F Reid, Ernest R Blatchley, Gregory R Jacobs, Peter F Landrum
    Abstract:

    Adaptations in Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs that confer protection from natural catastrophic events also could confer protection from treatments applied to ballast water for biological invasion vector management. To evaluate the potential efficacy of physical ballast water treatment methods, the present study examined the acute toxicity of heat (flash and holding methods), ultraviolet (UV) radiation (254 nm), and deoxygenation (acute and chronic) on resting eggs of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia mendotae and the marine brine shrimp Artemia sp. Both D. mendotae and Artemia sp. were similarly sensitive to flash exposures of heat (100% mortality at 70 degrees C), but D. mendotae were much more sensitive to prolonged exposures. Exposure to 4,000 mJ/cm2 of UV radiation resulted in mortality rates of 59% in Artemia sp. and 91% in D. mendotae. Deoxygenation to an oxygen concentration of 1 mg/L was maximally toxic to both species. Deoxygenation suppressed hatching of D. mendotae resting eggs at oxygen concentrations of less than 5.5 mg/L and of Artemia sp. resting eggs at concentrations of less than 1 mg/L. Results suggest that UV radiation and deoxygenation are not viable treatment methods with respect to Invertebrate resting eggs because of the impracticality of producing sufficient UV doses and the suppression of hatching at low oxygen concentrations. Results also suggest that the treatment temperatures required to kill resting eggs are much higher than those reported to be effective against other Invertebrate life stages and species. The results, however, do not preclude the effectiveness of these treatments against other organisms or life stages. Nevertheless, if ballast tank treatment systems employing the tested methods are intended to include mitigation of viable resting eggs, then physical removal of large resting eggs and ephippia via filtration would be a necessary initial step.

  • sensitivity of Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs to seakleen menadione a test of potential ballast tank treatment options
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: David F Raikow, David F Reid, Erynn E Maynard, Peter F Landrum
    Abstract:

    The introduction of Aquatic species in resting life stages by the release of ballast water is a less well-known but potentially important invasive species vector. Best-management practices designed to minimize transport of ballast water cannot eliminate this threat, because residual water and sediment are retained in ballast tanks after draining. To evaluate the potential efficacy of chemical treatment of residual material in ship ballast tanks, the present study examined the acute toxicity of the proposed biocide SeaKleen (menadione; Garnett, Watkinsville, GA, USA) on resting eggs of Brachionus plicatilis (a marine rotifer), a freshwater copepod, Daphnia mendotae (a freshwater cladoceran), and Artemia sp. (a marine brine shrimp). SeaKleen was toxic to resting eggs of all taxa. Daphnia mendotae resting eggs encased in protective ephippia were the least sensitive, as indicated by a 24-h lethal con- centration of toxicant to 90% of organisms of 8.7 mg/L (95% confidence interval, 0.1 mg/L). SeaKleen induced teratogenic effects in D. mendotae and Artemia sp. Exposure to sunlight quickly degraded SeaKleen, which lost all toxicity after 72 h outdoors. SeaKleen increased in toxicity slightly after 72 h in darkness. Burial of D. mendotae ephippia in natural lake sediment reduced SeaKleen toxicity by a factor of 20. Reduced toxicity in the presence of sediment raises serious doubts as to the potential for this, or any, chemical biocide to kill Aquatic Invertebrate resting stages buried in sediment retained in ship ballast tanks. Keywords—Resting egg Biological invasion Ballast SeaKleen Menadione

Karsten Liber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • uranium uptake and depuration in the Aquatic Invertebrate chironomus tentans
    Environmental Pollution, 2010
    Co-Authors: Jorgelina R Muscatello, Karsten Liber
    Abstract:

    Abstract Evaluation of aqueous uranium (U) uptake and depuration in larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans were investigated in two separated experiments. First, a static-renewal experiment was performed with 10-d old C. tentans larvae exposed to 300 μg U/L. The animals steadily accumulated U ( K u  = 20.3) approaching steady-state conditions (BAF = 56) in approximately 9–11 d. However, accumulated U was readily depurated ( K d  = 0.36) with U tissue concentration decreasing rapidly within 3 d of the larvae being placed in clean water ( t 1/2  = 1.9 d). Also, the growth of C. tentans larvae appeared to decrease after 6–11 d of U exposure, probably due to the reallocation of resources into U detoxification mechanisms. However, growth significantly increased once C. tentans were transferred to clean water. A separate short-term experiment was performed to evaluate the possible mechanism of U uptake in this Invertebrate. Results suggested a passive mechanism of U uptake coupled with an active mechanism of U depuration but no details related to the type of mechanisms or pathway was investigated.

  • accumulation and chronic toxicity of uranium over different life stages of the Aquatic Invertebrate chironomus tentans
    Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jorgelina R Muscatello, Karsten Liber
    Abstract:

    Limited data are available on the effects of uranium (U) exposures on benthic macroInvertebrates, something that would be needed before national or provincial water quality guidelines could be developed. The goal of this study was to evaluate chronic U toxicity and accumulation in the Aquatic Invertebrate Chironomus tentans. Test organisms were exposed to three aqueous U concentrations (40, 200, and 1,000 μg/L) and an untreated control. Larval growth, adult emergence, and U tissue concentrations at different life stages were evaluated. The measured no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) for growth of C. tentans larvae after 10 days of U exposure were 39 and 157 μg/L, respectively. At U concentrations >157 ug/L, there was reduced larval growth of 30% to 40%, which corresponded to reduced adult emergence of 40% to 60%. Despite significant delays in time to adult emergence, there were no significant effects on reproductive output of successfully emerged adults. The F1 generation C. tentans larvae that were never directly exposed to U, but originated from adult males and females exposed to U during their immature life stages, displayed a significant decrease in 10-day growth that was similar to that observed for the F0-exposed larvae. This suggests that the environment of the parental generation can significantly influence the development of the next generation through environmentally induced parental effects. Uranium accumulated in C. tentans immature stages was partially excreted during molting and metamorphosis to the adult stage. However, the elimination of U was not complete and some was still measured in adult midges. Consequently, a minor transfer of U from the Aquatic to the terrestrial environment could be expected to occur.

Michael T. Bogan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Aquatic Invertebrate communities exhibit both resistance and resilience to seasonal drying in an intermittent coastal stream
    Hydrobiologia, 2017
    Co-Authors: Michael T. Bogan, Jason L. Hwan, Kristina Cervantes-yoshida, Julian Ponce, Stephanie M. Carlson
    Abstract:

    Species inhabiting intermittent streams must survive flow cessation and drying in situ (resistance) or recolonize temporary habitats when flow returns (resilience). Some studies have found that species are resistant to seasonal drying and can persist in small remnant pools after flow ceases, while others observed rapid declines in species richness when flow ceases. However, relatively few studies have demonstrated both resistance across dry seasons and resilience across multiple wet and dry cycles. Here, we quantify seasonal and interannual changes in Aquatic Invertebrate community structure from 2009 to 2012 in a coastal California intermittent stream. We predicted that temporary pools and riffles would have lower richness and distinct assemblages when compared to perennial pools, and that richness would decline across the dry season. Temporary riffles exhibited lower richness values than pools, but we found no richness differences, and small compositional differences, between perennial and temporary pools. Furthermore, Invertebrate richness, density, and composition changed significantly in temporary pools only immediately before drying, when depths declined >80%. These results suggest that Invertebrate communities at John West Fork were not only resilient (exhibiting recovery in 

  • Aquatic Invertebrate communities exhibit both resistance and resilience to seasonal drying in an intermittent coastal stream
    Hydrobiologia, 2017
    Co-Authors: Michael T. Bogan, Jason L. Hwan, Julian Ponce, Kristina Cervantesyoshida, Stephanie M. Carlson
    Abstract:

    Species inhabiting intermittent streams must survive flow cessation and drying in situ (resistance) or recolonize temporary habitats when flow returns (resilience). Some studies have found that species are resistant to seasonal drying and can persist in small remnant pools after flow ceases, while others observed rapid declines in species richness when flow ceases. However, relatively few studies have demonstrated both resistance across dry seasons and resilience across multiple wet and dry cycles. Here, we quantify seasonal and interannual changes in Aquatic Invertebrate community structure from 2009 to 2012 in a coastal California intermittent stream. We predicted that temporary pools and riffles would have lower richness and distinct assemblages when compared to perennial pools, and that richness would decline across the dry season. Temporary riffles exhibited lower richness values than pools, but we found no richness differences, and small compositional differences, between perennial and temporary pools. Furthermore, Invertebrate richness, density, and composition changed significantly in temporary pools only immediately before drying, when depths declined >80%. These results suggest that Invertebrate communities at John West Fork were not only resilient (exhibiting recovery in <6 months) to flow cessation, but also were resistant to declining water levels across the dry season.

  • the biota of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams Aquatic Invertebrates
    Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams#R##N#Ecology and Management, 2017
    Co-Authors: R. Stubbington, Michael T. Bogan, N. Bonada, A.j. Boulton, T. Datry, C. Leigh, Ross Vander Vorste
    Abstract:

    Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) support diverse and sometimes distinctive Aquatic Invertebrate communities. Although flow intermittence has been linked to reduced taxa richness, the highly variable environmental conditions that characterize IRES can enhance both taxonomic and functional diversity, with different Invertebrates characterizing flowing, pool, dry, and flow-resumption phases. Aquatic Invertebrate communities, which include specialist taxa, have a diverse range of adaptations to promote their survival in the pools and dry bed sediments that characterize IRES channels during nonflowing phases. These tolerant organisms and recolonists from outside of IRES channels allow communities to recover once flow resumes. IRES Invertebrate communities have been affected by human activity, especially where flow regimes have been altered by climate change, water resource pressures, and changing land use. Restoration initiatives, from riparian revegetation projects to conservation strategies that protect individual species, are therefore needed to safeguard Aquatic Invertebrate community diversity in IRES.

  • dispersal strength determines meta community structure in a dendritic riverine network
    Journal of Biogeography, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kate S Boersma, Michael T. Bogan, Julian D. Olden, Miguel Canedoarguelles, Ivan C Phillipsen, Tiffany A Schriever, David A. Lytle
    Abstract:

    Aim Meta-community structure is a function of both local (site-specific) and regional (landscape-level) ecological factors, and the relative importance of each may be mediated by the dispersal ability of organisms. Here, we used Aquatic Invertebrate communities to investigate the relationship between local and regional factors in explaining distance decay relationships (DDRs) in fragmented dendritic stream networks. Location Dryland streams distributed within a 400-km 2 section of the San Pedro River basin, south-eastern Arizona, USA. Methods We combined fine-scale local information (flow and habitat characteristics) with regional-scale information to explain DDR patterns in community composition of Aquatic Invertebrate species with a wide range of dispersal abilities. We used a novel application of a landscape resistance modelling approach (originally developed for landscape genetic studies) that simultaneously assessed the importance of local and regional ecological factors as well as dispersal ability of organisms. Results We found evidence that both local and regional factors influenced Aquatic Invertebrate DDRs in dryland stream networks, and the importance of each factor depended on the dispersal capacities of the organisms. Local and weak dispersers were more affected by site-specific factors, intermediate dispersers by landscape-level factors, and strong dispersers showed no discernable pattern. This resulted in a strongly hump-shaped relationship between dispersal ability and landscape-level factors, where only moderate dispersers showed evidence of DDRs. Unlike most other studies of dendritic networks, our results suggest that overland pathways, using perennial refugia as stepping-stones, might be the main dispersal route in fragmented stream networks. Main conclusions We suggest that using a combination of landscape and local distance measures can help to unravel meta-community patterns in dendritic systems. Our findings have important conservation implications, such as the need to manage river systems for organisms that span a wide variety of dispersal abilities and local ecological requirements. Our results also highlight the need to preserve perennial refugia in fragmented networks, as they may ensure the viability of Aquatic meta-communities by facilitating dispersal.

  • Biogeography and conservation of Aquatic fauna in spring-fed tropical canyons of the southern Sonoran Desert, Mexico
    Biodiversity and Conservation, 2014
    Co-Authors: Michael T. Bogan, David A. Lytle, Nohemí Noriega-felix, Sylvette Leonor Vidal-aguilar, Lloyd T. Findley, Oscar G. Gutiérrez-ruacho, J. Andrés Alvarado-castro, Alejandro Varela-romero
    Abstract:

    In arid regions, spring-fed habitats are frequently the only year-round source of surface water and are essential habitats for Aquatic organisms and primary water sources for terrestrial animals and human settlements. While these habitats have been relatively well-studied in some regions, those of the southern Sonoran Desert have received little attention. In 2008 and 2009, we documented the biodiversity of Aquatic animals at 19 sites across three arid mountain ranges in Sonora, Mexico, characterized macrohabitat types, examined seasonal variation in Aquatic Invertebrate communities, and explored the effects of an exotic fish (tilapia) on native communities. We documented >220 Aquatic animal species, including several new species and range extensions for others. Macrohabitat type (oasis, tinaja, riffle, and seep) was more important than geographic location in structuring Aquatic Invertebrate communities at the scale of our study area (~9,000 km^2). We found little evidence of predictable seasonal variation in Invertebrate communities, despite dramatic hurricane-induced flooding. Aquatic vertebrates were not diverse across the study region (4 amphibian species and 2 species each of fishes and reptiles), but were often locally abundant. Presence of non-native tilapia at one site was associated with reduced abundances of native leopard frogs and reduced richness and density of native Aquatic Invertebrates. The most pressing Aquatic habitat conservation concerns in the region, as in other deserts, are groundwater withdrawal, unmanaged recreational visitation, and the introduction of exotic species. Spring-fed habitats around the world have been called hotspots of freshwater biodiversity, and those of the Sonoran Desert are no exception.

David F Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of proposed physical ballast tank treatments on Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2007
    Co-Authors: David F Raikow, David F Reid, Ernest R Blatchley, Gregory R Jacobs, Peter F Landrum
    Abstract:

    Adaptations in Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs that confer protection from natural catastrophic events also could confer protection from treatments applied to ballast water for biological invasion vector management. To evaluate the potential efficacy of physical ballast water treatment methods, the present study examined the acute toxicity of heat (flash and holding methods), ultraviolet (UV) radiation (254 nm), and deoxygenation (acute and chronic) on resting eggs of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia mendotae and the marine brine shrimp Artemia sp. Both D. mendotae and Artemia sp. were similarly sensitive to flash exposures of heat (100% mortality at 70 degrees C), but D. mendotae were much more sensitive to prolonged exposures. Exposure to 4,000 mJ/cm2 of UV radiation resulted in mortality rates of 59% in Artemia sp. and 91% in D. mendotae. Deoxygenation to an oxygen concentration of 1 mg/L was maximally toxic to both species. Deoxygenation suppressed hatching of D. mendotae resting eggs at oxygen concentrations of less than 5.5 mg/L and of Artemia sp. resting eggs at concentrations of less than 1 mg/L. Results suggest that UV radiation and deoxygenation are not viable treatment methods with respect to Invertebrate resting eggs because of the impracticality of producing sufficient UV doses and the suppression of hatching at low oxygen concentrations. Results also suggest that the treatment temperatures required to kill resting eggs are much higher than those reported to be effective against other Invertebrate life stages and species. The results, however, do not preclude the effectiveness of these treatments against other organisms or life stages. Nevertheless, if ballast tank treatment systems employing the tested methods are intended to include mitigation of viable resting eggs, then physical removal of large resting eggs and ephippia via filtration would be a necessary initial step.

  • sensitivity of Aquatic Invertebrate resting eggs to seakleen menadione a test of potential ballast tank treatment options
    Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2006
    Co-Authors: David F Raikow, David F Reid, Erynn E Maynard, Peter F Landrum
    Abstract:

    The introduction of Aquatic species in resting life stages by the release of ballast water is a less well-known but potentially important invasive species vector. Best-management practices designed to minimize transport of ballast water cannot eliminate this threat, because residual water and sediment are retained in ballast tanks after draining. To evaluate the potential efficacy of chemical treatment of residual material in ship ballast tanks, the present study examined the acute toxicity of the proposed biocide SeaKleen (menadione; Garnett, Watkinsville, GA, USA) on resting eggs of Brachionus plicatilis (a marine rotifer), a freshwater copepod, Daphnia mendotae (a freshwater cladoceran), and Artemia sp. (a marine brine shrimp). SeaKleen was toxic to resting eggs of all taxa. Daphnia mendotae resting eggs encased in protective ephippia were the least sensitive, as indicated by a 24-h lethal con- centration of toxicant to 90% of organisms of 8.7 mg/L (95% confidence interval, 0.1 mg/L). SeaKleen induced teratogenic effects in D. mendotae and Artemia sp. Exposure to sunlight quickly degraded SeaKleen, which lost all toxicity after 72 h outdoors. SeaKleen increased in toxicity slightly after 72 h in darkness. Burial of D. mendotae ephippia in natural lake sediment reduced SeaKleen toxicity by a factor of 20. Reduced toxicity in the presence of sediment raises serious doubts as to the potential for this, or any, chemical biocide to kill Aquatic Invertebrate resting stages buried in sediment retained in ship ballast tanks. Keywords—Resting egg Biological invasion Ballast SeaKleen Menadione