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Sambandam Anandan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sonophotocatalytic mineralization of Norflurazon in Aqueous Environment.
Chemosphere, 2016Co-Authors: Panneerselvam Sathishkumar, Ramalinga Viswanathan Mangalaraja, Oscar Rozas, Carola Vergara, Héctor D. Mansilla, M.a. Gracia-pinilla, Sambandam AnandanAbstract:Norflurazon (4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridazin-3(2H)-one; C12H9ClF3N3O) is an excellent weed controlling agent being practiced in the agricultural lands. The excessive addition or the undissolved Norflurazon (maximum solubility 28 mg/L at 25 °C) enters into the aquatic Environment and causes the adverse effects associated with its high concentration. To avoid the perilous effects, visible light assisted photocatalysis set-up coupled with the 42 kHz ultrasound producing bath type sonicator is used to completely mineralize the Norflurazon. TiO2, ZnO and gold loaded zinc oxide nanocatalysts were utilized to study the mineralization of Norflurazon. Au-ZnO shows the greater efficiency for the sonophotocatalytic removal of Norflurazon among the various nanocatalysts employed to study the mineralization. The order of Norflurazon mineralization was sonophotocatalysis > sonocatalysis > photocatalysis. The additive effect was achieved for the sonophotocatalytic degradation. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LCMS) analyses were employed to identify the various intermediates produced during the mineralization. The identification of four pseudo molecular ions and various intermediates using the LCMS analysis evidently suggests the sonophotocatalytic degradation was preceded in various decay pathways. A suitable mechanism has been proposed for the sonophotocatalytic mineralization of Norflurazon.
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ultrasound assisted photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac in an Aqueous Environment
Chemosphere, 2010Co-Authors: Jagannathan Madhavan, Sambandam Anandan, Panneer Selvam Sathish Kumar, Meifang Zhou, Franz Grieser, Muthupandian AshokkumarAbstract:Diclofenac (DF) is an anti-inflammatory drug found in Aqueous Environments as a pollutant due to its widespread use. The sonolytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of DF using three photocatalysts (TiO2, ZnO and Fe–ZnO) were studied. The degradation of DF followed first-order like kinetics. The sonophotocatalytic degradation using TiO2 under UV–vis radiation showed a slight synergistic enhancement in the degradation of the parent compound, whereas a detrimental effect was observed for the mineralization process. In the case of Fe–ZnO, both degradation and mineralization showed near additive effects. A number of degradation products were identified.
Enhou Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the evolution of electrochemical behaviour and oxide film properties of 304 stainless steel in high temperature Aqueous Environment
Electrochimica Acta, 2012Co-Authors: Enhou HanAbstract:The evolution of electrochemical behaviour and oxide film properties of 304 stainless steel in high temperature Aqueous Environment have been studied by polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical data indicate that the corrosion resistance of the steel increases with immersion time. The EIS and XPS analyses show that the oxide films are a duplex structure and the corrosion rate is dominated mainly by the Cr-rich inner layer. The correlation between the evolution of the electrochemical behaviour and the changes of the oxide film properties is discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ben Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pH-responsive smart fabrics with controllable wettability in different surroundings
RSC Advances, 2014Co-Authors: Ben WangAbstract:Carboxyl-terminated polymers are known as good candidates for realizing the surfaces pH-responsive wettability. In the present work, we have successfully fabricated smart fabrics with both pH-responsive water wettability in air and pH-responsive oil wettability underwater via in situ growth of Ag nanocrystals on the fabric surface followed by surface modification with a mixture of methyl-terminated thiol and carboxyl-terminated thiol. In air, the resultant fabric shows superhydrophobic property to neutral and acidic water and superhydrophilic property to basic water. In Aqueous Environment, the fabric shows superoleophilic property in acidic/neutral Aqueous Environment and superoleophobic property in basic Aqueous Environment. The resultant fabric is expected to be used in many practical applications, such as the design of functional interface materials for either in-air or underwater surrounding and dual water/oil on–off switch.
Thomas J Salinas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of fracture resistance in Aqueous Environment under dynamic loading of lithium disilicate restorative systems for posterior applications part 2
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2014Co-Authors: Matilda Dhima, Alan B Carr, Thomas J Salinas, Christine M Lohse, Lawrence J BerglundAbstract:Purpose The goals of part 2 of the study presented here were 1) to assess whether there is a difference in failure mode of different thicknesses (2.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mm) of anatomically standardized full contour monolithic lithium disilicate restorations for posterior teeth, and 2) to assess if there is a difference among various crown thicknesses when these restorations are subjected to dynamic load forces common for posterior teeth. Materials and Methods Four groups (n = 10), each with a different thickness of anatomically appropriate all-ceramic crowns, were to be tested as established from the statistical analysis of the preliminary phase. Group 1: 2.0 mm; group 2: 1.5 mm; group 3: 1.0 mm; group 4: 0.5 mm. The specimens were adhesively luted to the corresponding die, and underwent dynamic cyclic loading (380 to 390 N) completely submerged in an Aqueous Environment until a failure was noted by graphic recording and continuous monitoring. Results There was a statistically significant difference of the fatigue cycles to failure among four groups (p < 0.001; Kruskal-Wallis test). The mean number of cycles to fail for 2.0 mm specimens was 17 times more than the mean number of cycles to fail for 1.0 mm specimens and 1.5 times more than the mean number of cycles to fail for 1.5 mm specimens. The 0.5 mm specimens failed with one cycle of loading. A qualitative characteristic noted among the 2.0 mm specimens was wear of the area of indenter contact followed by shearing of the material and/or crack propagation. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, it may be reasonable to consider a crown thickness of 1.5 mm or greater for clinical applications of milled monolithic lithium disilicate crowns for posterior single teeth.
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evaluation of fracture resistance in Aqueous Environment of four restorative systems for posterior applications part 1
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2013Co-Authors: Matilda Dhima, Daniel A Assad, John E Volz, Kai Nan An, Lawrence J Berglund, Alan B Carr, Thomas J SalinasAbstract:PURPOSE: The goals of this study were to: (1) establish a range of the performance of four restorative systems for posterior single-tooth crowns under single load to fracture submerged in an Aqueous Environment, (2) identify restorative system(s) of interest to be examined in the second study phase under sliding contact step-stress fatigue as full-contour anatomically appropriate single posterior tooth restoration(s), (3) establish a range for loading/testing for phase 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty specimens (n = 10/group) of 2 mm uniform thickness were tested. Group 1: monolithic lithium disilicate IPS e.max Press; group 2: IPS e.max ZirPress, 0.8 mm zirconia core with 1.2 mm pressed veneering porcelain; group 3: IPS e.max ZirPress, 0.4 mm zirconia core with 1.6 mm pressed veneering porcelain; group 4: IPS InLine PoM. Specimens were bonded to a block of polycast acrylic resin on a 30° sloped surface with resin cement. Specimens were axially single loaded to failure while submerged under water. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in failure load among the four restorative systems. Lithium disilicate showed a mean failure load similar to mean maximum posterior bite forces (743.1 ± 114.3 N). IPS e.max Zirpress with a 0.4 mm zirconia core exhibited the lowest mean failure load (371.4 ± 123.0 N). CONCLUSION: Fracture resistance of monolithic lithium disilicate in an Aqueous Environment is promising and requires second phase testing to evaluate the potential of various thicknesses appropriate for posterior single tooth applications. Doubling the IPS e.max Zirpress zirconia core from 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm increased the fracture resistance of this restorative system threefold.
Panneerselvam Sathishkumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sonophotocatalytic mineralization of Norflurazon in Aqueous Environment.
Chemosphere, 2016Co-Authors: Panneerselvam Sathishkumar, Ramalinga Viswanathan Mangalaraja, Oscar Rozas, Carola Vergara, Héctor D. Mansilla, M.a. Gracia-pinilla, Sambandam AnandanAbstract:Norflurazon (4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridazin-3(2H)-one; C12H9ClF3N3O) is an excellent weed controlling agent being practiced in the agricultural lands. The excessive addition or the undissolved Norflurazon (maximum solubility 28 mg/L at 25 °C) enters into the aquatic Environment and causes the adverse effects associated with its high concentration. To avoid the perilous effects, visible light assisted photocatalysis set-up coupled with the 42 kHz ultrasound producing bath type sonicator is used to completely mineralize the Norflurazon. TiO2, ZnO and gold loaded zinc oxide nanocatalysts were utilized to study the mineralization of Norflurazon. Au-ZnO shows the greater efficiency for the sonophotocatalytic removal of Norflurazon among the various nanocatalysts employed to study the mineralization. The order of Norflurazon mineralization was sonophotocatalysis > sonocatalysis > photocatalysis. The additive effect was achieved for the sonophotocatalytic degradation. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LCMS) analyses were employed to identify the various intermediates produced during the mineralization. The identification of four pseudo molecular ions and various intermediates using the LCMS analysis evidently suggests the sonophotocatalytic degradation was preceded in various decay pathways. A suitable mechanism has been proposed for the sonophotocatalytic mineralization of Norflurazon.