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Johannes Blum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Democracy’s third wave and National Defense spending
    Public Choice, 2021
    Co-Authors: Johannes Blum
    Abstract:

    I investigate how the third wave of democracy influenced National Defense spending by reference to a panel of 110 countries over the 1972–2013 period. I apply new data from the Stockholm InterNational Peace Research Institute on military expenditures, which has been extended to years prior to 1988, and four democracy measures to address differences among indices of democracy. The results from a dynamic panel data model suggest that democracy’s third wave reduced Defense spending relative to GDP by about 10% within countries that experienced democratization. I exploit the regional diffusion of democracy in the context of the third wave of democratization as an instrumental variable (IV) for democracy in order to overcome endogeneity problems. The IV estimates indicate that democracy reduced National Defense spending relative to GDP by about 20% within countries that experienced democratization, demonstrating that OLS underestimates the effect of democracy on National Defense spending. The cumulative long-run effect of democratization resulting from the dynamics in Defense spending is almost three times larger for both OLS and IV estimates.

  • democracy s third wave and National Defense spending
    Public Choice, 2021
    Co-Authors: Johannes Blum
    Abstract:

    I investigate how the third wave of democracy influenced National Defense spending by reference to a panel of 110 countries over the 1972–2013 period. I apply new data from the Stockholm InterNational Peace Research Institute on military expenditures, which has been extended to years prior to 1988, and four democracy measures to address differences among indices of democracy. The results from a dynamic panel data model suggest that democracy’s third wave reduced Defense spending relative to GDP by about 10% within countries that experienced democratization. I exploit the regional diffusion of democracy in the context of the third wave of democratization as an instrumental variable (IV) for democracy in order to overcome endogeneity problems. The IV estimates indicate that democracy reduced National Defense spending relative to GDP by about 20% within countries that experienced democratization, demonstrating that OLS underestimates the effect of democracy on National Defense spending. The cumulative long-run effect of democratization resulting from the dynamics in Defense spending is almost three times larger for both OLS and IV estimates.

  • Democracy’s Third Wave and National Defense Spending
    2020
    Co-Authors: Johannes Blum
    Abstract:

    I investigate how the third wave of democracy influenced National Defense spending by using a panel of 110 countries for the period 1972-2013. I use new SIPRI data on military expenditure, which has been extended to years prior to 1988 and four democracy measures to address differences among democracy indices. The results from a dynamic panel data model suggest that democracy’s third wave decreased Defense spending relative to GDP by about 10% within countries that experienced democratization. This result does not show to be heterogeneous across world regions which the third wave reached in different sub-waves. I exploit the regional diffusion of democracy in the context of the third wave of democratizations as an instrumental variable (IV) for democracy in order to overcome endogeneity problems. The IV estimates indicate that democracy decreased National Defense spending relative to GDP by about 20% within countries, demonstrating that OLS results underestimate the effect of democracy on National Defense spending. The cumulative long-run effect of democratization resulting from the dynamics in Defense spending is almost three times higher for both OLS and IV estimates.

  • democracy s third wave and National Defense spending
    2020
    Co-Authors: Johannes Blum
    Abstract:

    I investigate how the third wave of democracy influenced National Defense spending by using a panel of 110 countries for the period 1972-2013. I use new SIPRI data on military expenditure, which has been extended to years prior to 1988 and four democracy measures to address differences among democracy indices. The results from a dynamic panel data model suggest that democracy’s third wave decreased Defense spending relative to GDP by about 10% within countries that experienced democratization. This result does not show to be heterogeneous across world regions which the third wave reached in different sub-waves. I exploit the regional diffusion of democracy in the context of the third wave of democratizations as an instrumental variable (IV) for democracy in order to overcome endogeneity problems. The IV estimates indicate that democracy decreased National Defense spending relative to GDP by about 20% within countries, demonstrating that OLS results underestimate the effect of democracy on National Defense spending. The cumulative long-run effect of democratization resulting from the dynamics in Defense spending is almost three times higher for both OLS and IV estimates.

Zhou Chuan-fa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Lin Cheng-lang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Deepening the Study of National Defense Education Act and Promoting the National Defense Education
    Journal of Educational Institute of Jilin Province, 2011
    Co-Authors: Lin Cheng-lang
    Abstract:

    With the publication of "National Defense Education Act",the National Defense Education in our country has made great progress.However,it also encounters some difficulties and problems.In order to study "National Defense Education Act" and to promote the National Defense Education,people should firstly realize the significance of strengthening the National Defense Education from the strategic and global perspective;persist in promoting patriotism,take great efforts to expand the system of National Defense Education;continue to administer education according to law and popularize the National Defense Education thoroughly;persevere in keeping pace with the time,innovate the methods for National Defense Education constantly;reinforce the infrastructure for National Defense Education and lay a solid foundation for its future development.

  • Reflections on Deepening National Defense Education in Universities
    Journal of Bingtuan Education Institute, 2011
    Co-Authors: Lin Cheng-lang
    Abstract:

    In the new circumstances,deepening National Defense education and promoting its scientific development in universities should firstly keep pace with times and cultivate students' concept of modern National Defense;moreover,the country should improve the laws and regulations of Universities' National Defense Education,strengthen its publicity and insist on teaching in accordance with the law;we should focus on the foundation of basic teams and front construction of bational Defense education in universities,guarantee the supply of teaching materials and appropriation to ensure the smooth process of universities' bational Defense education.

  • Reflection on National Defense Education of Non-military Colleges and Universities
    Journal of the Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, 2010
    Co-Authors: Lin Cheng-lang
    Abstract:

    Carrying out National Defense education at non-military colleges and universities is fully implementing the Party's education policy.It is the objective requirement of promoting quality education and training to "be an educated person,with high ideals,moral integrity and a strong sense of discipline" all round.Under the new circumstances,strengthening the National Defense education of non-military colleges and universities must deepen its ideological understanding of National Defense,recognize the significance of National Defense education,strengthen the organization and management,ensure the implement of National Defense education;should focus on themes of our times,grasp the Defense of education,attention to form and methods to enhance the effectiveness of National Defense education.

Li Ying - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Legal Protection of Science and Technology for National Defense
    Journal of Jiangnan Social University, 2009
    Co-Authors: Li Ying
    Abstract:

    Science and technology for National Defense is a prerequisite for the development of weapons and equipment,a material cornerstone for military combat power and an important part of military strength.The security of science and technology for National Defense reflects the security of science and technology in the area of National Defense.To maintain its security and to protect its achievements make up an important part in National security.It is particularly important to establish a sound legal protection mechanisms for science and technology for National Defense in National legal construction.With the development of science and technology industry for National defence,a number of legislative and institutional issues are to be further studied and resolved concerning China's protection mechanism for science and technology security for National Defense.

Tang Hai-bo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • National Defense and Military Training and Education of Higher Vocational Colleges Teaching Mode Exploration
    Journal of Hunan Industry Polytechnic, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tang Hai-bo
    Abstract:

    National Defense and military training education is a vocational education important constituent,but many vocational colleges education desalt,therefore,to explore and study the vocational college National Defense and military training educational innovation teaching mode has important significance.This paper mainly analyzes rom two aspects,first,the current vocational college National Defense and military training and education mode and a prominent problem are discussed secondly,in the light of these problems the new teaching model of the vocational college National Defense and military training education is explored.The practical content,is of important value for the reference for the real National Defense and military training education in higher vocational colleges teaching

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