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Ronald S Tjeerdema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method i organophosphate insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Isabel R Faria, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Water quality criteria are numeric concentrations for chemicals in water bodies that, if not exceeded, should protect Aquatic wildLife from toxic effects of those chemicals. These criteria, which do not consider economics or societal values, typically are derived using the existing toxicity data. Water quality criteria can be used as a basis to set legal and enforceable water quality standards or objectives in accordance with the Clean Water Act.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method ii pyrethroid insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Tessa L Fojut, Amanda J Palumbo, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Pyrethroid insecticides are broad spectrum agents that have been widely detected in sediments and surface waters in the USA (Amweg et al. 2006; Budd et al. 2007; Gan et al. 2005; Hladik and Kuivila 2009; Weston et al. 2004). They are hydrophobic compounds that primarily partition to sediments and solid materials in the water column, and exposure to pyrethroid-contaminated sediments has been demonstrated to produce toxicity in the environment (Anderson et al. 2006; Holmes et al. 2008; Phillips et al. 2010; Weston et al. 2004; Weston et al. 2005). Only very low concentrations are found freely dissolved in the aqueous phase, but these pesticides are still of concern to water quality managers because they exhibit toxicity to Aquatic organisms at very low concentrations (<1 μg/L). Water quality regulators in the USA are required, under the Clean Water Act (section 303(c)(2)(B)), to provide numeric water quality criteria for priority pollutants that could reasonably be expected to interfere with the designated uses of a state’s waters. Numeric water quality criteria are chemical concentrations in water bodies that should protect Aquatic wildLife from the toxic effects of those chemicals, if these concentrations are not exceeded. Numeric criteria are derived using existing toxicity data; consequently, criteria calculation is dependent on the availability of these data. In the USA, there are currently no numeric criteria available for the pyrethroids, and many of the available pyrethroid data sets do not meet the requirements of the 1985 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria derivation methodology (USEPA 1985). One of the goals of developing the UC Davis methodology (UCDM) was to be able to derive criteria for compounds that do not meet all of the USEPA (1985) data requirements, such as the pyrethroids.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method i organophosphate insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Isabel R Faria, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:A new methodology for deriving freshwater Aquatic Life water quality criteria,developed by the University of California Davis, was used to derive criteria for three organophosphate insecticides. The UC Davis methodology resulted in similar criteria to other accepted methods, and incorporated new approaches that enable criteria generation in cases where the existing USEPA guidance cannot be used.Acute and chronic water quality criteria were derived for chlorpyrifos (10 and 10 ng/L, respectively), diazinon (200 and 70 ng/L, respectively), and malathion(170 and 28 ng/L, respectively). For acute criteria derivation, Burr Type III SSDs were fitted to the chlorpyrifos and diazinon acute toxicity data sets while an alternative assessment factor procedure was used for malathion because that acute data set did not contain adequate species diversity to use a distribution.ACRs were used to calculate chronic criteria because there was a dearth of chronic data in all cases, especially for malathion, for which there was a lack of paired acute and chronic invertebrate data. Another alternate procedure enabled calculation of the malathion chronic criterion by combining a default ratio with the experimentally derived ratios. A review of the diazinon chronic criterion found it to be under protective of cladoceran species, so a more protective criterion was calculated using a lower distributional estimate. The acute and chronic data sets were assembled using a transparent and consistent system for judging the relevance and reliability of studies, and the individual study review notes are included.The resulting criteria are unique in that they were reviewed to ensure particular protection of sensitive and threatened and endangered species, and mixture toxicity is incorporated into criteria compliance for all three compounds.For chlorpyrifos and diazinon, the UCDM generated criteria similar to the long-standing USEPA (1985) method, with less taxa requirements, a more statistically robust distribution, and the incorporation of new advances in risk assessment and ecotoxicology. According to the USEPA (1985) method, the data set gathered for malathion would not be sufficient to calculate criteria because it did not contain data for a benthic crustacean. Benthic crustacean data is also required to use a distributional calculation method by the UCDM, but when data is lacking the UCDM provides an alternate calculation method." The resulting criteria are associated with higher, unquantifiable uncertainty, but they are likely more accurate than values generated using static safety factors, which are currently common in risk assessment.
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the university of california davis methodology for deriving Aquatic Life pesticide water quality criteria
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Paul Hann, Joseph Karkoski, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:A national water quality criteria methodology was established in the United States (US) in 1985 (US Environmental Protection Agency; USEPA 1985).1 Since then, several other methods for establishing water quality criteria have been developed around the world, incorporating recent advances in the field of Aquatic toxicology using a variety of different approaches. The authors of a recent review compared existing methodologies and summarized the differences between them (see tables 4 and 5 in TenBrook et al. 2009). TenBrook et al. (2009) observed that although methods from the USEPA provided a good basis for calculating criteria, many newer methodologies added valuable procedures that could improve criteria generation. Of particular concern were cases having small data sets, for which the USEPA (1985) methodology does not allow criteria calculation and provides little guidance. In this review, we elaborate on the review of methodologies by TenBrook et al. (2009) and we propose a new methodology that combines features derived from the existing methodologies that have been determined to generate the most flexible and robust criteria. This new methodology also incorporates results from recent research in Aquatic ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment and is hereafter referred to as the University of California-Davis Methodology (UCDM).
Patti L Tenbrook - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method i organophosphate insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Isabel R Faria, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Water quality criteria are numeric concentrations for chemicals in water bodies that, if not exceeded, should protect Aquatic wildLife from toxic effects of those chemicals. These criteria, which do not consider economics or societal values, typically are derived using the existing toxicity data. Water quality criteria can be used as a basis to set legal and enforceable water quality standards or objectives in accordance with the Clean Water Act.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method i organophosphate insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Isabel R Faria, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:A new methodology for deriving freshwater Aquatic Life water quality criteria,developed by the University of California Davis, was used to derive criteria for three organophosphate insecticides. The UC Davis methodology resulted in similar criteria to other accepted methods, and incorporated new approaches that enable criteria generation in cases where the existing USEPA guidance cannot be used.Acute and chronic water quality criteria were derived for chlorpyrifos (10 and 10 ng/L, respectively), diazinon (200 and 70 ng/L, respectively), and malathion(170 and 28 ng/L, respectively). For acute criteria derivation, Burr Type III SSDs were fitted to the chlorpyrifos and diazinon acute toxicity data sets while an alternative assessment factor procedure was used for malathion because that acute data set did not contain adequate species diversity to use a distribution.ACRs were used to calculate chronic criteria because there was a dearth of chronic data in all cases, especially for malathion, for which there was a lack of paired acute and chronic invertebrate data. Another alternate procedure enabled calculation of the malathion chronic criterion by combining a default ratio with the experimentally derived ratios. A review of the diazinon chronic criterion found it to be under protective of cladoceran species, so a more protective criterion was calculated using a lower distributional estimate. The acute and chronic data sets were assembled using a transparent and consistent system for judging the relevance and reliability of studies, and the individual study review notes are included.The resulting criteria are unique in that they were reviewed to ensure particular protection of sensitive and threatened and endangered species, and mixture toxicity is incorporated into criteria compliance for all three compounds.For chlorpyrifos and diazinon, the UCDM generated criteria similar to the long-standing USEPA (1985) method, with less taxa requirements, a more statistically robust distribution, and the incorporation of new advances in risk assessment and ecotoxicology. According to the USEPA (1985) method, the data set gathered for malathion would not be sufficient to calculate criteria because it did not contain data for a benthic crustacean. Benthic crustacean data is also required to use a distributional calculation method by the UCDM, but when data is lacking the UCDM provides an alternate calculation method." The resulting criteria are associated with higher, unquantifiable uncertainty, but they are likely more accurate than values generated using static safety factors, which are currently common in risk assessment.
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the university of california davis methodology for deriving Aquatic Life pesticide water quality criteria
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Paul Hann, Joseph Karkoski, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:A national water quality criteria methodology was established in the United States (US) in 1985 (US Environmental Protection Agency; USEPA 1985).1 Since then, several other methods for establishing water quality criteria have been developed around the world, incorporating recent advances in the field of Aquatic toxicology using a variety of different approaches. The authors of a recent review compared existing methodologies and summarized the differences between them (see tables 4 and 5 in TenBrook et al. 2009). TenBrook et al. (2009) observed that although methods from the USEPA provided a good basis for calculating criteria, many newer methodologies added valuable procedures that could improve criteria generation. Of particular concern were cases having small data sets, for which the USEPA (1985) methodology does not allow criteria calculation and provides little guidance. In this review, we elaborate on the review of methodologies by TenBrook et al. (2009) and we propose a new methodology that combines features derived from the existing methodologies that have been determined to generate the most flexible and robust criteria. This new methodology also incorporates results from recent research in Aquatic ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment and is hereafter referred to as the University of California-Davis Methodology (UCDM).
Amanda J Palumbo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method i organophosphate insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Isabel R Faria, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Water quality criteria are numeric concentrations for chemicals in water bodies that, if not exceeded, should protect Aquatic wildLife from toxic effects of those chemicals. These criteria, which do not consider economics or societal values, typically are derived using the existing toxicity data. Water quality criteria can be used as a basis to set legal and enforceable water quality standards or objectives in accordance with the Clean Water Act.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method ii pyrethroid insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Tessa L Fojut, Amanda J Palumbo, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Pyrethroid insecticides are broad spectrum agents that have been widely detected in sediments and surface waters in the USA (Amweg et al. 2006; Budd et al. 2007; Gan et al. 2005; Hladik and Kuivila 2009; Weston et al. 2004). They are hydrophobic compounds that primarily partition to sediments and solid materials in the water column, and exposure to pyrethroid-contaminated sediments has been demonstrated to produce toxicity in the environment (Anderson et al. 2006; Holmes et al. 2008; Phillips et al. 2010; Weston et al. 2004; Weston et al. 2005). Only very low concentrations are found freely dissolved in the aqueous phase, but these pesticides are still of concern to water quality managers because they exhibit toxicity to Aquatic organisms at very low concentrations (<1 μg/L). Water quality regulators in the USA are required, under the Clean Water Act (section 303(c)(2)(B)), to provide numeric water quality criteria for priority pollutants that could reasonably be expected to interfere with the designated uses of a state’s waters. Numeric water quality criteria are chemical concentrations in water bodies that should protect Aquatic wildLife from the toxic effects of those chemicals, if these concentrations are not exceeded. Numeric criteria are derived using existing toxicity data; consequently, criteria calculation is dependent on the availability of these data. In the USA, there are currently no numeric criteria available for the pyrethroids, and many of the available pyrethroid data sets do not meet the requirements of the 1985 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria derivation methodology (USEPA 1985). One of the goals of developing the UC Davis methodology (UCDM) was to be able to derive criteria for compounds that do not meet all of the USEPA (1985) data requirements, such as the pyrethroids.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method i organophosphate insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Isabel R Faria, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:A new methodology for deriving freshwater Aquatic Life water quality criteria,developed by the University of California Davis, was used to derive criteria for three organophosphate insecticides. The UC Davis methodology resulted in similar criteria to other accepted methods, and incorporated new approaches that enable criteria generation in cases where the existing USEPA guidance cannot be used.Acute and chronic water quality criteria were derived for chlorpyrifos (10 and 10 ng/L, respectively), diazinon (200 and 70 ng/L, respectively), and malathion(170 and 28 ng/L, respectively). For acute criteria derivation, Burr Type III SSDs were fitted to the chlorpyrifos and diazinon acute toxicity data sets while an alternative assessment factor procedure was used for malathion because that acute data set did not contain adequate species diversity to use a distribution.ACRs were used to calculate chronic criteria because there was a dearth of chronic data in all cases, especially for malathion, for which there was a lack of paired acute and chronic invertebrate data. Another alternate procedure enabled calculation of the malathion chronic criterion by combining a default ratio with the experimentally derived ratios. A review of the diazinon chronic criterion found it to be under protective of cladoceran species, so a more protective criterion was calculated using a lower distributional estimate. The acute and chronic data sets were assembled using a transparent and consistent system for judging the relevance and reliability of studies, and the individual study review notes are included.The resulting criteria are unique in that they were reviewed to ensure particular protection of sensitive and threatened and endangered species, and mixture toxicity is incorporated into criteria compliance for all three compounds.For chlorpyrifos and diazinon, the UCDM generated criteria similar to the long-standing USEPA (1985) method, with less taxa requirements, a more statistically robust distribution, and the incorporation of new advances in risk assessment and ecotoxicology. According to the USEPA (1985) method, the data set gathered for malathion would not be sufficient to calculate criteria because it did not contain data for a benthic crustacean. Benthic crustacean data is also required to use a distributional calculation method by the UCDM, but when data is lacking the UCDM provides an alternate calculation method." The resulting criteria are associated with higher, unquantifiable uncertainty, but they are likely more accurate than values generated using static safety factors, which are currently common in risk assessment.
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the university of california davis methodology for deriving Aquatic Life pesticide water quality criteria
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Paul Hann, Joseph Karkoski, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:A national water quality criteria methodology was established in the United States (US) in 1985 (US Environmental Protection Agency; USEPA 1985).1 Since then, several other methods for establishing water quality criteria have been developed around the world, incorporating recent advances in the field of Aquatic toxicology using a variety of different approaches. The authors of a recent review compared existing methodologies and summarized the differences between them (see tables 4 and 5 in TenBrook et al. 2009). TenBrook et al. (2009) observed that although methods from the USEPA provided a good basis for calculating criteria, many newer methodologies added valuable procedures that could improve criteria generation. Of particular concern were cases having small data sets, for which the USEPA (1985) methodology does not allow criteria calculation and provides little guidance. In this review, we elaborate on the review of methodologies by TenBrook et al. (2009) and we propose a new methodology that combines features derived from the existing methodologies that have been determined to generate the most flexible and robust criteria. This new methodology also incorporates results from recent research in Aquatic ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment and is hereafter referred to as the University of California-Davis Methodology (UCDM).
Tessa L Fojut - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method i organophosphate insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Isabel R Faria, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Water quality criteria are numeric concentrations for chemicals in water bodies that, if not exceeded, should protect Aquatic wildLife from toxic effects of those chemicals. These criteria, which do not consider economics or societal values, typically are derived using the existing toxicity data. Water quality criteria can be used as a basis to set legal and enforceable water quality standards or objectives in accordance with the Clean Water Act.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method ii pyrethroid insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Tessa L Fojut, Amanda J Palumbo, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:Pyrethroid insecticides are broad spectrum agents that have been widely detected in sediments and surface waters in the USA (Amweg et al. 2006; Budd et al. 2007; Gan et al. 2005; Hladik and Kuivila 2009; Weston et al. 2004). They are hydrophobic compounds that primarily partition to sediments and solid materials in the water column, and exposure to pyrethroid-contaminated sediments has been demonstrated to produce toxicity in the environment (Anderson et al. 2006; Holmes et al. 2008; Phillips et al. 2010; Weston et al. 2004; Weston et al. 2005). Only very low concentrations are found freely dissolved in the aqueous phase, but these pesticides are still of concern to water quality managers because they exhibit toxicity to Aquatic organisms at very low concentrations (<1 μg/L). Water quality regulators in the USA are required, under the Clean Water Act (section 303(c)(2)(B)), to provide numeric water quality criteria for priority pollutants that could reasonably be expected to interfere with the designated uses of a state’s waters. Numeric water quality criteria are chemical concentrations in water bodies that should protect Aquatic wildLife from the toxic effects of those chemicals, if these concentrations are not exceeded. Numeric criteria are derived using existing toxicity data; consequently, criteria calculation is dependent on the availability of these data. In the USA, there are currently no numeric criteria available for the pyrethroids, and many of the available pyrethroid data sets do not meet the requirements of the 1985 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria derivation methodology (USEPA 1985). One of the goals of developing the UC Davis methodology (UCDM) was to be able to derive criteria for compounds that do not meet all of the USEPA (1985) data requirements, such as the pyrethroids.
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Aquatic Life water quality criteria derived via the uc davis method i organophosphate insecticides
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Isabel R Faria, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:A new methodology for deriving freshwater Aquatic Life water quality criteria,developed by the University of California Davis, was used to derive criteria for three organophosphate insecticides. The UC Davis methodology resulted in similar criteria to other accepted methods, and incorporated new approaches that enable criteria generation in cases where the existing USEPA guidance cannot be used.Acute and chronic water quality criteria were derived for chlorpyrifos (10 and 10 ng/L, respectively), diazinon (200 and 70 ng/L, respectively), and malathion(170 and 28 ng/L, respectively). For acute criteria derivation, Burr Type III SSDs were fitted to the chlorpyrifos and diazinon acute toxicity data sets while an alternative assessment factor procedure was used for malathion because that acute data set did not contain adequate species diversity to use a distribution.ACRs were used to calculate chronic criteria because there was a dearth of chronic data in all cases, especially for malathion, for which there was a lack of paired acute and chronic invertebrate data. Another alternate procedure enabled calculation of the malathion chronic criterion by combining a default ratio with the experimentally derived ratios. A review of the diazinon chronic criterion found it to be under protective of cladoceran species, so a more protective criterion was calculated using a lower distributional estimate. The acute and chronic data sets were assembled using a transparent and consistent system for judging the relevance and reliability of studies, and the individual study review notes are included.The resulting criteria are unique in that they were reviewed to ensure particular protection of sensitive and threatened and endangered species, and mixture toxicity is incorporated into criteria compliance for all three compounds.For chlorpyrifos and diazinon, the UCDM generated criteria similar to the long-standing USEPA (1985) method, with less taxa requirements, a more statistically robust distribution, and the incorporation of new advances in risk assessment and ecotoxicology. According to the USEPA (1985) method, the data set gathered for malathion would not be sufficient to calculate criteria because it did not contain data for a benthic crustacean. Benthic crustacean data is also required to use a distributional calculation method by the UCDM, but when data is lacking the UCDM provides an alternate calculation method." The resulting criteria are associated with higher, unquantifiable uncertainty, but they are likely more accurate than values generated using static safety factors, which are currently common in risk assessment.
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the university of california davis methodology for deriving Aquatic Life pesticide water quality criteria
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010Co-Authors: Amanda J Palumbo, Patti L Tenbrook, Tessa L Fojut, Paul Hann, Joseph Karkoski, Ronald S TjeerdemaAbstract:A national water quality criteria methodology was established in the United States (US) in 1985 (US Environmental Protection Agency; USEPA 1985).1 Since then, several other methods for establishing water quality criteria have been developed around the world, incorporating recent advances in the field of Aquatic toxicology using a variety of different approaches. The authors of a recent review compared existing methodologies and summarized the differences between them (see tables 4 and 5 in TenBrook et al. 2009). TenBrook et al. (2009) observed that although methods from the USEPA provided a good basis for calculating criteria, many newer methodologies added valuable procedures that could improve criteria generation. Of particular concern were cases having small data sets, for which the USEPA (1985) methodology does not allow criteria calculation and provides little guidance. In this review, we elaborate on the review of methodologies by TenBrook et al. (2009) and we propose a new methodology that combines features derived from the existing methodologies that have been determined to generate the most flexible and robust criteria. This new methodology also incorporates results from recent research in Aquatic ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment and is hereafter referred to as the University of California-Davis Methodology (UCDM).
Mohamed E. Goher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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indices of water quality and metal pollution of nile river egypt
The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 2017Co-Authors: Amaal M Abdelsatar, Mohamed E. GoherAbstract:Abstract Nile River is the valued natural and exclusive source of fresh water in Egypt, where the drinking water supply is limited to the river. The water quality of 24 sites between Aswan and Cairo along the Nile was investigated. To evaluate the suitability of water for Aquatic Life and drinking purposes, the indices of water quality (WQI), heavy metal pollution (HPI) and contamination (Cd) were computed. The water quality variations were mainly related to inorganic nutrients and heavy metals, where, the sites affected by intensive load of urban, agricultural and industrial wastewater showed serious deterioration of water quality compared with other sites. The anthropogenic impact sites showed high HPI and Cd values and associated with high risks, where, most of the studied metals often exceeded the drinking water and Aquatic Life limits. The Aquatic WQI indicated that the Nile water quality deteriorated and extended from poor to marginal, while drinking WQI varied from marginal to good. Accordingly, the river becoming unfit for Aquatic Life and the situation is getting worse by decreases in the water budget from the Nile in Egypt by building of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, where the dilution strength of the Nile system will reduce.
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evaluation of surface water quality and heavy metal indices of ismailia canal nile river egypt
The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Mohamed E. Goher, Ali M Hassan, Ibrahim A Abdelmoniem, Ayman H Fahmy, Seliem M ElsayedAbstract:Ismailia Canal is one of the most important branches of the Nile River in Egypt. It is the main source of drinking and irrigation water for many cities. Weighted arithmetic method of water quality index (WQI) was used to evaluate the water quality of Ismailia Canal according to drinking, irrigation and Aquatic Life water utilizations. The objective of the index is to transform complex water quality data into understandable and usable information by the public. The WQI values of Ismailia Canal are good to poor for drinking and Aquatic Life utilizations, and excellent for irrigation utilization. Metal index (MI) and pollution index (PI) were calculated to assess the contaminations of the canal water with the metals (Al+3, Cd+2. Cu+2, Fe+2, Mn+2, Ni+2, Pb+2 and Zn+2). MI and PI values denote the dangerous pollution of the canal water, which is described as seriously at most sites along, in particular for drinking and fisheries utilizations. It may be attributed to the effluents of different industrial wastes arriving at the canal water. Law 48/1982 for the protection of the Nile River and its waterways against pollution must be enforced to prevent the obvious deterioration of the canal water and to improve its quality.