The Experts below are selected from a list of 2265 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Aude Oliva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quadri stability of a spatially ambiguous Auditory Illusion
2015Co-Authors: Constance M Bainbridge, Wilma A Bainbridge, Aude OlivaAbstract:In addition to vision, audition plays an important role in sound localization in our world. One way we estimate the motion of an Auditory object moving towards or away from us is from changes in volume intensity. However, the human Auditory system has unequally distributed spatial resolution, including difficulty distinguishing sounds in front versus behind the listener. Here, we introduce a novel quadri-stable Illusion, the Transverse-and-Bounce Auditory Illusion, which combines front-back confusion with changes in volume levels of a nonspatial sound to create ambiguous percepts of an object approaching and withdrawing from the listener. The sound can be perceived as traveling transversely from front to back or back to front, or “bouncing” to remain exclusively in front of or behind the observer. Here we demonstrate how human listeners experience this illusory phenomenon by comparing ambiguous and unambiguous stimuli for each of the four possible motion percepts. When asked to rate their confidence in perceiving each sound’s motion, participants reported equal confidence for the illusory and unambiguous stimuli. Participants perceived all four illusory motion percepts, and could not distinguish the Illusion from the unambiguous stimuli. These results show that this Illusion is effectively quadri-stable. In a second experiment, the illusory stimulus was looped continuously in headphones while participants identified its perceived path of motion to test properties of perceptual switching, locking, and biases. Participants were biased towards perceiving transverse compared to bouncing paths, and they became perceptually locked into alternating between front-to-back and back-to-front percepts, perhaps reflecting how Auditory objects commonly move in the real world. This multi-stable Auditory Illusion opens opportunities for studying the perceptual, cognitive, and neural representation of objects in motion, as well as exploring multimodal perceptual awareness.
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quadri stability of a spatially ambiguous Auditory Illusion
2015Co-Authors: Constance M Bainbridge, Wilma A Bainbridge, Aude OlivaAbstract:United States. Dept. of Defense (National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowships)
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introducing a quadristable Auditory spatial Illusion imagining objects moving through space
2013Co-Authors: Constance M Bainbridge, Wilma A Bainbridge, Aude OlivaAbstract:Object perception is a multimodal task, involving both sight as well as sound to localize objects. Several visual Illusions have made use of multi-stable percepts of object direction and location (Necker, 1832; Kayahara, 2003). Here, we created an Auditory correlate of such visual Illusions that causes differential interpretations of object direction and location, yet with a constant visual input. This quadristable Auditory Illusion makes use of back-front confusions to give varying perceptions of an object approaching and retracting from the listener. Observers can perceive the sound as traveling: 1) front to back, 2) back to front, 3) coming from and returning to the front, and 4) coming from and returning to the back. To test this Illusion, participants sat in a symmetrical, customized chamber with four speakers positioned on the cardinal axes around them and performed several psychophysics experiments where participants were asked to discriminate between 1) sounds really moving between the speakers and 2) the Illusion (which is played equally in the front and back speakers and does not move). When asked to discriminate between real and illusory sounds, observers performed at chance. They localized the illusory sound as all different directional possibilities. When asked to rate their confidence in perceiving a sound cued by directional instructions, they gave equal confidence for the real and illusory sounds (despite the Illusion having no direction). When rotated 90 degrees, so that the sounds now traveled between the left and right speakers, observers performed at ceiling. These results show the Illusion along the front-back axis is not differentiable from truly moving sounds, and is successful in producing directional percepts. Such quadristable Auditory Illusions open new opportunities in multimodal science, for studying the perceptual, cognitive and neural representation of objects and space, as well as exploring multi-dimensional perceptual awareness.
Patrick A Mcconnell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Auditory driving of the autonomic nervous system listening to theta frequency binaural beats post exercise increases parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal
2014Co-Authors: Patrick A Mcconnell, Brett Froeliger, Eric L Garland, Jeffrey C Ives, Gary A SforzoAbstract:Binaural beats are an Auditory Illusion perceived when two or more pure tones of similar frequencies are presented dichotically through stereo headphones. Although this phenomenon is thought to facilitate state changes (e.g., relaxation), few empirical studies have reported on whether binaural beats produce changes in autonomic arousal. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of binaural beating on autonomic dynamics (heart-rate variability (HRV)) during post-exercise relaxation. Subjects (n = 21; 18-29 years old) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study during which binaural beats and placebo were administered over two randomized and counterbalanced sessions (within-subjects repeated-measures design). At the onset of each visit, subjects exercised for 20-min; post-exercise, subjects listened to either binaural beats (‘wide-band’ theta-frequency binaural beats) or placebo (carrier tone) for 20-min while relaxing alone in a quiet, low-light environment. Dependent variables consisted of high frequency (HF, reflecting parasympathetic activity), low frequency (LF, reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic activity) and LF/HF normalized powers, as well as self-reported relaxation. As compared to the placebo visit, the binaural beat visit resulted in greater self-reported relaxation, as well as increased parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal. By the end of the 20-min relaxation period there were no observable differences in HRV between binaural beat and placebo visits, although binaural-beat associated HRV significantly predicted subsequent reported relaxation. Findings suggest that listening to binaural beats may exert an acute influence on both LF and HF components of HRV and may increase subjective feelings of relaxation.
Mark A Bee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing an Auditory Illusion in frogs perceptual restoration or sensory bias
2010Co-Authors: Folkert Seeba, Joshua J Schwartz, Mark A BeeAbstract:The human Auditory system perceptually restores short deleted segments of speech and other sounds (e.g. tones) when the resulting silent gaps are filled by a potential masking noise. When this phenomenon, known as ‘Auditory induction’, occurs, listeners experience the Illusion of hearing an ongoing sound continuing through the interrupting noise even though the perceived sound is not physically present. Such Illusions suggest that a key function of the Auditory system is to allow listeners to perceive complete Auditory objects with incomplete acoustic information, as may often be the case in multisource acoustic environments. At present, however, we know little about the possible functions of Auditory induction in the sound-mediated behaviours of animals. The present study used two-choice phonotaxis experiments to test the hypothesis that female grey treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis, experience the illusory perceptual restoration of discrete pulses in the male advertisement call when pulses are deleted and replaced by a potential masking noise. While added noise restored some attractiveness to calls with missing pulses, there was little evidence to suggest that the frogs actually experienced the Illusion of perceiving the missing pulses. Instead, the added noise appeared to function as an acoustic appendage that made some calls more attractive than others as a result of sensory biases, the expression of which depended on the temporal order and acoustic structure of the added appendages.
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a test of gestalt grouping principles in frogs Auditory Illusion or sensory bias
2009Co-Authors: Mark A Bee, Folkert SeebaAbstract:The study of Auditory Illusions has been important in elucidating the rules of Auditory grouping in humans, which adheres to principles first described by Gestalt psychologists to explain the formation of visual objects. For example, the human Auditory system perceptually restores short, deleted segments of speech and other sounds (e.g., tones) when the resulting gaps are filled by a potential masking noise. Results from studies of such Illusions suggest that the Gestalt principle of “continuity” allows humans to perceive complete Auditory objects in the face of incomplete or degraded acoustic information in the presence of noise. The present study tested the hypothesis that female treefrogs experience the perceptual restoration of discrete pulses in the male sexual advertisement signal when they are deleted and replaced by a potential masking noise. While added noise restored some attractiveness to degraded signals, there was no evidence that the frogs experienced the Illusion of perceiving actual pulses that were missing. Instead, the added noise functioned as an acoustic ornament that made some signals more attractive than others as a result of an inherent sensory bias for greater sensory stimulation. Whether such sensory biases themselves adhere to Gestalt principles of Auditory grouping remains to be demonstrated.
Constance M Bainbridge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quadri stability of a spatially ambiguous Auditory Illusion
2015Co-Authors: Constance M Bainbridge, Wilma A Bainbridge, Aude OlivaAbstract:In addition to vision, audition plays an important role in sound localization in our world. One way we estimate the motion of an Auditory object moving towards or away from us is from changes in volume intensity. However, the human Auditory system has unequally distributed spatial resolution, including difficulty distinguishing sounds in front versus behind the listener. Here, we introduce a novel quadri-stable Illusion, the Transverse-and-Bounce Auditory Illusion, which combines front-back confusion with changes in volume levels of a nonspatial sound to create ambiguous percepts of an object approaching and withdrawing from the listener. The sound can be perceived as traveling transversely from front to back or back to front, or “bouncing” to remain exclusively in front of or behind the observer. Here we demonstrate how human listeners experience this illusory phenomenon by comparing ambiguous and unambiguous stimuli for each of the four possible motion percepts. When asked to rate their confidence in perceiving each sound’s motion, participants reported equal confidence for the illusory and unambiguous stimuli. Participants perceived all four illusory motion percepts, and could not distinguish the Illusion from the unambiguous stimuli. These results show that this Illusion is effectively quadri-stable. In a second experiment, the illusory stimulus was looped continuously in headphones while participants identified its perceived path of motion to test properties of perceptual switching, locking, and biases. Participants were biased towards perceiving transverse compared to bouncing paths, and they became perceptually locked into alternating between front-to-back and back-to-front percepts, perhaps reflecting how Auditory objects commonly move in the real world. This multi-stable Auditory Illusion opens opportunities for studying the perceptual, cognitive, and neural representation of objects in motion, as well as exploring multimodal perceptual awareness.
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quadri stability of a spatially ambiguous Auditory Illusion
2015Co-Authors: Constance M Bainbridge, Wilma A Bainbridge, Aude OlivaAbstract:United States. Dept. of Defense (National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowships)
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introducing a quadristable Auditory spatial Illusion imagining objects moving through space
2013Co-Authors: Constance M Bainbridge, Wilma A Bainbridge, Aude OlivaAbstract:Object perception is a multimodal task, involving both sight as well as sound to localize objects. Several visual Illusions have made use of multi-stable percepts of object direction and location (Necker, 1832; Kayahara, 2003). Here, we created an Auditory correlate of such visual Illusions that causes differential interpretations of object direction and location, yet with a constant visual input. This quadristable Auditory Illusion makes use of back-front confusions to give varying perceptions of an object approaching and retracting from the listener. Observers can perceive the sound as traveling: 1) front to back, 2) back to front, 3) coming from and returning to the front, and 4) coming from and returning to the back. To test this Illusion, participants sat in a symmetrical, customized chamber with four speakers positioned on the cardinal axes around them and performed several psychophysics experiments where participants were asked to discriminate between 1) sounds really moving between the speakers and 2) the Illusion (which is played equally in the front and back speakers and does not move). When asked to discriminate between real and illusory sounds, observers performed at chance. They localized the illusory sound as all different directional possibilities. When asked to rate their confidence in perceiving a sound cued by directional instructions, they gave equal confidence for the real and illusory sounds (despite the Illusion having no direction). When rotated 90 degrees, so that the sounds now traveled between the left and right speakers, observers performed at ceiling. These results show the Illusion along the front-back axis is not differentiable from truly moving sounds, and is successful in producing directional percepts. Such quadristable Auditory Illusions open new opportunities in multimodal science, for studying the perceptual, cognitive and neural representation of objects and space, as well as exploring multi-dimensional perceptual awareness.
Gary A Sforzo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Auditory driving of the autonomic nervous system listening to theta frequency binaural beats post exercise increases parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal
2014Co-Authors: Patrick A Mcconnell, Brett Froeliger, Eric L Garland, Jeffrey C Ives, Gary A SforzoAbstract:Binaural beats are an Auditory Illusion perceived when two or more pure tones of similar frequencies are presented dichotically through stereo headphones. Although this phenomenon is thought to facilitate state changes (e.g., relaxation), few empirical studies have reported on whether binaural beats produce changes in autonomic arousal. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of binaural beating on autonomic dynamics (heart-rate variability (HRV)) during post-exercise relaxation. Subjects (n = 21; 18-29 years old) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study during which binaural beats and placebo were administered over two randomized and counterbalanced sessions (within-subjects repeated-measures design). At the onset of each visit, subjects exercised for 20-min; post-exercise, subjects listened to either binaural beats (‘wide-band’ theta-frequency binaural beats) or placebo (carrier tone) for 20-min while relaxing alone in a quiet, low-light environment. Dependent variables consisted of high frequency (HF, reflecting parasympathetic activity), low frequency (LF, reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic activity) and LF/HF normalized powers, as well as self-reported relaxation. As compared to the placebo visit, the binaural beat visit resulted in greater self-reported relaxation, as well as increased parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal. By the end of the 20-min relaxation period there were no observable differences in HRV between binaural beat and placebo visits, although binaural-beat associated HRV significantly predicted subsequent reported relaxation. Findings suggest that listening to binaural beats may exert an acute influence on both LF and HF components of HRV and may increase subjective feelings of relaxation.