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Walter Goessler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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homoarsenocholine a novel Arsenic Compound detected for the first time in nature
Talanta, 2018Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Toma N Glasnov, Gema Guedes De La Cruz, Kenneth B Jensen, Walter GoesslerAbstract:Abstract The Arsenic speciation was determined in macrofungi of the Ramaria genus with HPLC coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Besides Arsenic species that are already known for macrofungi, like arsenobetaine or arsenocholine, two Compounds that were only known from marine samples so far (trimethylarsoniopropanate and dimethylarsinoylacetate) were found for the first time in a terrestrial sample. An unknown Arsenical was isolated and identified as homoarsenocholine. This could be a key intermediate for further elucidation of the biotransformation mechanisms of Arsenic.
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A unique Arsenic speciation profile in Elaphomyces spp. (“deer truffles”)—trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid as significant Arsenic Compounds
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Walter GoesslerAbstract:Arsenic and its species were investigated for the first time in nine collections of Elaphomyces spp. (“deer truffles”) from the Czech Republic with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICPMS. The total Arsenic concentrations ranged from 12 to 42 mg kg^−1 dry mass in samples of E. asperulus and from 120 to 660 mg kg^−1 dry mass in E. granulatus and E. muricatus . These concentrations are remarkably high for terrestrial organisms and demonstrate the Arsenic-accumulating ability of these fungi. The dominating Arsenic species in all samples was methylarsonic acid which accounted for more than 30% of the extractable Arsenic. Arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid, and inorganic Arsenic were present as well, but only at trace concentrations. Surprisingly, we found high amounts of trimethylarsine oxide in all samples (0.32–28% of the extractable Arsenic). Even more remarkable was that all but two samples contained significant amounts of the highly toxic trivalent Arsenic Compound methylarsonous acid (0.08–0.73% of the extractable Arsenic). This is the first report of the occurrence of trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid at significant concentrations in a terrestrial organism. Our findings point out that there is still a lot to be understood about the biotransformation pathways of Arsenic in the terrestrial environment. Graphical abstract Trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid in “deer truffles”
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a unique Arsenic speciation profile in elaphomyces spp deer truffles trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid as significant Arsenic Compounds
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Walter GoesslerAbstract:Arsenic and its species were investigated for the first time in nine collections of Elaphomyces spp. (“deer truffles”) from the Czech Republic with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICPMS. The total Arsenic concentrations ranged from 12 to 42 mg kg−1 dry mass in samples of E. asperulus and from 120 to 660 mg kg−1 dry mass in E. granulatus and E. muricatus. These concentrations are remarkably high for terrestrial organisms and demonstrate the Arsenic-accumulating ability of these fungi. The dominating Arsenic species in all samples was methylarsonic acid which accounted for more than 30% of the extractable Arsenic. Arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid, and inorganic Arsenic were present as well, but only at trace concentrations. Surprisingly, we found high amounts of trimethylarsine oxide in all samples (0.32–28% of the extractable Arsenic). Even more remarkable was that all but two samples contained significant amounts of the highly toxic trivalent Arsenic Compound methylarsonous acid (0.08–0.73% of the extractable Arsenic). This is the first report of the occurrence of trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid at significant concentrations in a terrestrial organism. Our findings point out that there is still a lot to be understood about the biotransformation pathways of Arsenic in the terrestrial environment.
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Arsenic Compounds in the leaves and roots of radish grown in three soils treated by dimethylarsinic acid
Plant Soil and Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Pavel Tlustoš, Walter Goessler, Jiřina Száková, Daniela Pavlíková, J. BalíkAbstract:The effect of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) on the growth of radish and the content of As Compounds in roots and leaves of the radish were investigated. Radish was grown in pots in three soils (Fluvisols, Chernozems and Luvisols) amended with 20 mg As/kg of soil in form of DMA. Behavior and transformations of DMA in the soils differed depending on the individual soil type. In the first season, plants grew up at Luvisols only. In the second season the plants were able to grow at Luvisols and Chernozems, too. The roots and leaves of radish from Luvisols had DMA as the dominant Arsenic Compound present (∼90% in the extract) in the first season. In the roots of the subsequently growing radish DMA accounted for 20% and arsenite for most of the total Arsenic in the extract. In the leaves of the second-crop of radish DMA remained the dominant Arsenic Compound (∼60% in the extract) with arsenate and arsenite for the remaining 40%. Roots and leaves of radish grown in Chernozems and Luvisols had a similar pattern of Arsenic Compounds. Soil properties significantly affected transformation of As species in the soils. At Fluvisols was the lowest As immobilization and about 98% was found as DMA after two years of experiments in the other two soils was higher As immobilization and DMA was recovered to inorganic As (V) - 31% in Luvisols and 78% in Chernozems.
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Resurrection of Cortinarius coalescens: taxonomy, chemistry, and ecology
Mycological Progress, 2017Co-Authors: Jan Borovicka, Tobias G. Frøslev, Jan Kamenik, Anna žigova, Balint Dima, Simone Braeuer, M. Gryndler, Walter Goessler, Reinhold KärcherAbstract:Cortinarius coalescens Kärcher & Seibt is a rare European species of the subgenus Phlegmacium , section Phlegmacioides , neglected in recent molecular studies. New primers (CortF and CortR) designed for species in the section Phlegmacioides allowed to obtain ITS rDNA sequence data from the holotype collection of C. coalescens ; according to the results, this epithet has priority over C. crassorum Rob. Henry ex Rob. Henry, C. pardinus Reumaux, and C. parargutus Bidaud, Moënne-Locc. & Reumaux. Morphological and ecological observations on recent collections of C. coalescens from the Czech Republic in comparison with the co-occurring C. largus are discussed. Nomenclatural and taxonomic comments on C. tomentosus Rob. Henry, C. balteatotomentosus Rob. Henry, and C. subtomentosus Reumaux are also provided. So far, C. coalescens is known with certainty from Germany, France, and the Czech Republic, where it grows in deciduous forests on acid to neutral soils. Arsenic and its Compounds were determined in C. coalescens and related species of the section Phlegmacioides : C. largus , C. pseudodaulnoyae , and C. variecolor . Total Arsenic concentrations were in the range 3.6–30.2 mg kg^−1 (dry matter) and arsenobetaine was the major Arsenic Compound.
Kitao Fujiwara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of in vivo acute immunotoxicity of arsenocholine a trimethyl Arsenic Compound in seafood
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Takami Ohta, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:In this study, we observed the first in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)arsonium cation, namely arsenocholine (AsCho), which is present in marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries. It has been reported that AsCho has significant acute in vivo toxicity. A high dose of the synthetic pure AsCho was administered to CDF 1 mice intraperitoneally (0.1 g kg -1 mouse weight) or orally (a total of 10.0 g kg -1 mouse weight); its effect on the immune organs and immune effector cells was assessed. Administered AsCho, especially via the oral route, showed weak and partial, but significant, in vivo immunotoxicity in mice, although it did not cause any severe acute inflammatory responses.
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effects of arsenobetaine a major organic Arsenic Compound in seafood on the maturation and functions of human peripheral blood monocytes macrophages and dendritic cells
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Takami Ohta, Teruaki Sakurai, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:We examine the in vitro immunotoxicity of synthetically pure arsenobetaine [AsBe; trimethyl (carboxymethyl) arsonium zwitterion], which is a major organic Arsenic Compound in seafood, on various human immune cells, such as peripheral blood monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). In particular, we examine the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages or DCs by comparing the effects of AsBe with those pentavalent inorganic arsenate. AsBe neither enhanced nor inhibited the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages or DCs, and also did not affect their various immune functions. Furthermore, AsBe had no cytolethality in monocyte-derived macrophages or DCs even at a concentration of 5 mmol l−1. In contrast, inorganic arsenate showed strong cytolethality in these human immune cells in vitro at micromolar concentrations. These data indicate that the organic Arsenic Compound AsBe in seafood has no in vitro immunotoxicity in human immune cells. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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evaluation of in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a major organic Arsenic Compound arsenobetaine in seafood
International Immunopharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Takami Ohta, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:Abstract In this study, we observed the in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a trimethyl Arsenic Compound, arsenobetaine (AsBe), which is present in large quantities in various marine animals that are daily ingested as seafood in many countries. The synthetic pure AsBe was orally administered to CDF 1 mice at a dose of 1.625 g/kg mouse weight once a day on days −6, −4, −2 and 0 (four times, total 6.5 g/kg mouse weight), and its effect on the immune organs and immune effector cells were assessed until day 8. Orally administered AsBe was temporally distributed to the immune organs, such as the spleen and thymus, but was not very toxic both quantitatively and qualitatively on these immune organs and immune effector cells, splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages. This finding suggests that the ingestion of AsBe contained in marine animals is relatively safe to the health of people who often consume marine animals in their daily diet.
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study of in vitro cytotoxicity of arsenocholine a trimethyl Arsenic Compound in seafood
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Hidetoshi Kumata, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:We examined the in vitro cytotoxic effects of an organic Arsenic Compound contained in seafood, viz. the trimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)-arsonium cation, or arsenocholine (AsCho), on some murine immune effector cells, such as splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow (BM) cells using synthesized pure material. We found that AsCho had no cytotoxicity on most immune effector cells, even at concentrations over 10 mmol dm -3 , and it slightly but significantly enhanced the viability of BM cells at doses over 100 μmol dm -3 . This biological effect of AsCho on BM cells might be direct rather than due to autocrine mechanisms mediating some factors secreted by AsCho-stimulated BM cells, because the culture supernatants of BM cells pre-stimulated with AsCho did not influence the viability of other fresh BM cells. It is interesting that this unique biological effect was found in AsCho, an organic Arsenic Compound contained in some marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries.
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cytotoxicological aspects of the organic Arsenic Compound arsenobetaine in marine animals
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Chikara Kojima, Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Hidetoshi Kumata, Wei Qu, Michael P Waalkes, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:In this study, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of arsenobetaine [AsBe; trimethyl (carboxymethyl) arsonium zwitterion], which is a major organic Arsenic Compound in marine animals, to various mammalian cells, such as mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, rat liver TRL1215 cells and human skin TIG-112 cells, using a synthetic pure material. As a result, we demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of AsBe is very weak even at concentrations over 20 mmol dm -3 in all these cells. Also, AsBe did not affect various functions of the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, viz interleukin-1α production, cellular lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase) activity and nitric oxide (NO - 2 ) secretion. AsBe showed a weak effect on the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in these cells, and it slightly reduced the cellular GSH levels for a while. These data suggest that AsBe shows no cytotoxicity but has some effects on mammalian cells.
Teruaki Sakurai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toxicity of a trivalent organic Arsenic Compound dimethylarsinous glutathione in a rat liver cell line trl 1215
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Chikara Kojima, Y Kobayashi, S Hirano, Masumi H Sakurai, M P Waalkes, S HimenoAbstract:Background and purpose: Although inorganic arsenite (AsIII) is toxic in humans, it has recently emerged as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In humans and most animals, AsIII is enzymatically methylated in the liver to weakly toxic dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) that is a major pentavalent methylArsenic metabolite. Recent reports have indicated that trivalent methylArsenicals are produced through methylation of AsIII and participate in Arsenic poisoning. Trivalent methylArsenicals may be generated as Arsenical–glutathione conjugates, such as dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAsIIIG), during the methylation process. However, less information is available on the cytotoxicity of DMAsIIIG.
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evaluation of in vivo acute immunotoxicity of arsenocholine a trimethyl Arsenic Compound in seafood
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Takami Ohta, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:In this study, we observed the first in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)arsonium cation, namely arsenocholine (AsCho), which is present in marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries. It has been reported that AsCho has significant acute in vivo toxicity. A high dose of the synthetic pure AsCho was administered to CDF 1 mice intraperitoneally (0.1 g kg -1 mouse weight) or orally (a total of 10.0 g kg -1 mouse weight); its effect on the immune organs and immune effector cells was assessed. Administered AsCho, especially via the oral route, showed weak and partial, but significant, in vivo immunotoxicity in mice, although it did not cause any severe acute inflammatory responses.
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effects of arsenobetaine a major organic Arsenic Compound in seafood on the maturation and functions of human peripheral blood monocytes macrophages and dendritic cells
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Takami Ohta, Teruaki Sakurai, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:We examine the in vitro immunotoxicity of synthetically pure arsenobetaine [AsBe; trimethyl (carboxymethyl) arsonium zwitterion], which is a major organic Arsenic Compound in seafood, on various human immune cells, such as peripheral blood monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). In particular, we examine the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages or DCs by comparing the effects of AsBe with those pentavalent inorganic arsenate. AsBe neither enhanced nor inhibited the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages or DCs, and also did not affect their various immune functions. Furthermore, AsBe had no cytolethality in monocyte-derived macrophages or DCs even at a concentration of 5 mmol l−1. In contrast, inorganic arsenate showed strong cytolethality in these human immune cells in vitro at micromolar concentrations. These data indicate that the organic Arsenic Compound AsBe in seafood has no in vitro immunotoxicity in human immune cells. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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evaluation of in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a major organic Arsenic Compound arsenobetaine in seafood
International Immunopharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Takami Ohta, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:Abstract In this study, we observed the in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a trimethyl Arsenic Compound, arsenobetaine (AsBe), which is present in large quantities in various marine animals that are daily ingested as seafood in many countries. The synthetic pure AsBe was orally administered to CDF 1 mice at a dose of 1.625 g/kg mouse weight once a day on days −6, −4, −2 and 0 (four times, total 6.5 g/kg mouse weight), and its effect on the immune organs and immune effector cells were assessed until day 8. Orally administered AsBe was temporally distributed to the immune organs, such as the spleen and thymus, but was not very toxic both quantitatively and qualitatively on these immune organs and immune effector cells, splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages. This finding suggests that the ingestion of AsBe contained in marine animals is relatively safe to the health of people who often consume marine animals in their daily diet.
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study of in vitro cytotoxicity of arsenocholine a trimethyl Arsenic Compound in seafood
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Hidetoshi Kumata, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:We examined the in vitro cytotoxic effects of an organic Arsenic Compound contained in seafood, viz. the trimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)-arsonium cation, or arsenocholine (AsCho), on some murine immune effector cells, such as splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow (BM) cells using synthesized pure material. We found that AsCho had no cytotoxicity on most immune effector cells, even at concentrations over 10 mmol dm -3 , and it slightly but significantly enhanced the viability of BM cells at doses over 100 μmol dm -3 . This biological effect of AsCho on BM cells might be direct rather than due to autocrine mechanisms mediating some factors secreted by AsCho-stimulated BM cells, because the culture supernatants of BM cells pre-stimulated with AsCho did not influence the viability of other fresh BM cells. It is interesting that this unique biological effect was found in AsCho, an organic Arsenic Compound contained in some marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries.
Simone Braeuer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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homoarsenocholine a novel Arsenic Compound detected for the first time in nature
Talanta, 2018Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Toma N Glasnov, Gema Guedes De La Cruz, Kenneth B Jensen, Walter GoesslerAbstract:Abstract The Arsenic speciation was determined in macrofungi of the Ramaria genus with HPLC coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Besides Arsenic species that are already known for macrofungi, like arsenobetaine or arsenocholine, two Compounds that were only known from marine samples so far (trimethylarsoniopropanate and dimethylarsinoylacetate) were found for the first time in a terrestrial sample. An unknown Arsenical was isolated and identified as homoarsenocholine. This could be a key intermediate for further elucidation of the biotransformation mechanisms of Arsenic.
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A unique Arsenic speciation profile in Elaphomyces spp. (“deer truffles”)—trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid as significant Arsenic Compounds
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Walter GoesslerAbstract:Arsenic and its species were investigated for the first time in nine collections of Elaphomyces spp. (“deer truffles”) from the Czech Republic with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICPMS. The total Arsenic concentrations ranged from 12 to 42 mg kg^−1 dry mass in samples of E. asperulus and from 120 to 660 mg kg^−1 dry mass in E. granulatus and E. muricatus . These concentrations are remarkably high for terrestrial organisms and demonstrate the Arsenic-accumulating ability of these fungi. The dominating Arsenic species in all samples was methylarsonic acid which accounted for more than 30% of the extractable Arsenic. Arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid, and inorganic Arsenic were present as well, but only at trace concentrations. Surprisingly, we found high amounts of trimethylarsine oxide in all samples (0.32–28% of the extractable Arsenic). Even more remarkable was that all but two samples contained significant amounts of the highly toxic trivalent Arsenic Compound methylarsonous acid (0.08–0.73% of the extractable Arsenic). This is the first report of the occurrence of trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid at significant concentrations in a terrestrial organism. Our findings point out that there is still a lot to be understood about the biotransformation pathways of Arsenic in the terrestrial environment. Graphical abstract Trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid in “deer truffles”
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a unique Arsenic speciation profile in elaphomyces spp deer truffles trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid as significant Arsenic Compounds
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Simone Braeuer, Jan Borovicka, Walter GoesslerAbstract:Arsenic and its species were investigated for the first time in nine collections of Elaphomyces spp. (“deer truffles”) from the Czech Republic with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ICPMS. The total Arsenic concentrations ranged from 12 to 42 mg kg−1 dry mass in samples of E. asperulus and from 120 to 660 mg kg−1 dry mass in E. granulatus and E. muricatus. These concentrations are remarkably high for terrestrial organisms and demonstrate the Arsenic-accumulating ability of these fungi. The dominating Arsenic species in all samples was methylarsonic acid which accounted for more than 30% of the extractable Arsenic. Arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid, and inorganic Arsenic were present as well, but only at trace concentrations. Surprisingly, we found high amounts of trimethylarsine oxide in all samples (0.32–28% of the extractable Arsenic). Even more remarkable was that all but two samples contained significant amounts of the highly toxic trivalent Arsenic Compound methylarsonous acid (0.08–0.73% of the extractable Arsenic). This is the first report of the occurrence of trimethylarsine oxide and methylarsonous acid at significant concentrations in a terrestrial organism. Our findings point out that there is still a lot to be understood about the biotransformation pathways of Arsenic in the terrestrial environment.
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Resurrection of Cortinarius coalescens: taxonomy, chemistry, and ecology
Mycological Progress, 2017Co-Authors: Jan Borovicka, Tobias G. Frøslev, Jan Kamenik, Anna žigova, Balint Dima, Simone Braeuer, M. Gryndler, Walter Goessler, Reinhold KärcherAbstract:Cortinarius coalescens Kärcher & Seibt is a rare European species of the subgenus Phlegmacium , section Phlegmacioides , neglected in recent molecular studies. New primers (CortF and CortR) designed for species in the section Phlegmacioides allowed to obtain ITS rDNA sequence data from the holotype collection of C. coalescens ; according to the results, this epithet has priority over C. crassorum Rob. Henry ex Rob. Henry, C. pardinus Reumaux, and C. parargutus Bidaud, Moënne-Locc. & Reumaux. Morphological and ecological observations on recent collections of C. coalescens from the Czech Republic in comparison with the co-occurring C. largus are discussed. Nomenclatural and taxonomic comments on C. tomentosus Rob. Henry, C. balteatotomentosus Rob. Henry, and C. subtomentosus Reumaux are also provided. So far, C. coalescens is known with certainty from Germany, France, and the Czech Republic, where it grows in deciduous forests on acid to neutral soils. Arsenic and its Compounds were determined in C. coalescens and related species of the section Phlegmacioides : C. largus , C. pseudodaulnoyae , and C. variecolor . Total Arsenic concentrations were in the range 3.6–30.2 mg kg^−1 (dry matter) and arsenobetaine was the major Arsenic Compound.
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Resurrection of Cortinarius coalescens : taxonomy, chemistry, and ecology
Mycological Progress, 2017Co-Authors: Jan Borovicka, Tobias G. Frøslev, Jan Kamenik, Anna žigova, Balint Dima, Simone Braeuer, M. Gryndler, Walter Goessler, Reinhold KärcherAbstract:Cortinarius coalescens Karcher & Seibt is a rare European species of the subgenus Phlegmacium, section Phlegmacioides, neglected in recent molecular studies. New primers (CortF and CortR) designed for species in the section Phlegmacioides allowed to obtain ITS rDNA sequence data from the holotype collection of C. coalescens; according to the results, this epithet has priority over C. crassorum Rob. Henry ex Rob. Henry, C. pardinus Reumaux, and C. parargutus Bidaud, Moenne-Locc. & Reumaux. Morphological and ecological observations on recent collections of C. coalescens from the Czech Republic in comparison with the co-occurring C. largus are discussed. Nomenclatural and taxonomic comments on C. tomentosus Rob. Henry, C. balteatotomentosus Rob. Henry, and C. subtomentosus Reumaux are also provided. So far, C. coalescens is known with certainty from Germany, France, and the Czech Republic, where it grows in deciduous forests on acid to neutral soils. Arsenic and its Compounds were determined in C. coalescens and related species of the section Phlegmacioides: C. largus, C. pseudodaulnoyae, and C. variecolor. Total Arsenic concentrations were in the range 3.6–30.2 mg kg−1 (dry matter) and arsenobetaine was the major Arsenic Compound.
Chikara Kojima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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toxicity of a trivalent organic Arsenic Compound dimethylarsinous glutathione in a rat liver cell line trl 1215
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Chikara Kojima, Y Kobayashi, S Hirano, Masumi H Sakurai, M P Waalkes, S HimenoAbstract:Background and purpose: Although inorganic arsenite (AsIII) is toxic in humans, it has recently emerged as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In humans and most animals, AsIII is enzymatically methylated in the liver to weakly toxic dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) that is a major pentavalent methylArsenic metabolite. Recent reports have indicated that trivalent methylArsenicals are produced through methylation of AsIII and participate in Arsenic poisoning. Trivalent methylArsenicals may be generated as Arsenical–glutathione conjugates, such as dimethylarsinous glutathione (DMAsIIIG), during the methylation process. However, less information is available on the cytotoxicity of DMAsIIIG.
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evaluation of in vivo acute immunotoxicity of arsenocholine a trimethyl Arsenic Compound in seafood
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Takami Ohta, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:In this study, we observed the first in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)arsonium cation, namely arsenocholine (AsCho), which is present in marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries. It has been reported that AsCho has significant acute in vivo toxicity. A high dose of the synthetic pure AsCho was administered to CDF 1 mice intraperitoneally (0.1 g kg -1 mouse weight) or orally (a total of 10.0 g kg -1 mouse weight); its effect on the immune organs and immune effector cells was assessed. Administered AsCho, especially via the oral route, showed weak and partial, but significant, in vivo immunotoxicity in mice, although it did not cause any severe acute inflammatory responses.
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evaluation of in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a major organic Arsenic Compound arsenobetaine in seafood
International Immunopharmacology, 2004Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Takami Ohta, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:Abstract In this study, we observed the in vivo acute immunotoxicity of a trimethyl Arsenic Compound, arsenobetaine (AsBe), which is present in large quantities in various marine animals that are daily ingested as seafood in many countries. The synthetic pure AsBe was orally administered to CDF 1 mice at a dose of 1.625 g/kg mouse weight once a day on days −6, −4, −2 and 0 (four times, total 6.5 g/kg mouse weight), and its effect on the immune organs and immune effector cells were assessed until day 8. Orally administered AsBe was temporally distributed to the immune organs, such as the spleen and thymus, but was not very toxic both quantitatively and qualitatively on these immune organs and immune effector cells, splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages. This finding suggests that the ingestion of AsBe contained in marine animals is relatively safe to the health of people who often consume marine animals in their daily diet.
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study of in vitro cytotoxicity of arsenocholine a trimethyl Arsenic Compound in seafood
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Chikara Kojima, Hidetoshi Kumata, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:We examined the in vitro cytotoxic effects of an organic Arsenic Compound contained in seafood, viz. the trimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)-arsonium cation, or arsenocholine (AsCho), on some murine immune effector cells, such as splenocytes, thymocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow (BM) cells using synthesized pure material. We found that AsCho had no cytotoxicity on most immune effector cells, even at concentrations over 10 mmol dm -3 , and it slightly but significantly enhanced the viability of BM cells at doses over 100 μmol dm -3 . This biological effect of AsCho on BM cells might be direct rather than due to autocrine mechanisms mediating some factors secreted by AsCho-stimulated BM cells, because the culture supernatants of BM cells pre-stimulated with AsCho did not influence the viability of other fresh BM cells. It is interesting that this unique biological effect was found in AsCho, an organic Arsenic Compound contained in some marine animals that are ingested daily as seafood in many countries.
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cytotoxicological aspects of the organic Arsenic Compound arsenobetaine in marine animals
Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Chikara Kojima, Teruaki Sakurai, Masayuki Ochiai, Hidetoshi Kumata, Wei Qu, Michael P Waalkes, Kitao FujiwaraAbstract:In this study, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of arsenobetaine [AsBe; trimethyl (carboxymethyl) arsonium zwitterion], which is a major organic Arsenic Compound in marine animals, to various mammalian cells, such as mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, rat liver TRL1215 cells and human skin TIG-112 cells, using a synthetic pure material. As a result, we demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of AsBe is very weak even at concentrations over 20 mmol dm -3 in all these cells. Also, AsBe did not affect various functions of the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, viz interleukin-1α production, cellular lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase) activity and nitric oxide (NO - 2 ) secretion. AsBe showed a weak effect on the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in these cells, and it slightly reduced the cellular GSH levels for a while. These data suggest that AsBe shows no cytotoxicity but has some effects on mammalian cells.
