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Hans Bisgaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor antagonists on markers of inflammation. Discussion
    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Anthony P Sampson, Redwan Moqbel, Hans Bisgaard, Emilio Pizzichini, Mark C. Liu, Stephen P. Peters
    Abstract:

    The understanding that Asthma Pathophysiology includes an inflammatory component has spurred the more aggressive use of anti-inflammatory therapies and created a need for effective tools to measure inflammation. Biomarkers of airway inflammation proposed are obtained by methods that are direct but highly invasive (bronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage), moderately direct, and less invasive (indirect sputum, exhaled air, breath condensate) or indirect and least invasive (blood, urine). Several studies described in this review have implicated the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) as inflammatory mediators in a wide range of diseases, implying that their biological activities reach far beyond acute bronchoconstriction, the activity traditionally ascribed to them. The validity of examining sputum for biomarkers has improved the understanding of Asthma Pathophysiology, optimization of Asthma treatment and management, and investigation of the relation between CysLTs and airway inflammation in Asthma. Nitric oxide is also a surrogate marker of Asthma and reflects airway inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of the leukotriene receptor antagonists and the markers of their activity continue to grow.

  • Effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor antagonists on markers of inflammation.
    The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Anthony P Sampson, Emilio Pizzichini, Hans Bisgaard
    Abstract:

    The understanding that Asthma Pathophysiology includes an inflammatory component has spurred the more aggressive use of anti-inflammatory therapies and created a need for effective tools to measure inflammation. Biomarkers of airway inflammation proposed are obtained by methods that are direct but highly invasive (bronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage), moderately direct, and less invasive (indirect sputum, exhaled air, breath condensate) or indirect and least invasive (blood, urine). Several studies described in this review have implicated the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) as inflammatory mediators in a wide range of diseases, implying that their biological activities reach far beyond acute bronchoconstriction, the activity traditionally ascribed to them. The validity of examining sputum for "biomarkers" has improved the understanding of Asthma Pathophysiology, optimization of Asthma treatment and management, and investigation of the relation between CysLTs and airway inflammation in Asthma. Nitric oxide is also a surrogate marker of Asthma and reflects airway inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of the leukotriene receptor antagonists and the markers of their activity continue to grow.

  • Effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor antagonists on markers of inflammation
    Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Anthony P Sampson, Emilio Pizzichini, Hans Bisgaard
    Abstract:

    The understanding that Asthma Pathophysiology includes an inflammatory component has spurred the more aggressive use of anti-inflammatory therapies and created a need for effective tools to measure inflammation. Biomarkers of airway inflammation proposed are obtained by methods that are direct but highly invasive (bronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage), moderately direct, and less invasive (indirect sputum, exhaled air, breath condensate) or indirect and least invasive (blood, urine). Several studies described in this review have implicated the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) as inflammatory mediators in a wide range of diseases, implying that their biological activities reach far beyond acute bronchoconstriction, the activity traditionally ascribed to them. The validity of examining sputum for “biomarkers” has improved the understanding of Asthma Pathophysiology, optimization of Asthma treatment and management, and investigation of the relation between CysLTs and airway inflammation in Asthma. Nitric oxide is also a surrogate marker of Asthma and reflects airway inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of the leukotriene receptor antagonists and the markers of their activity continue to grow. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:S49-61.)

  • Role of leukotrienes in Asthma Pathophysiology
    Pediatric pulmonology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Hans Bisgaard
    Abstract:

    Inflammation is an essential component of Asthma Pathophysiology. While β2-agonists are often used for short-term relief of acute bronchospasm, anti-inflammatory agents are required for the long-term management of chronic inflammation in this disease. Corticosteroids have emerged as the first-line anti-inflammatory therapy for Asthma management. However, in some patients, especially children, the high doses of corticosteroids that may be required to control features of hyperresponsiveness, including exercise-induced Asthma, raise safety concerns. Thus, there is a need for complementary anti-inflammatory, steroid-sparing agents in Asthma therapy. Several inflammatory mediators have been targeted in an attempt to thwart this inflammatory process, but so far with little success. The cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT), LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, have been shown to be essential mediators in Asthma, making them obvious targets for therapy. These cysteinyl leukotrienes, previously known as the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), mediate many of the features of Asthma, including bronchial constriction, bronchial hyperreactivity, edema, and eosinophilia. Data show that selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists (CysLTRAs) effectively reverse these pathologic changes. Corticosteroids do not inhibit the production of CysLTs in vivo, suggesting that CysLTRAs and corticosteroids affect different targets. The bronchodilator properties of CysLTRAs seem to be additive to those of β2-agonists and corticosteroids. These data suggest that CysLTs are important therapeutic targets in the management of inflammation in Asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2000; 30:166–176. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Riccardina Tesse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Respiratory epithelial imbalances in Asthma Pathophysiology
    Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 2013
    Co-Authors: Fabio Cardinale, I Chinellato, P. Giordano, Riccardina Tesse
    Abstract:

    The Pathophysiology of Asthma is complex and involves a number of factors including atopy and bronchial hyperreactivity. A strong body of evidence suggests that structural and functional respiratory epithelial alterations play a crucial role in both development and persistence of this condition. From the onset of symptoms the airways epithelium of Asthmatic patients seems to be altered and unable to repair. The interactions between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyma, which are jointly referred to as the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU), are thought to result in a self-sustaining damage of the airways and, ultimately, in a chronic inflammatory scenario. A better understanding of the relationship occurring across EMTU, environmental noxae, and factors of susceptibility to epithelial damage is likely to pave the way to future new preventive and therapeutic strategies for this condition.

Lawrence S. Schieken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Asthma Pathophysiology and the scientific rationale for combination therapy.
    Allergy and asthma proceedings, 2002
    Co-Authors: Lawrence S. Schieken
    Abstract:

    The clinical and scientific description of Asthma has been undergoing an evolution of continuous revision during the past 10 years. This disorder has been recognized as a complex entity with interplay between genetic, environmental, and allergenic factors resulting in a significant component of inflammation of the airway. Recent directions in therapy differ in taking either the broad-based antagonist or the specific mediator antagonist approach. This review highlights some of the scientific evidence of the operative pathophysiological events and reviews their applicability to the rationale for broad-based combination Asthma therapy.

Redwan Moqbel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • what s new in Asthma Pathophysiology and immunopathology
    Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kanami Orihara, Nyla Dil, Vidyanand Anaparti, Redwan Moqbel
    Abstract:

    Research on Asthma Pathophysiology over the past decade has expanded the complex repertoire involved in the Pathophysiology of Asthma to include inflammatory, immune and structural cells, as well as a wide range of mediators. Studies have identified a role for connective and other mesenchymal tissues involved in airway remodeling. Recent findings have implicated the innate immune response in Asthma and have revealed interesting patterns of interaction between the innate and adaptive immune response and the associated complex chronic inflammatory reaction. New immune cell populations have also been added to this repertoire, including Tregs, natural killer T cells and Th17 cells. The role of the eosinophil, a prominent pathological feature in most Asthma phenotypes, has also been expanding to include roles such as tissue modifiers and immune regulators via a number of fascinating and hitherto unexplored mechanistic pathways. In addition, new and significant roles have been proposed for airway smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells. Tissue remodeling is now considered an integral element of Asthma Pathophysiology. Finally, an intricate network of mediators, released from both immune and inflammatory cells, including thymus stromal lymphopoietin and matrix metalloproteinases, have added to the complex milieu of Asthma immunity and inflammation. These findings have implications for therapy and the search for novel strategies towards better disease management. Sadly, and perhaps due to the complex nature of Asthma, advances in therapeutic discoveries and developments have been limited. Thus, understanding the precise roles played by the numerous dramatis personae in this odyssey, both individually and collectively within the context of Asthma Pathophysiology, continues to pose new challenges. It is clear that the next stage in this saga is to embark on studies that transcend reductionist approaches to involve system analysis of the complex and multiple variables involved in Asthma, including the need to narrow down the phenotypes of this condition based on careful analysis of the organs (lung and airways), cells, mediators and other factors involved in bronchial Asthma.

  • What’s new in Asthma Pathophysiology and immunopathology?
    Expert review of respiratory medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kanami Orihara, Nyla Dil, Vidyanand Anaparti, Redwan Moqbel
    Abstract:

    Research on Asthma Pathophysiology over the past decade has expanded the complex repertoire involved in the Pathophysiology of Asthma to include inflammatory, immune and structural cells, as well as a wide range of mediators. Studies have identified a role for connective and other mesenchymal tissues involved in airway remodeling. Recent findings have implicated the innate immune response in Asthma and have revealed interesting patterns of interaction between the innate and adaptive immune response and the associated complex chronic inflammatory reaction. New immune cell populations have also been added to this repertoire, including Tregs, natural killer T cells and Th17 cells. The role of the eosinophil, a prominent pathological feature in most Asthma phenotypes, has also been expanding to include roles such as tissue modifiers and immune regulators via a number of fascinating and hitherto unexplored mechanistic pathways. In addition, new and significant roles have been proposed for airway smooth muscle ...

  • Effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene receptor antagonists on markers of inflammation. Discussion
    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Anthony P Sampson, Redwan Moqbel, Hans Bisgaard, Emilio Pizzichini, Mark C. Liu, Stephen P. Peters
    Abstract:

    The understanding that Asthma Pathophysiology includes an inflammatory component has spurred the more aggressive use of anti-inflammatory therapies and created a need for effective tools to measure inflammation. Biomarkers of airway inflammation proposed are obtained by methods that are direct but highly invasive (bronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage), moderately direct, and less invasive (indirect sputum, exhaled air, breath condensate) or indirect and least invasive (blood, urine). Several studies described in this review have implicated the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) as inflammatory mediators in a wide range of diseases, implying that their biological activities reach far beyond acute bronchoconstriction, the activity traditionally ascribed to them. The validity of examining sputum for biomarkers has improved the understanding of Asthma Pathophysiology, optimization of Asthma treatment and management, and investigation of the relation between CysLTs and airway inflammation in Asthma. Nitric oxide is also a surrogate marker of Asthma and reflects airway inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of the leukotriene receptor antagonists and the markers of their activity continue to grow.

Iolanda F L C Tiberio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.