The Experts below are selected from a list of 1353 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shiyi Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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preparation and properties of antibacterial polydopamine and nano hydroxyapatite modified polyethylene terephthalate Artificial Ligament
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2021Co-Authors: Yuhan Zhang, Ren Zhang, Shiyi ChenAbstract:Due to its great biomechanical property, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Artificial Ligament has become one of the most promising allografts for anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, because of its chemical and biological inertness, PET is not a favored scaffold material for osteoblast growth, which promotes the Ligament-bone healing. Meanwhile, in consideration of prevention of potential infection, the prophylactic injection of antibiotic was used as a post-operative standard procedure but also has the increasing risk of bacterial resistance. To face these two contradictions, in this article we coated a polydopamine (PDA) nano-layer on the PET Ligament and used the coating as the adhesion interlayer to introduce nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and silver atoms to the surface of PET Ligament. Because of the mild self-polymerization reaction of dopamine, the thermogravity analysis (TGA), Raman spectrum, and tensile test results show that the modification procedure have no negative effects on the chemical stability and mechanical properties of the PET. The results of NIH3T3 cell culture show that the PDA and nHA could effectively improve the biocompatibility of PET Artificial Ligament for fibroblast growth, and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial test results show that the Ag atom provided an antibacterial effect for PET Ligament. As shown in this paper, the nano-PDA coating modification procedure could not only preserve the advantages of PET but also introduce new performance characteristics to PET, which opens the door for further functionalization of PET Artificial Ligament for its advanced development and application.
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Preparation and Properties of Antibacterial Polydopamine and Nano-Hydroxyapatite Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Artificial Ligament
Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2021Co-Authors: Yuhan Zhang, Ren Zhang, Shiyi ChenAbstract:Due to its great biomechanical property, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Artificial Ligament has become one of the most promising allografts for anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, because of its chemical and biological inertness, PET is not a favored scaffold material for osteoblasts growth which promotes the Ligament-bone healing. Meanwhile, in consideration of prevention of potential infection, the prophylactic injection of antibiotic was used as a postoperative standard procedure, but also has the increasing risk of bacterial resistance. To face these two contradictions, in this article we coated a polydopamine (PDA) nano layer on the PET Ligament and used the coating as the adhesion interlayer to introduce nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and silver atoms to the surface of PET Ligament. Because of the mild self-polymerization reaction of dopamine, the thermogravity analysis (TGA), Raman spectrum and tensile test results show that the modification procedure have no negative effects on the chemical stability and mechanical properties of the PET. The results of NIH3T3 cell culture show that the PDA and nHA could effectively improve the biocompatibility of PET Artificial Ligament for fibroblast growth, and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial test results show that the Ag atom provided antibacterial effect for PET Ligament. As shown in this paper, the nano PDA coating modification procedure could not only preserve the advantages of PET, but also introduce new performance characteristics to PET, which opens the door for further functionalization of PET Artificial Ligament for its advanced development and Application.
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Artificial Ligament made from silk protein laponite hybrid fibers
Acta Biomaterialia, 2020Co-Authors: Qinglin Dong, Shiyi Chen, Jiangyu Cai, Haipeng Wang, Yezhuo Liu, Jinrong Yao, Zhengzhong Shao, Xin ChenAbstract:With developments in tissue engineering, Artificial Ligaments are expected to be future materials for anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, poor healing of the intraosseous part after ACL reconstruction significantly hinders their applications in this field. In this study, a bioactive clay Laponite (LAP) was introduced into the regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning dope to produce functional RSF/LAP hybrid fibers by wet-spinning. These RSF/LAP hybrid fibers were then woven into Artificial Ligament for ACL reconstruction. The structure and mechanical properties of RSF/LAP hybrid fibers were extensively studied by different means. Results confirmed the presence of LAP in RSF fibers and revealed that the addition of LAP slightly deteriorated the comprehensive mechanical properties of RSF fibers. However, they were still much tougher (with higher breaking energy) than those of degummed natural silkworm silk that was earlier used for making Artificial Ligament. The Artificial Ligament woven from RSF/LAP hybrid fibers showed better cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation with mouse pre-osteoblasts in vitro than those made from degummed natural silkworm silks and pure RSF fibers. Furthermore, in vivo study in a rat ACL reconstruction model demonstrated that the presence of LAP in the Artificial Ligament could significantly enhance the graft osseointegration process and also improve the corresponding biomechanical properties of the Artificial Ligament. Based upon these results, the RSF/LAP hybrid fibers, which can be mass produced by wet-spinning process, are believed to have a great potential for use as Artificial Ligament materials for ACL reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we successfully introduced Laponite (LAP), a kind of clay that has the function of osteogenic induction, into regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) fibers, which was prepared by a mature wet-spinning method developed in our lab. We believe that through Artificial spinning, additional functional components can be added into RSF fibers, which one can hardly achieve with natural silks. We showed that the Artificial Ligament woven from RSF/LAP hybrid fibers had better cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation for mouse pre-osteoblasts in vitro, and significantly enhanced the graft osseointegration process and improved the corresponding biomechanical properties in a rat ACL reconstruction model in vivo, compared to those Artificial Ligaments made from degummed natural silkworm silks and pure RSF fibers.
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Artificial Ligament made from silk protein/Laponite hybrid fibers.
Acta biomaterialia, 2020Co-Authors: Qinglin Dong, Shiyi Chen, Jiangyu Cai, Haipeng Wang, Yezhuo Liu, Jinrong Yao, Zhengzhong Shao, Xin ChenAbstract:With developments in tissue engineering, Artificial Ligaments are expected to be future materials for anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, poor healing of the intraosseous part after ACL reconstruction significantly hinders their applications in this field. In this study, a bioactive clay Laponite (LAP) was introduced into the regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning dope to produce functional RSF/LAP hybrid fibers by wet-spinning. These RSF/LAP hybrid fibers were then woven into Artificial Ligament for ACL reconstruction. The structure and mechanical properties of RSF/LAP hybrid fibers were extensively studied by different means. Results confirmed the presence of LAP in RSF fibers and revealed that the addition of LAP slightly deteriorated the comprehensive mechanical properties of RSF fibers. However, they were still much tougher (with higher breaking energy) than those of degummed natural silkworm silk that was earlier used for making Artificial Ligament. The Artificial Ligament woven from RSF/LAP hybrid fibers showed better cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation with mouse pre-osteoblasts in vitro than those made from degummed natural silkworm silks and pure RSF fibers. Furthermore, in vivo study in a rat ACL reconstruction model demonstrated that the presence of LAP in the Artificial Ligament could significantly enhance the graft osseointegration process and also improve the corresponding biomechanical properties of the Artificial Ligament. Based upon these results, the RSF/LAP hybrid fibers, which can be mass produced by wet-spinning process, are believed to have a great potential for use as Artificial Ligament materials for ACL reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we successfully introduced Laponite (LAP), a kind of clay that has the function of osteogenic induction, into regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) fibers, which was prepared by a mature wet-spinning method developed in our lab. We believe that through Artificial spinning, additional functional components can be added into RSF fibers, which one can hardly achieve with natural silks. We showed that the Artificial Ligament woven from RSF/LAP hybrid fibers had better cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation for mouse pre-osteoblasts in vitro, and significantly enhanced the graft osseointegration process and improved the corresponding biomechanical properties in a rat ACL reconstruction model in vivo, compared to those Artificial Ligaments made from degummed natural silkworm silks and pure RSF fibers.
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Artificial Ligaments applied in anterior cruciate Ligament repair and reconstruction: Current products and experience
Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery, 2020Co-Authors: Tianwu Chen, Shiyi ChenAbstract:The application of Artificial Ligament products in anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) surgeries has gone through a long twisty way. In the 1970s, early Artificial Ligament products were initially used for ACL surgeries, which showed poor clinical efficacy and eventually ended up in failure. Over the last 20 years, there has been a growing number of ACL reconstruction with new Artificial Ligament products, including the Leeds-Keio TM, the LARS TM (Ligament Advanced Reinfocement System), and the Trevira Hochfest TM. Among these new products, the LARS TM has been more commonly applied for ACL surgeries. Although these new Artificial Ligament products have good mechanical properties and show significant improvement of cumulative failure and complication rate, they still have limitations.
Jia Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electrodeposition of calcium phosphate onto polyethylene terephthalate Artificial Ligament enhances graft-bone integration after anterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction.
Bioactive materials, 2020Co-Authors: Jiangyu Cai, Jia Jiang, Qianqian Zhang, Jiebo Chen, Jinzhong ZhaoAbstract:It is a big challenge to develop a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Artificial Ligament with excellent osteogenetic activity to enhance graft-bone integration for Ligament reconstruction. Herein, we evaluated the effect of biomineralization (BM) and electrodeposition (ED) method for depositing calcium-phosphate (CaP) on the PET Artificial Ligament in vitro and in vivo. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-Ray spectrometer mapping analysis revealed that the ED-CaP had more uniform particles and element distribution (Ca, P and O), and thermogravimetric analysis showed there were more CaP on the PET/ED-CaP than the PET/BM-CaP scaffold. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of PET scaffolds was significantly improved after CaP deposition. In vitro study showed that CaP coating via BM or ED method could improve the attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, and ED-CaP coating significantly increased osteogenic differentiation of the cells, in which the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might be involved. In addition, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical results of in vivo study in a rabbit anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction model demonstrated that the PET/BM-CaP and PET/ED-CaP scaffolds significantly improved graft-bone integration process compared to the PET scaffold. More importantly, larger areas of new bone ingrowth and the formation of fibrocartilage tissue were observed at 12 weeks in the PET/ED-CaP group, and the biomechanical tests showed increased ultimate failure load and stiffness in PET/ED-CaP group compared to PET/BM-CaP and PET group. Therefore, ED of CaP is an effective strategy for the modification of PET Artificial Ligament and can enhance graft-bone integration both in vitro and in vivo.
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Silk enhances the Ligamentization of the polyethylene terephthalate Artificial Ligament in a canine anterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction model
Artificial Organs, 2018Co-Authors: Jia Jiang, Peng Zhang, Shiyi ChenAbstract:Anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the leading treatment for ACL rupture. Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS), which is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is the most frequently used Artificial Ligament for ACL reconstruction. However, PET is hydrophobic, so it is difficult to induce the ingrowth of the autologous tissue. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of silk hybrid on the Ligamentization of the PET Artificial Ligament in a canine ACL reconstruction model. Silk/PET hybrid suspensory Ligament was fabricated with silk in the weft yarn and PET in the warp yarn, while PET suspensory Ligament was fabricated with PET in both the weft and warp yarns. After fabrication, the micromorphology of the Ligaments was observed and mechanical testing was performed. Though the failure loads of the degummed silk/PET hybrid suspensory Ligaments were significantly lower than those of the PET suspensory Ligaments (P
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Silk enhances the Ligamentization of the polyethylene terephthalate Artificial Ligament in a canine anterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction model.
Artificial organs, 2018Co-Authors: Yunlong Zhi, Jia Jiang, Peng Zhang, Shiyi ChenAbstract:Anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the leading treatment for ACL rupture. Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS), which is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), is the most frequently used Artificial Ligament for ACL reconstruction. However, PET is hydrophobic, so it is difficult to induce the ingrowth of the autologous tissue. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of silk hybrid on the Ligamentization of the PET Artificial Ligament in a canine ACL reconstruction model. Silk/PET hybrid suspensory Ligament was fabricated with silk in the weft yarn and PET in the warp yarn, while PET suspensory Ligament was fabricated with PET in both the weft and warp yarns. After fabrication, the micromorphology of the Ligaments was observed and mechanical testing was performed. Though the failure loads of the degummed silk/PET hybrid suspensory Ligaments were significantly lower than those of the PET suspensory Ligaments (P < 0.001), both of them were enough for ACL reconstructions of beagle dogs. In the animal study, 14 beagle dogs were divided into PET suspensory Ligament group and silk/PET hybrid suspensory Ligament group randomly, with 7 dogs in each. The dogs underwent ACL reconstructions in their right knees. At postoperative 6 months, the dogs were sacrificed, and the specimens were evaluated with gross observation, histology, immunohistochemistry, and mechanical testing. The histological and immunohistochemical results showed that the native ACL of the beagle dog held abundant fibroblasts and collagen. The PET-regenerated Ligament was loose, and there was a small amount of autologous tissue and collagen. Compared to the PET-regenerated Ligament, the silk/PET hybrid-regenerated Ligament had a compact structure, and there was more regenerated autologous tissue and collagen. In conclusion, compared to the PET Ligament, the silk/PET hybrid Ligament kept greater ability to induce the ingrowth of the autologous tissue, indicating that the silk hybrid had enhanced the Ligamentization of the PET Artificial Ligament.
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silk fibroin and hydroxyapatite segmented coating enhances graft Ligamentization and osseointegration processes of the polyethylene terephthalate Artificial Ligament in vitro and in vivo
Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2018Co-Authors: Jiangyu Cai, Jia Jiang, Qinglin Dong, Yunlong Zhi, Fang Wan, Wenhe Jin, Dandan Sheng, Xingwang Liu, Siheng Wang, Yaying SunAbstract:The inferior biocompatibility of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Artificial Ligament may lead to poor healing in both the intra-articular part (IAP) and the intraosseous part (IOP) after anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This study aimed to systematically investigate the effect of silk fibroin (SF) and hydroxyapatite (HA) segmented coating on graft Ligamentization and osseointegration processes of the PET Ligament. Several techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements were carried out to validate the introduction of SF and HA. The segmented coating Ligament was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The results of SEM and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay revealed that the L929 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts exhibited better adhesion and proliferation performance on the PET–SF and PET–HA fibers, respectively, compared to those on the uncoated PET fibers. HA promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 in terms of the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition. Furthermore, the in vivo study in a beagle ACL reconstruction model demonstrated that the segmented coating could enhance the graft Ligamentization and osseointegration processes as indicated by the better tissue infiltration in the IAP and more bone ingrowth in the IOP of the Ligament than the control group according to the results of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histology, real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) and biomechanical tests. Therefore, the SF and HA segmented coating Ligaments may display a great potential application for the clinical augmentation of graft healing in ACL reconstruction surgery.
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an osteogenesis angiogenesis stimulation Artificial Ligament for anterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction
Acta Biomaterialia, 2017Co-Authors: Jia Jiang, Jiang Chang, Shiyi ChenAbstract:To solve the poor healing of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Artificial Ligament in bone tunnel, copper containing bioactive glass (Cu-BG) nanocoatings on PET Artificial Ligaments were successfully prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). It was hypothesized that Cu-BG coated PET (Cu-BG/PET) grafts could enhance the in vitro osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and in vivo graft-bone healing after anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction in a goat model. Scanning electron microscope and EDS mapping analysis revealed that the prepared nanocoatings had uniform element distribution (Cu, Ca, Si and P) and nanostructure. The surface hydrophilicity of PET grafts was significantly improved after depositing Cu-BG nanocoatings. The in vitro study displayed that the Cu-BG/PET grafts supported the attachment and proliferation of rBMSCs, and significantly promoted the expression of HIF-1 alpha gene, which up-regulated the osteogenesis-related genes (S100A10, BMP2, OCN) and angiogenesis-related genes (VEGF) in comparison with PET or BG coated PET (BG/PET) grafts which do not contain Cu element. Meanwhile, Cu-BG/PET grafts promoted the bone regeneration at the graft-host bone interface and decreased graft-bone interface width, thus enhancing the bonding strength as well as angiogenesis (as indicated by CD31 expression) in the goat model as compared with BG/PET and pure PET grafts. The study demonstrates that the Cu-containing biomaterials significantly promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the repair of bone defects of large animals and thus offering a promising method for ACL reconstruction by using Cu-containing nanobioglass modified PET grafts. Statement of Significance It remains a significant challenge to develop an Artificial graft with distinct osteogenetic/angiogenetic activity to enhance graft-bone healing for Ligament reconstruction. To solve these problems, copper containing bioactive glass (Cu-BG) nanocoatings on PET Artificial Ligaments were successfully prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). It was found that the prepared Cu-BG/PET grafts significantly stimulated the proliferation and osteogenic/angiogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) through activating HIF-1 alpha/S100A10/Ca2+ signal pathway. The most important is that the in vivo bone forming ability of Cu-containing biomaterials was, for the first time, elucidated in a large animal model, revealing the enhanced capacity of osteogenesis and angiogenesis with incorporation of bioactive Cu element. It is suggested that the copper-containing biomaterials significantly promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in large animal defects and thus offering a promising method for ACL reconstruction by using Cu-containing nanobioglass modification of PET grafts, paving the way to apply Cu-containing biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (C) 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bingfang Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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four strand hamstring tendon autograft versus lars Artificial Ligament for anterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction
International Orthopaedics, 2010Co-Authors: Zhongtang Liu, Xianlong Zhang, Yao Jiang, Bingfang ZengAbstract:This retrospective study compared the results after anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a four-strand hamstring tendon graft (4SHG) versus Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) Artificial Ligament in 60 patients between January 2003 and July 2004 with a minimum four-year follow-up. The KT-1000 examination, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring systems and Lysholm knee scoring scale were used to evaluate the clinical results. The mean side-to-side difference was 2.4 ± 0.5 mm and 1.2 ± 0.3 mm in the 4SHG group and LARS group, respectively (P = 0.013). Although other results of ACL reconstruction, measured by IKDC evaluation, Lysholm scores and Tegner scores, showed using a LARS graft clinically tended to be superior to using a 4SHG, there were no significant differences calculated. Our results suggest that four years after ACL reconstruction using a LARS Ligament or 4SHG dramatically improves the function outcome, while the patients in the LARS group displayed a higher knee stability than those in the 4SHG group.
Zhongtang Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hamstring tendon autograft versus LARS Artificial Ligament for arthroscopic posterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction in a long-term follow-up.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Tingting Huang, Zhongtang Liu, Hong Wen, Xiaoyun PanAbstract:Introduction Surgical reconstruction has been increasingly recommended for the surgical management of posterior cruciate Ligament (PCL) ruptures. While the choice of tissue graft still remains controversial. Currently both hamstring tendon autograft (HTG) and Ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) Artificial Ligament are widely used but there are seldom reports on the comparisons of their clinical results. Our study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of these two grafts.
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four strand hamstring tendon autograft versus lars Artificial Ligament for anterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction
International Orthopaedics, 2010Co-Authors: Zhongtang Liu, Xianlong Zhang, Yao Jiang, Bingfang ZengAbstract:This retrospective study compared the results after anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a four-strand hamstring tendon graft (4SHG) versus Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) Artificial Ligament in 60 patients between January 2003 and July 2004 with a minimum four-year follow-up. The KT-1000 examination, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring systems and Lysholm knee scoring scale were used to evaluate the clinical results. The mean side-to-side difference was 2.4 ± 0.5 mm and 1.2 ± 0.3 mm in the 4SHG group and LARS group, respectively (P = 0.013). Although other results of ACL reconstruction, measured by IKDC evaluation, Lysholm scores and Tegner scores, showed using a LARS graft clinically tended to be superior to using a 4SHG, there were no significant differences calculated. Our results suggest that four years after ACL reconstruction using a LARS Ligament or 4SHG dramatically improves the function outcome, while the patients in the LARS group displayed a higher knee stability than those in the 4SHG group.
Xiaoyun Pan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hamstring tendon autograft versus LARS Artificial Ligament for arthroscopic posterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction in a long-term follow-up.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Tingting Huang, Zhongtang Liu, Hong Wen, Xiaoyun PanAbstract:Introduction Surgical reconstruction has been increasingly recommended for the surgical management of posterior cruciate Ligament (PCL) ruptures. While the choice of tissue graft still remains controversial. Currently both hamstring tendon autograft (HTG) and Ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) Artificial Ligament are widely used but there are seldom reports on the comparisons of their clinical results. Our study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of these two grafts.
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bone patellar tendon bone autograft versus lars Artificial Ligament for anterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, 2013Co-Authors: Xiaoyun Pan, Hong Wen, Li-de WangAbstract:The optimized graft for use in anterior cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction is still in controversy. The bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autograft has been accepted as the gold standard for ACL reconstruction. However, donor site morbidities cannot be avoided after this treatment. The Artificial Ligament of Ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) has been recommended for ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to compare the midterm outcome of ACL reconstruction using BPTB autografts or LARS Ligaments. Between July 2004 and March 2006, the ACL reconstruction using BPTB autografts in 30 patients and LARS Ligaments in 32 patients was performed. All patients were followed up for at least 4 years and evaluated using the Lysholm knee score, Tegner score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and KT-1000 arthrometer test. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the data of Lysholm scores, Tegner scores, IKDC scores, and KT-1000 arthrometer test at the latest follow-up. Our study demonstrates that the similarly good clinical results are obtained after ACL reconstruction using BPTB autografts or LARS Ligaments at midterm follow-up. In addition to BPTB autografts, the LARS Ligament may be a satisfactory treatment option for ACL rupture.
