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Pierfrancesco Grima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ophthalmic Artery Resistance index IS increased in HIV-Infected patients and is influenced by protease inhibitors exposure
Journal of Infection, 2014Co-Authors: Massimiliano Fabbiani, Pierfrancesco Grima, Alessandro D’avino, Annalisa Mondi, Roberta Gagliardini, Andrea De Luca, Manuela Colafigli, Roberto Cauda, Alberto Borghetti, Simona Di GiambenedettoAbstract:In this Journal, we previously reported that increased ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI) correlates with cognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients.1 Subsequent to this discovery, we have now compared the prevalence of abnormal OARI between HIV-infected and uninfected patients and investigated variables that could influence this parameter in subjects affected by HIV-1
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Increased ophthalmic Artery Resistance index is associated with cognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients
The Journal of infection, 2012Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Annalisa Mondi, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Manuela Colafigli, Roberto Cauda, Nicoletta Ciccarelli, M Tana, Salvatore Farina, Simona Di GiambenedettoAbstract:Summary Objectives Despite the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) remains high. Aim of the study was to investigate the potential relationship between ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), a marker of subclinical cerebrovascular disease, and cognitive performance. Methods We performed a cross-sectional cohort study by consecutively enrolling HIV-infected patients during routine outpatient visits. All subjects underwent a comprehensive neuropsycological battery and ultrasonographic assessment of OARI. Patients were classified as cognitively impaired if they showed decreased cognitive function involving at least two ability domains. OARI was considered abnormal if above 0.72 at left or right side. Factors associated with cognitive performance were evaluated by linear and logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 116 patients [78.4% males, median age 44 years (IQR 37–49), 13.8% with past AIDS-defining events, median CD4 482 cells/μL (IQR 352–690), 79.3% with HIV RNA 0.72 (AUC = 0.73, sensitivity 61.8%, specificity 81.4%, p 0.71 (AUC = 0.72, sensitivity 69.1%, specificity 71.2%, p 0.72 (OR 4.7, p = 0.001) was independently associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. Moreover, education ( β = −0.18, p = 0.005), Zung depression score ( β = +0.05, p = 0.021) and an abnormal OARI ( β = +1.46, p = 0.002) were independently associated with an increased number of pathological performances. Evaluating separately each cognitive domain, an abnormal OARI confirmed an independent association with lower performance in attention and executive functions ( p = 0.003) and in psychomotor speed ( p = 0.010). Conclusions Increased OARI was associated with lower cognitive performance in HIV-infected patients. These findings suggest a potential role of subclinical cerebrovascular disease in the pathogenesis of HAND.
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Comparison of intima-media thickness and ophthalmic Artery Resistance index for assessing subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients
Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 2011Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, R. Chiavaroli, Antonella De Donno, Mariangela Tana, A. ZizzaAbstract:Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral treatment are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications that potentially increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this population. Measurement of arterial wall thickness has been used as a surrogate of extent, severity and progression of atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional cohort study was performed to compare the validity of two non-invasive arterial measures: carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a parameter of atherosclerosis, and ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), an index of occlusive carotid Artery disease. Methods A total of 95 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for more than 12 months were consecutively enrolled. IMT and OARI were measured by 7.5 MHz linear probe. Results There was a significant linear increase in IMT and OARI values as the grade of cardiovascular risk (0.70 and 0.69 for very low risk, 0.86 and 0.72 for low risk and 0.98 and 0.74 for medium/high risk, p < 0.001). A IMT > 0.83 and an OARI > 0.72 were the most discriminatory values for predicting a cardiovascular risk ≥ 10% (sensibility 89.6% and 75.8%; sensitivity 70.5% and 68.4%; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our data indicate that OARI may have a potential as a new precocious marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Comparison of intima-media thickness and ophthalmic Artery Resistance index for assessing subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients
Cardiovascular ultrasound, 2011Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, R. Chiavaroli, M Tana, Antonella De Donno, A. ZizzaAbstract:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral treatment are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications that potentially increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this population. Measurement of arterial wall thickness has been used as a surrogate of extent, severity and progression of atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional cohort study was performed to compare the validity of two non-invasive arterial measures: carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a parameter of atherosclerosis, and ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), an index of occlusive carotid Artery disease. A total of 95 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for more than 12 months were consecutively enrolled. IMT and OARI were measured by 7.5 MHz linear probe. There was a significant linear increase in IMT and OARI values as the grade of cardiovascular risk (0.70 and 0.69 for very low risk, 0.86 and 0.72 for low risk and 0.98 and 0.74 for medium/high risk, p 0.83 and an OARI > 0.72 were the most discriminatory values for predicting a cardiovascular risk ≥ 10% (sensibility 89.6% and 75.8%; sensitivity 70.5% and 68.4%; p < 0.001). Our data indicate that OARI may have a potential as a new precocious marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Ultrasound-assessed perirenal fat is related to increased ophthalmic Artery Resistance index in HIV-1 patients
Cardiovascular ultrasound, 2010Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, R. Chiavaroli, A. ZizzaAbstract:Background The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically changed the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with a significant decline in morbidity and mortality. Changes in body fat distribution are a common finding in individuals with HIV infection being treated with antiretrovirals, and this condition (collectively termed lipodystrophy syndrome) is associated with depletion of subcutaneous fat, increased triglycerides and insulin Resistance. Obesity, particularly visceral obesity, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, estimating visceral fat distribution is important in identifying subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), a parameter of central obesity, is related to ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), an index of occlusive carotid Artery disease in HIV-1 infected patients.
Babbette Lamarca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Abstract P091: Vitamin D Supplementation Inhibits Blood Pressure and Uterine Artery Resistance Induced by Autoantibodies to the AT1 Receptor
Hypertension, 2015Co-Authors: Jessica L. Faulkner, Lorena M Amaral, Denise C. Cornelius, Mark W Cunningham, Tarek Ibrahim, D'andrea S Thomas, Gerd Wallukat, Ralf Dechend, Babbette LamarcaAbstract:Studies in our lab have previously shown that Vitamin D supplementation in the RUPP rat model of preeclampsia lowers blood pressure and reduces autoantibodies to the AT1 receptor (AT1-AA). Therefore, we sought to determine if the effects of Vitamin D supplementation to inhibit endothelial dysfunction and hypertension during pregnancy were mediated by AT1-AA reduction. We hypothesized that Vitamin D supplementation to AT1-AA-induced hypertensive pregnant rats would reduce anti-angiogenic factor soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sflt-1) and uterine Artery Resistance index (UARI) while improving blood pressure (MAP). Purified rat AT1-AA was infused (1:40) into Sprague-Dawley rats via miniosmotic pump from gestational day (GD) 12 to GD19. On GD14-18 we administered Vitamin D2 or D3 (VD2 or VD3) to AT1-AA rats (50ul/ml) by oral gavage. On GD18 indwelling carotid catheters were inserted and UARI assessed by Doppler sonography and MAP was measured on GD19. Consistent with previous studies, MAP was 119.0 mmHg in AT1-AA infused pregnant rats. MAP was unchanged with VD2 treatment at 121.7 mmHg (n=3), however, reduced to 109.3 mmHg (n=3) in AT1-AA+VD3 rats. Pup and placental weights were 1.79 and 0.46 g (n=3), respectively, in AT1-AA rats and were increased with VD2 treatment to 2.33 and 0.54 g (n=3) and to 2.39 and 0.56 g (n=3) in AT1-AA+VD3 rats. UARI was 0.577 (n=2) in AT1-AA rats but reduced with VD2 treatment to 0.491 (n=3) and VD3 to 0.452 (n=2). Plasma sflt-1, which is increased with AT1-AA infusion, was measured with ELISA and was >1050 pg/ml in AT1-AA rats (n=3) and greatly reduced in both AT1-AA+VD2 at 42.3 pg/ml (n=2) and AT1-AA+VD3 at 241.0 pg/ml (n=3). Our preliminary data demonstrate that Vitamin D supplementation improves uterine Artery vascular Resistance and sflt-1 and that these are potential mechanisms for improving fetal weight and hypertension that is induced by AT1-AA during pregnancy.
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Inhibition of 20-HETE Synthesis Attenuates Elevations in Blood Pressure and Uterine Artery Resistance Index in the RUPP Rat Model of Preeclampsia
The FASEB Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Jessica L. Faulkner, Sydney R. Murphy, Nicole Lee, Janae Moseley, Babbette LamarcaAbstract:Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy afflicting 5-10% of US pregnancies. Recent data suggests the vasoactive cytochromeP450 metabolite, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (20-HETE), may play a role in hypertension in response to placental ischemia. Thus, we hypothesized that administration of HET0016, a specific 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, would improve the pathophysiology in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of placental ischemia. RUPP procedure was performed on gestational day (GD) 14 and HET0016 (1mg/kg, i.p) was administered on GD14-18. Uterine Artery Resistance Index (UARI) was measured via sonography on GD18 and blood pressure (MAP) was measured on day GD19. UARI increased in RUPP compared to NP rats (0.71±0.04 vs 0.60 ±0.02), and was reduced in RUPP+HET0016 treated animals (0.56±0.07). Pup reabsorption (% of total pups at GD19) was significantly increased in RUPP versus NP rats (58±6 vs 7±6%, P
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[55-OR]: 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate attenuates hypertension and uterine Artery Resistance in response to Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) in pregnant rats
Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health, 2015Co-Authors: Lorena M Amaral, Janae Moseley, Denise C. Cornelius, James N. Martin, Babbette LamarcaAbstract:Objectives Preeclampsia (PE), new onset hypertension at 20 weeks of gestation, is characterized by increased uterine Artery Resistance index (UARI), chronic immune activation and decreased of vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO). 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is a synthetic metabolite of progesterone used for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth. The objective of this study was to determine whether 17-OHPC could reduce blood pressure (MAP), inflammation, UARI, as well as increase NO bioavailability in a hypertensive rat model of PE. Methods 17-OHPC (3.32 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered on day 18 of gestation into Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rats and carotid catheters were inserted. MAP, blood and tissues were collected on day 19. Results MAP in NP rats ( n = 13) was 92 ± 2; 123 ± 2 in RUPP ( n = 18), and 116 ± 1 mmHg in RUPP + 17-OHPC ( n = 10). UARI was 0.78 ± 0.03 in RUPP ( n = 4) and 0.63 ± 0.038 in RUPP + 17-OHPC ( n = 8). Circulating CD4+ T cells were 1.19 ± 1.0% of gated cells in NP ( n = 7), which increased to 8.52 ± 2.4% in RUPP rats ( n = 10) but was significantly reduced to 2.72 ± 0.87% ( n = 14) in RUPP + 17-OHPC. Circulating nitrate/nitrite was 26.34 ± 3.5 μM in NP ( n = 12); 14.58 ± 3.1 in RUPP rats ( n = 8) and increased to 26.69 ± 1.62 in RUPP + 17-OHPC ( n = 7. eNOS expression was 0.65 ± 0.11 A.U in NP ( n = 4), which decreased to 0.33 ± 0.01 in RUPP rats ( n = 4) but increased to 0.57 ± 0.01 in RUPP+17-OHPC ( n = 5). Levels of TNF-alpha were 65.84 ± 17.7 pg/ml in RUPP rats ( n = 5) but were blunted to 17.24 ± 3.9 in RUPP + 17-OHPC ( n = 8). Conclusions In conclusion, 17-OHPC improves inflammation, UARI, hypertension, and NO bioavailability in response to placental ischemia during pregnancy. Disclosures L.M. Amaral: None. D.C. Cornelius: None. J. Moseley: None. J.N. Martin: None. B. LaMarca: None.
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Abstract 093: Progesterone Supplementation Improves Blood Pressure And Uterine Artery Resistance In Response To Placental Ischemia During Pregnancy
Hypertension, 2014Co-Authors: Lorena M Amaral, Janae Moseley, Denise C. Cornelius, James N. Martin, Babbette LamarcaAbstract:Preeclampsia (PE), new onset hypertension at 20 weeks of gestation, is characterized by increased uterine Artery Resistance index (UARI), chronic immune activation and decreased of vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO). Despite being one of the leading causes of death in pregnant women, currently there is no effective treatment for PE except for early delivery of the fetus. We have demonstrated that PE women have significantly lower circulating progesterone than normal pregnant (NP). 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is a synthetic metabolite of progesterone used for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth and although the mechanism is not understood, is suspected to have vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that progesterone (17-OHPC) supplementation could reduce blood pressure (MAP), pro-inflammatory cytokines, CD4+ T cells, UARI, as well as increase NO bioavailability in a hypertensive rat model of PE. To address this question 17-OHPC (3.32mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered on day 18 of gestation into Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rats and carotid catheters were inserted. MAP, blood and tissues were collected on day 19. MAP in NP rats (n=13) was 92±2; 123±2 in RUPP (n=18), and 116 ±1 mmHg in RUPP+17-OHPC (n=10), p
John J. Morrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of thrombin, PAR-1 activating peptide and a PAR-1 antagonist on umbilical Artery Resistance in vitro
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2005Co-Authors: Aonghus O'loughlin, Nandini Ravikumar, Crochan J. O'sullivan, Anne M. Friel, John T. Elliott, John J. MorrisonAbstract:Background The non-thrombotic effects of thrombin in cardiovascular tissues, as mediated via the protease activated receptors (PARs), and particularly PAR-1, have been the focus of much recent research. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of thrombin, a specific PAR-1 activating peptide (PAR1-AP), and a PAR-1 antagonist on human umbilical Artery tone in vitro. Methods Human umbilical Artery samples were obtained from 17 women at term. Arterial rings were suspended under physiologic conditions for isometric recording. The in vitro effects of thrombin (0.5 units/mL to 3 units/mL), PAR1-AP TFLLR-NH2 [10(-9) to 10(-6) M], and PAR-1 antagonist (N-trans cinnamoyl- p-fluoroPhe-p-guanidinoPhe-Leu-Arg-Orn-NH2) [10(-9) M to 10(-5) M] on umbilical Artery tone were measured. Results Both thrombin and TFLLR-NH2 exerted a potent cumulative vasodilatory effect on human umbilical Artery Resistance (P < 0.001). The mean net maximal inhibition (MMI) for thrombin was 53.05% (n = 6; SEM = 1.43) at tissue bath concentration of 3 units/mL. The MMI with TFLLR-NH2 was 61.50 % (n = 6; SEM = 1.43) at bath concentration of 10(-6) M. In comparison to vehicle control, the PAR-1 antagonist did not show a significant relaxant or contractile effect (P > 0.05). Conclusion These findings highlight a potential role for thrombin and PAR-1 receptors in vascular regulation of feto-placental blood flow in normal pregnancy, and in association with the vascular lesions associated with IUGR and pre-eclampsia.
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Anti-hypertensive therapy and the feto-placental circulation: effects on umbilical Artery Resistance.
Journal of perinatal medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Diarmaid D. Houlihan, Nandini Ravikumar, Michael C Dennedy, John J. MorrisonAbstract:OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare the direct effects of compounds used in the treatment of hypertensive disease in pregnancy on human umbilical Artery Resistance in vitro. METHODS Isometric tension recordings were performed under physiological conditions on human umbilical arterial rings (n=30). The in vitro effects of labetolol, hydralazine, alpha-methyldopa, nifedepine and magnesium sulphate (at concentration ranges from 1 nanomolar to 1 millimolar), and their respective vehicle controls, were measured. Results were expressed as -logEC50 (pD2) and mean maximal inhibition values for each compound. RESULTS All compounds investigated, except alpha methyldopa, exerted a significant relaxant effect on umbilical arterial tone. Alpha-methyldopa was significantly less potent when compared to all other compounds (mean maximal inhibition value [20.89+/-7.99%] versus all other agents [range 63.15+/-8.70-84.12+/-3.84%] (P
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Corticosteroids and fetal vasculature: effects of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and betamethasone on human umbilical Artery
BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2002Co-Authors: S.m. Potter, Michael C Dennedy, John J. MorrisonAbstract:Objective To investigate the direct effects of corticosteroids on human umbilical Artery Resistance, in vitro. Design Prospective laboratory study. Setting University teaching hospital. Samples and methods Umbilical Artery samples were obtained following normal, term deliveries (n = 50) and dissected rings were suspended for isometric recording under physiological conditions. The effects of hydrocortisone (10−9–10−4 M), dexamethasone (10−9–10−4 M) and betamethasone (10−9–10−4 M) on umbilical Artery Resistance were measured in vitro. Main outcome measures Changes in umbilical Artery Resistance, in vitro. Results Hydrocortisone (n = 12) exerted a vasodilatory effect on human umbilical Artery at all concentrations studied compared with vehicle control experiments (n = 12) (P < 0.0001). The mean net relaxant effect of hydrocortisone ranged from 11.77% (10−9 M) to 57.01% (10−4). Both exogenous compounds, dexamethasone (n = 12) and betamethasone (n = 12), similarly exerted a significant relaxant effect on human umbilical Artery tone (P < 0.05–0.01), compared with vehicle control experiments (n = 12). The mean net relaxant effect of dexamethasone ranged from 14.43% (10−9 M) to 38.12% (10−4) and that of betamethasone ranged from 6.02% (10−9 M) to 42.30% (10−4), in a cumulatively increasing fashion. There was a non-significant trend towards a greater vasodilatory effect of dexamethasone than betamethasone at lower bath concentrations studied. Conclusion Corticosteroids exert a direct and potent vasodilatory effect on human umbilical Artery Resistance in vitro, thus providing an explanation for the previously unexplained vascular effects associated with antenatal administration of corticosteroids.
A. Zizza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of intima-media thickness and ophthalmic Artery Resistance index for assessing subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients
Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 2011Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, R. Chiavaroli, Antonella De Donno, Mariangela Tana, A. ZizzaAbstract:Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral treatment are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications that potentially increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this population. Measurement of arterial wall thickness has been used as a surrogate of extent, severity and progression of atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional cohort study was performed to compare the validity of two non-invasive arterial measures: carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a parameter of atherosclerosis, and ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), an index of occlusive carotid Artery disease. Methods A total of 95 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for more than 12 months were consecutively enrolled. IMT and OARI were measured by 7.5 MHz linear probe. Results There was a significant linear increase in IMT and OARI values as the grade of cardiovascular risk (0.70 and 0.69 for very low risk, 0.86 and 0.72 for low risk and 0.98 and 0.74 for medium/high risk, p < 0.001). A IMT > 0.83 and an OARI > 0.72 were the most discriminatory values for predicting a cardiovascular risk ≥ 10% (sensibility 89.6% and 75.8%; sensitivity 70.5% and 68.4%; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our data indicate that OARI may have a potential as a new precocious marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Comparison of intima-media thickness and ophthalmic Artery Resistance index for assessing subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients
Cardiovascular ultrasound, 2011Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, R. Chiavaroli, M Tana, Antonella De Donno, A. ZizzaAbstract:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral treatment are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications that potentially increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this population. Measurement of arterial wall thickness has been used as a surrogate of extent, severity and progression of atherosclerosis. A cross-sectional cohort study was performed to compare the validity of two non-invasive arterial measures: carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a parameter of atherosclerosis, and ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), an index of occlusive carotid Artery disease. A total of 95 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for more than 12 months were consecutively enrolled. IMT and OARI were measured by 7.5 MHz linear probe. There was a significant linear increase in IMT and OARI values as the grade of cardiovascular risk (0.70 and 0.69 for very low risk, 0.86 and 0.72 for low risk and 0.98 and 0.74 for medium/high risk, p 0.83 and an OARI > 0.72 were the most discriminatory values for predicting a cardiovascular risk ≥ 10% (sensibility 89.6% and 75.8%; sensitivity 70.5% and 68.4%; p < 0.001). Our data indicate that OARI may have a potential as a new precocious marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Ultrasound-assessed perirenal fat is related to increased ophthalmic Artery Resistance index in HIV-1 patients
Cardiovascular ultrasound, 2010Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, R. Chiavaroli, A. ZizzaAbstract:Background The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically changed the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with a significant decline in morbidity and mortality. Changes in body fat distribution are a common finding in individuals with HIV infection being treated with antiretrovirals, and this condition (collectively termed lipodystrophy syndrome) is associated with depletion of subcutaneous fat, increased triglycerides and insulin Resistance. Obesity, particularly visceral obesity, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, estimating visceral fat distribution is important in identifying subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), a parameter of central obesity, is related to ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), an index of occlusive carotid Artery disease in HIV-1 infected patients.
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Ultrasound-assessed perirenal fat is related to increased ophthalmic Artery Resistance index in HIV-1 patients
Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 2010Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, R. Chiavaroli, A. ZizzaAbstract:Background The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically changed the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with a significant decline in morbidity and mortality. Changes in body fat distribution are a common finding in individuals with HIV infection being treated with antiretrovirals, and this condition (collectively termed lipodystrophy syndrome) is associated with depletion of subcutaneous fat, increased triglycerides and insulin Resistance. Obesity, particularly visceral obesity, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, estimating visceral fat distribution is important in identifying subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), a parameter of central obesity, is related to ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), an index of occlusive carotid Artery disease in HIV-1 infected patients. Methods We enrolled 88 consecutive HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy for more than 12 months, in a prospective cohort study. Echographically measured PRFT and OARI, as well as serum metabolic parameters, were evaluated. PRFT and OARI were measured by 3.75 MHz convex and 7.5 MHz linear probe, respectively. Results The means of PRFT and OARI in HIV-1-infected patients with visceral obesity was considerably higher than in patients without it (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Using the average OARI as the dependent variable, total serum cholesterol level, HDL, triglycerides, glycemia, sex, blood pressure, age and PRFT were independent factors associated with OARI. A PRFT of 6.1 mm was the most discriminatory value for predicting an OARI > 0.74 (sensitivity 78.9%, specificity 82.8%). Conclusions Our data indicate that ultrasound assessment of PRFT may have potential as a marker of increased endothelial damage with specific involvement of the ocular vascular region in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Researchsed perirenal fat is related to increased ophthalmic Artery Resistance index in HIV-1 patients
2010Co-Authors: Pierfrancesco Grima, Marcello Guido, R. Chiavaroli, A. ZizzaAbstract:Background: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically changed the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with a significant decline in morbidity and mortality. Changes in body fat distribution are a common finding in individuals with HIV infection being treated with antiretrovirals, and this condition (collectively termed lipodystrophy syndrome) is associated with depletion of subcutaneous fat, increased triglycerides and insulin Resistance. Obesity, particularly visceral obesity, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, estimating visceral fat distribution is important in identifying subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether perirenal fat thickness (PRFT), a parameter of central obesity, is related to ophthalmic Artery Resistance index (OARI), an index of occlusive carotid Artery disease in HIV-1 infected patients. Methods: We enrolled 88 consecutive HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy for more than 12 months, in a prospective cohort study. Echographically measured PRFT and OARI, as well as serum metabolic parameters, were evaluated. PRFT and OARI were measured by 3.75 MHz convex and 7.5 MHz linear probe, respectively. Results: The means of PRFT and OARI in HIV-1-infected patients with visceral obesity was considerably higher than in patients without it (p 0.74 (sensitivity 78.9%, specificity 82.8%). Conclusions: Our data indicate that ultrasound assessment of PRFT may have potential as a marker of increased endothelial damage with specific involvement of the ocular vascular region in HIV-1-infected patients.
Vincent W V Jaddoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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second and third trimester placental hemodynamics and the risks of pregnancy complications the generation r study
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2013Co-Authors: Romy Gaillard, Lidia R Arends, Eric A P Steegers, Albert Hofman, Vincent W V JaddoeAbstract:Characteristics of the uterine and umbilical Artery blood flow patterns are indirect measures of uteroplacental circulation. We examined whether uterine and umbilical Artery Resistance indices are influenced by maternal demographic and lifestyle characteristics, track from the second trimester to the third, and are associated with the risk of pregnancy complications. This analysis was embedded among 7,660 pregnant women in the Generation R Study (Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 2001–2005). Placental Resistance indices were assessed in the second and third trimesters. Information about pregnancy outcomes was obtained from medical records. Maternal characteristics affected second- and third-trimester placental Resistance indices. Correlation coefficients for correlation between the second and third trimesters were 0.50 and 0.32 for uterine Artery Resistance index and umbilical Artery pulsatility index, respectively. Higher placental Resistance indices in the second and third trimesters and persistence in the highest tertile of uterine Artery Resistance index from the second trimester to the third were associated with the risks of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and small size for gestational age at birth (all P’s < 0.05). Our study shows that placental Resistance indices are influenced by maternal demographic and lifestyle characteristics and track moderately from the second trimester to the third. Increased placental Resistance indices in the second and third trimesters are associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. cohort study; gestational hypertension; preeclampsia; pregnancy; preterm birth; small size for gestational age; umbilical Artery pulsatility index; uterine Artery Resistance index
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placental vascular dysfunction fetal and childhood growth and cardiovascular development
Circulation, 2013Co-Authors: Romy Gaillard, Eric A P Steegers, Albert Hofman, Henning Tiemeier, Vincent W V JaddoeAbstract:Background—Suboptimal fetal nutrition may influence early growth and cardiovascular development. We examined whether umbilical and uterine Artery Resistance indices, as measures of feto-placental and utero-placental vascular function, respectively, are associated with fetal and childhood growth and cardiovascular development. Methods and Results—This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 6716 mothers and their children. Umbilical Artery pulsatility index and uterine Artery Resistance index and fetal growth were measured in third trimester. Childhood growth was repeatedly assessed from birth to the age of 6 years. We measured body fat distribution, left ventricular mass, and blood pressure at the age of 6 years. Higher third trimester umbilical and uterine Artery vascular Resistance were associated with lower fetal length and weight growth in third trimester resulting in a smaller size at birth among boys and girls (P values < 0.05). These differences in length and weight ...
