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Mauro Melato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Synchrotron soft X-ray imaging and fluorescence microscopy reveal novel features of Asbestos Body morphology and composition in human lung tissues
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Lorella Pascolo, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Burkhard Kaulich, Clara Rizzardi, Manuela Schneider, Cristina Bottin, Maurizio Polentarutti, Maya Kiskinova, Antonio Longoni, Mauro MelatoAbstract:Background Occupational or environmental exposure to Asbestos fibres is associated with pleural and parenchymal lung diseases. A histopathologic hallmark of exposure to Asbestos is the presence in lung parenchyma of the so-called Asbestos bodies. They are the final product of biomineralization processes resulting in deposition of endogenous iron and organic matter (mainly proteins) around the inhaled Asbestos fibres. For shedding light on the formation mechanisms of Asbestos bodies it is of fundamental importance to characterize at the same length scales not only their structural morphology and chemical composition but also to correlate them to the possible alterations in the local composition of the surrounding tissues. Here we report the first correlative morphological and chemical characterization of untreated paraffinated histological lung tissue samples with Asbestos bodies by means of soft X-ray imaging and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) microscopy, which reveals new features in the elemental lateral distribution. Results The X-ray absorption and phase contrast images and the simultaneously monitored XRF maps of tissue samples have revealed the location, distribution and elemental composition of Asbestos bodies and associated nanometric structures. The observed specific morphology and differences in the local Si, Fe, O and Mg content provide distinct fingerprints characteristic for the core Asbestos fibre and the ferruginous Body. The highest Si content is found in the Asbestos fibre, while the shell and ferruginous bodies are characterized by strongly increased content of Mg, Fe and O compared to the adjacent tissue. The XRF and SEM-EDX analyses of the extracted Asbestos bodies confirmed an enhanced Mg deposition in the organic Asbestos coating. Conclusions The present report demonstrates the potential of the advanced synchrotron-based X-ray imaging and microspectroscopy techniques for studying the response of the lung tissue to the presence of Asbestos fibres. The new results obtained by simultaneous structural and chemical analysis of tissue specimen have provided clear evidence that Mg, in addition to Fe, is also involved in the formation mechanisms of Asbestos bodies. This is the first important step to further thorough investigations that will shed light on the physiopathological role of Mg in tissue response to the Asbestos toxicity.
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synchrotron soft x ray imaging and fluorescence microscopy reveal novel features of Asbestos Body morphology and composition in human lung tissues
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Lorella Pascolo, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Burkhard Kaulich, Clara Rizzardi, Manuela Schneider, Cristina Bottin, Maurizio Polentarutti, Maya Kiskinova, Antonio Longoni, Mauro MelatoAbstract:Occupational or environmental exposure to Asbestos fibres is associated with pleural and parenchymal lung diseases. A histopathologic hallmark of exposure to Asbestos is the presence in lung parenchyma of the so-called Asbestos bodies. They are the final product of biomineralization processes resulting in deposition of endogenous iron and organic matter (mainly proteins) around the inhaled Asbestos fibres. For shedding light on the formation mechanisms of Asbestos bodies it is of fundamental importance to characterize at the same length scales not only their structural morphology and chemical composition but also to correlate them to the possible alterations in the local composition of the surrounding tissues. Here we report the first correlative morphological and chemical characterization of untreated paraffinated histological lung tissue samples with Asbestos bodies by means of soft X-ray imaging and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) microscopy, which reveals new features in the elemental lateral distribution. The X-ray absorption and phase contrast images and the simultaneously monitored XRF maps of tissue samples have revealed the location, distribution and elemental composition of Asbestos bodies and associated nanometric structures. The observed specific morphology and differences in the local Si, Fe, O and Mg content provide distinct fingerprints characteristic for the core Asbestos fibre and the ferruginous Body. The highest Si content is found in the Asbestos fibre, while the shell and ferruginous bodies are characterized by strongly increased content of Mg, Fe and O compared to the adjacent tissue. The XRF and SEM-EDX analyses of the extracted Asbestos bodies confirmed an enhanced Mg deposition in the organic Asbestos coating. The present report demonstrates the potential of the advanced synchrotron-based X-ray imaging and microspectroscopy techniques for studying the response of the lung tissue to the presence of Asbestos fibres. The new results obtained by simultaneous structural and chemical analysis of tissue specimen have provided clear evidence that Mg, in addition to Fe, is also involved in the formation mechanisms of Asbestos bodies. This is the first important step to further thorough investigations that will shed light on the physiopathological role of Mg in tissue response to the Asbestos toxicity.
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a procedure for the isolation of Asbestos bodies from lung tissue by exploiting their magnetic properties a new approach to Asbestos Body study
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 2007Co-Authors: Violetta Borelli, Clara Rizzardi, Maurizio Polentarutti, Mauro Melato, Francesca Vita, Cristiana Brochetta, Cristina Busatto, Rita Abbate, R Gotter, Giuliano ZabucchiAbstract:The role of Asbestos bodies (and associated proteinacious coating) in Asbestos associated diseases is not well understood. Currently employed methods of isolation of these bodies employ harsh chemicals that lead to destruction of their proteinacious coating. In this work a method was developed that enabled the purification of whole, integral, unmodified Asbestos bodies (AB) by exploiting their magnetic properties. Albumin and ferritin were found to be the major proteins associated with AB isolated from lung tissue of mesothelioma patients. Magnetically isolated AB were shown to be cytotoxic and to activate free radical production from inflammatory cells at a higher extent than that induced by bodies obtained by chemical digestion. The finding that hypochlorite-treated AB induce DNA damage, while AB obtained by the method described in this article failed to do so, together with the differential behavior of these bodies toward inflammatory cells, suggests that native Asbestos bodies should be used to invest...
Thomas A. Sporn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Asbestos fiber content of lungs with diffuse interstitial fibrosis an analytical scanning electron microscopic analysis of 249 cases
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Frank Schneider, Thomas A. SpornAbstract:Abstract Context.—Asbestosis is one of many forms of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Its histologic diagnosis rests on the pattern of fibrosis and the presence of Asbestos bodies by light microscopy in lung biopsies. Objective.—To determine the Asbestos fiber burden in patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis (DPF) who had a history of Asbestos exposure, but whose biopsies did not meet established criteria for Asbestosis, and compare it with the fiber burden in confirmed Asbestosis cases. Design.—Fiber burden analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of lung parenchyma from 86 patients with DPF and 163 patients with Asbestosis. The correlation of the number of Asbestos fibers found for a quantitative degree of fibrosis was analyzed. Results.—The fibrosis scores of the Asbestosis cases correlated best with the number of uncoated commercial amphibole fibers. Seven DPF cases fell within the 95% interval of Asbestos Body count by light microscopy a...
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exposure to brake dust and malignant mesothelioma a study of 10 cases with mineral fiber analyses
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2003Co-Authors: Kelly J Butnor, Thomas A. SpornAbstract:Objectives: A large number of workers in the USA are exposed to chrysotile Asbestos through brake repair, yet only a few cases of malignant mesothelioma (MM) have been described in this population. Epidemiologic and industrial hygiene studies have failed to demonstrate an increased risk of MM in brake workers. We present our experience of MM in individuals whose only known Asbestos exposure was to brake dust and correlate these findings with lung Asbestos fiber burdens. Methods: Consultation files of one of the authors were reviewed for cases of MM in which brake dust was the only known Asbestos exposure. Lung fiber analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in all cases for which formalin-fixed or paraffinembedded lung tissue was available. Results: Ten cases of MM in brake dust-exposed individuals were males aged 51–73 yr. Nine cases arose in the pleura and one in the peritoneum. Although the median lung Asbestos Body count (19 AB/g) is at our upper limit of normal (range 0–20 AB/g), half of the cases had levels within our normal range. In every case with elevated Asbestos fiber levels by SEM, excess commercial amphibole fibers were also detected. Elevated levels of chrysotile and non-commercial amphibole fibers were detected only in cases that also had increased commercial amphibole fibers. Conclusions: Brake dust contains exceedingly low levels of respirable chrysotile, much of which consists of short fibers subject to rapid pulmonary clearance. Elevated lung levels of commercial amphiboles in some brake workers suggest that unrecognized exposure to these fibers plays a critical role in the development of MM.
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malignant mesothelioma and occupational exposure to Asbestos a clinicopathological correlation of 1445 cases
Ultrastructural Pathology, 2002Co-Authors: Anupama Sharma, Thomas A. Sporn, Kelly J Butnor, Robin T VollmerAbstract:Asbestos exposure is indisputably associated with development of mesothelioma. However, relatively few studies have evaluated the type of occupational exposure in correlation with Asbestos fiber content and type. This study reports findings in 1445 cases of mesothelioma with known exposure history; 268 of these also had fiber burden analysis. The 1445 cases of mesothelioma were subclassified into 23 predominant occupational or exposure categories. Asbestos Body counts per gram of wet lung tissue were determined by light microscopy. Asbestos fiber content and type were determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Results were compared with a control group of 19 lung tissue samples. Ninety-four percent of the cases occurred among 19 exposure categories. Median Asbestos Body counts and levels of commercial and noncommercial amphibole fibers showed elevated levels for each of these 19 categories. Chrysotile fibers were detectable in 36 of 268 cases. All but 2 of these also ...
Bart Vrugt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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discrepancies of Asbestos Body and fiber content between formalin fixed and corresponding paraffin embedded lung tissue
Inhalation Toxicology, 2021Co-Authors: Barbara Kuhn, Fabio Barresi, Holger Dressel, Bart VrugtAbstract:Formalin-fixed lung tissue and paraffin blocks containing peripheral lung tissue obtained from subjects with an occupational Asbestos exposure are both regarded to be suitable to determine Asbestos...
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discrepancies of Asbestos Body and fiber content between formalin fixed and corresponding paraffin embedded lung tissue
Inhalation Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Barbara Kuhn, Fabio Barresi, Holger Dressel, Bart VrugtAbstract:Background Formalin-fixed lung tissue and paraffin blocks containing peripheral lung tissue obtained from subjects with an occupational Asbestos exposure are both regarded to be suitable to determine Asbestos load. Because sample preparation of paraffin blocks requires a more intense treatment than formalin-fixed tissue, we tested whether Asbestos analysis of formalin-fixed lung tissue and paraffin blocks obtained from the same patients deliver comparable results. Materials and methods We determined numbers of Asbestos bodies (AB) and amphibole Asbestos fibers (AF) in formalin-fixed lung tissue and corresponding paraffin blocks from 36 patients. For AB counts, samples were digested in sodium hypochlorite. For AF analysis, tissue was freeze-dried and then ashed. Results were reported as numbers of AB and AF per gram dry lung tissue. Results Both AB counts as well as AF counts were lower in paraffin blocks than formalin-fixed lung tissue. Compared to formalin-fixed tissue, the limit of detection was higher for paraffin blocks, rendering more results from paraffin blocks not interpretable than from formalin-fixed tissue (8 samples versus 1 for AB and 15 samples versus 4 for AF). Discussion and conclusion Asbestos analysis of paraffin blocks may lead to underestimation of Asbestos exposure. This should be considered when assessing occupational Asbestos exposure through lung dust analysis in medico-legal evaluation.
Lorella Pascolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Synchrotron soft X-ray imaging and fluorescence microscopy reveal novel features of Asbestos Body morphology and composition in human lung tissues
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Lorella Pascolo, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Burkhard Kaulich, Clara Rizzardi, Manuela Schneider, Cristina Bottin, Maurizio Polentarutti, Maya Kiskinova, Antonio Longoni, Mauro MelatoAbstract:Background Occupational or environmental exposure to Asbestos fibres is associated with pleural and parenchymal lung diseases. A histopathologic hallmark of exposure to Asbestos is the presence in lung parenchyma of the so-called Asbestos bodies. They are the final product of biomineralization processes resulting in deposition of endogenous iron and organic matter (mainly proteins) around the inhaled Asbestos fibres. For shedding light on the formation mechanisms of Asbestos bodies it is of fundamental importance to characterize at the same length scales not only their structural morphology and chemical composition but also to correlate them to the possible alterations in the local composition of the surrounding tissues. Here we report the first correlative morphological and chemical characterization of untreated paraffinated histological lung tissue samples with Asbestos bodies by means of soft X-ray imaging and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) microscopy, which reveals new features in the elemental lateral distribution. Results The X-ray absorption and phase contrast images and the simultaneously monitored XRF maps of tissue samples have revealed the location, distribution and elemental composition of Asbestos bodies and associated nanometric structures. The observed specific morphology and differences in the local Si, Fe, O and Mg content provide distinct fingerprints characteristic for the core Asbestos fibre and the ferruginous Body. The highest Si content is found in the Asbestos fibre, while the shell and ferruginous bodies are characterized by strongly increased content of Mg, Fe and O compared to the adjacent tissue. The XRF and SEM-EDX analyses of the extracted Asbestos bodies confirmed an enhanced Mg deposition in the organic Asbestos coating. Conclusions The present report demonstrates the potential of the advanced synchrotron-based X-ray imaging and microspectroscopy techniques for studying the response of the lung tissue to the presence of Asbestos fibres. The new results obtained by simultaneous structural and chemical analysis of tissue specimen have provided clear evidence that Mg, in addition to Fe, is also involved in the formation mechanisms of Asbestos bodies. This is the first important step to further thorough investigations that will shed light on the physiopathological role of Mg in tissue response to the Asbestos toxicity.
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synchrotron soft x ray imaging and fluorescence microscopy reveal novel features of Asbestos Body morphology and composition in human lung tissues
Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Lorella Pascolo, Alessandra Gianoncelli, Burkhard Kaulich, Clara Rizzardi, Manuela Schneider, Cristina Bottin, Maurizio Polentarutti, Maya Kiskinova, Antonio Longoni, Mauro MelatoAbstract:Occupational or environmental exposure to Asbestos fibres is associated with pleural and parenchymal lung diseases. A histopathologic hallmark of exposure to Asbestos is the presence in lung parenchyma of the so-called Asbestos bodies. They are the final product of biomineralization processes resulting in deposition of endogenous iron and organic matter (mainly proteins) around the inhaled Asbestos fibres. For shedding light on the formation mechanisms of Asbestos bodies it is of fundamental importance to characterize at the same length scales not only their structural morphology and chemical composition but also to correlate them to the possible alterations in the local composition of the surrounding tissues. Here we report the first correlative morphological and chemical characterization of untreated paraffinated histological lung tissue samples with Asbestos bodies by means of soft X-ray imaging and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) microscopy, which reveals new features in the elemental lateral distribution. The X-ray absorption and phase contrast images and the simultaneously monitored XRF maps of tissue samples have revealed the location, distribution and elemental composition of Asbestos bodies and associated nanometric structures. The observed specific morphology and differences in the local Si, Fe, O and Mg content provide distinct fingerprints characteristic for the core Asbestos fibre and the ferruginous Body. The highest Si content is found in the Asbestos fibre, while the shell and ferruginous bodies are characterized by strongly increased content of Mg, Fe and O compared to the adjacent tissue. The XRF and SEM-EDX analyses of the extracted Asbestos bodies confirmed an enhanced Mg deposition in the organic Asbestos coating. The present report demonstrates the potential of the advanced synchrotron-based X-ray imaging and microspectroscopy techniques for studying the response of the lung tissue to the presence of Asbestos fibres. The new results obtained by simultaneous structural and chemical analysis of tissue specimen have provided clear evidence that Mg, in addition to Fe, is also involved in the formation mechanisms of Asbestos bodies. This is the first important step to further thorough investigations that will shed light on the physiopathological role of Mg in tissue response to the Asbestos toxicity.
Victor L. Roggli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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malignant mesothelioma diagnosed at a younger age is associated with heavier Asbestos exposure
Carcinogenesis, 2018Co-Authors: Tommaso A Dragani, Elizabeth N Pavlisko, Francesca Colombo, Victor L. RoggliAbstract:Asbestos exposure is the main etiology of malignant mesothelioma, but there are conflicting data on whether the intensity of exposure modulates the development of this disease. This study considered 594 patients with malignant mesothelioma for whom count data on Asbestos bodies and fibers (per gram of wet lung tissue) were available. The relationships between age at diagnosis (a time-to-event outcome variable) and these two measures of internal Asbestos exposure, along with other possible modulating factors (sex, tumor location, histological subtype and childhood exposure), were assessed on multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, stratifying by decade of birth year. For both measures of Asbestos in lung tissue, younger age at diagnosis was associated with higher internal measures of exposure to Asbestos. Stratified Cox analyses showed that for each doubling in Asbestos Body count patients were 1.07 times more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.09; P = 2.2 × 10-7] and for each doubling in Asbestos fiber count patients were 1.13 times more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age (HR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.09-1.17; P = 8.6 × 10-11). None of the other variables considered were associated with age at diagnosis. Our finding that tumors become clinically apparent at a younger age in heavily exposed subjects suggests that Asbestos is involved not only in the malignant mesothelioma tumor initiation but, somehow, also in the progression of the disease.
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Asbestos content of lung tissue in patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma a study of 42 cases
Ultrastructural Pathology, 2016Co-Authors: Gustaaf G De Ridder, Alyssa Kraynie, Elizabeth N Pavlisko, Tim D Oury, Victor L. RoggliAbstract:Lung tissue from 42 peritoneal mesothelioma cases was analyzed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry. There were 34 men and 8 women with a mean age of 61 ± 10 years. Also, 17% of cases had histologically confirmed Asbestosis, and 26% had only parietal pleural plaques. The Asbestos Body count exceeded our normal range in 22 of 42 cases (52%). Cases with Asbestos-related pulmonary disease had higher fiber burdens than those without. The vast majority of fibers were commercial amphiboles (amosite with lesser amounts of crocidolite). These findings concur with previously published epidemiological observations.
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Asbestos related disease associated with exposure to asbestiform tremolite
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Sharon H. Srebro, Victor L. RoggliAbstract:Tremolite is nearly ubiquitous and represents the most common amphibole fiber in the lungs of urbanites. Tremolite Asbestos is not mined or used commercially but is a frequent contaminant of chrysotile Asbestos, vermiculite, and talc. Therefore, individuals exposed to these materials or to end-products containing these materials may be exposed to tremolite. We have had the opportunity to do Asbestos Body counts and mineral fiber analysis on pulmonary tissue from five mesothelioma cases and two Asbestosis cases with pulmonary tremolite burdens greater than background levels. There were no uncoated amosite or crocidolite fibers detected in any of these cases. Three patients were occupationally exposed to chrysotile Asbestos; two patients had environmental exposures (one to vermiculite and one to chrysotile and talc) and one was a household contact of a shipyard worker. The tremolite burdens for the Asbestosis cases were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those for the mesothelioma cases. Our study confirms the relationship between tremolite exposure and the development of Asbestos-associated diseases. Furthermore, the finding of relatively modest elevations of tremolite content in some of our mesothelioma cases suggests that, at least for some susceptible individuals, moderate exposures to tremolite-contaminated dust can produce malignant pleural mesothelioma.
