The Experts below are selected from a list of 45 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Liebetanz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a hybrid Auricular control system direct simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees of freedom in prosthetic hands
Journal of Neural Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Leonie Schmalfuss, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Janne M Hahne, Dario Farina, A Kogut, Wolfgang Doneit, David LiebetanzAbstract:OBJECTIVE The conventional myoelectric control scheme of hand prostheses provides a high level of robustness during continuous use. Typically, the electrical activity of an agonist/antagonist muscle pair in the forearm is detected and used to control either opening/closing or rotation of the prosthetic hand. The translation of more sophisticated control approaches (e.g. regression-based classifiers) to clinical practice is limited mainly because of their lack of robustness in real-world conditions (e.g. due to different arm positions). We therefore explore a new hybrid approach, in which a second degree of freedom (DOF) controlled by the myoelectric activity of the posterior Auricular Muscles is added to the conventional forearm control. With this, an independent, simultaneous and proportional control of rotation and opening/closing of the hand is possible. APPROACH In this study, we compared the hybrid Auricular control system (hACS) to the two most commonly used control techniques for two DOF. Ten able-bodied subjects and one person with transradial amputation performed two standardizes tests in three different arm positions. MAIN RESULTS Subjects controlled a hand prosthesis significantly more rapidly and more accurately using the hACS. Moreover, the robustness of the system was not influenced by different arm positions. SIGNIFICANCE The hACS therefore offers an alternative solution for simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees of freedom that avoids several robustness issues related to machine learning based approaches.
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Human Auricular Muscles.
2018Co-Authors: Jonna Meincke, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Carsten Schmidt-samoa, David LiebetanzAbstract:Extrinsic (a—c) and intrinsic (1–6) Auricular Muscles. a = anterior Auricular muscle, b = superior Auricular muscle, c = posterior Auricular muscle; 1 = helicis major, 2 = helicis minor, 3 = tragicus, 4 = antitragicus, 5 = oblique, 6 = transverse; the 5 and 6 are located on the back of the pinna.
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Cortical representation of Auricular Muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study.
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2018Co-Authors: Jonna Meincke, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Carsten Schmidt-samoa, David LiebetanzAbstract:BACKGROUND:Most humans have the ability to activate the Auricular Muscles. Although (intentional) control suggests an involvement of higher cortical centers underlying posterior Auricular muscle (PAM) activation, the cortical representation of the Auricular Muscles is still unknown. METHODS:With the purpose of identifying a possible cortical representation area we performed automated robotic and image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping (n = 8) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 13). For topographical comparison, a similar experimental protocol was applied for the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) of the hand. RESULTS:The calculated centers of gravity (COGs) of both Muscles were located on the precentral gyrus with the PAM COGs located more laterally compared to the FDI. The distance between the mean PAM and mean FDI COG was 26.3 mm. The TMS mapping results were confirmed by fMRI, which showed a dominance of cortical activation within the precentral gyrus during the corresponding motor tasks. The correspondence of TMS and fMRI results was high. CONCLUSION:The involvement of the primary motor cortex in PAM activation might point to an evolved function of the Auricular Muscles in humans and/or the ability of intentional (and selective) muscle activation
Markus Reischl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a hybrid Auricular control system direct simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees of freedom in prosthetic hands
Journal of Neural Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Leonie Schmalfuss, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Janne M Hahne, Dario Farina, A Kogut, Wolfgang Doneit, David LiebetanzAbstract:OBJECTIVE The conventional myoelectric control scheme of hand prostheses provides a high level of robustness during continuous use. Typically, the electrical activity of an agonist/antagonist muscle pair in the forearm is detected and used to control either opening/closing or rotation of the prosthetic hand. The translation of more sophisticated control approaches (e.g. regression-based classifiers) to clinical practice is limited mainly because of their lack of robustness in real-world conditions (e.g. due to different arm positions). We therefore explore a new hybrid approach, in which a second degree of freedom (DOF) controlled by the myoelectric activity of the posterior Auricular Muscles is added to the conventional forearm control. With this, an independent, simultaneous and proportional control of rotation and opening/closing of the hand is possible. APPROACH In this study, we compared the hybrid Auricular control system (hACS) to the two most commonly used control techniques for two DOF. Ten able-bodied subjects and one person with transradial amputation performed two standardizes tests in three different arm positions. MAIN RESULTS Subjects controlled a hand prosthesis significantly more rapidly and more accurately using the hACS. Moreover, the robustness of the system was not influenced by different arm positions. SIGNIFICANCE The hACS therefore offers an alternative solution for simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees of freedom that avoids several robustness issues related to machine learning based approaches.
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Human Auricular Muscles.
2018Co-Authors: Jonna Meincke, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Carsten Schmidt-samoa, David LiebetanzAbstract:Extrinsic (a—c) and intrinsic (1–6) Auricular Muscles. a = anterior Auricular muscle, b = superior Auricular muscle, c = posterior Auricular muscle; 1 = helicis major, 2 = helicis minor, 3 = tragicus, 4 = antitragicus, 5 = oblique, 6 = transverse; the 5 and 6 are located on the back of the pinna.
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Cortical representation of Auricular Muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study.
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2018Co-Authors: Jonna Meincke, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Carsten Schmidt-samoa, David LiebetanzAbstract:BACKGROUND:Most humans have the ability to activate the Auricular Muscles. Although (intentional) control suggests an involvement of higher cortical centers underlying posterior Auricular muscle (PAM) activation, the cortical representation of the Auricular Muscles is still unknown. METHODS:With the purpose of identifying a possible cortical representation area we performed automated robotic and image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping (n = 8) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 13). For topographical comparison, a similar experimental protocol was applied for the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) of the hand. RESULTS:The calculated centers of gravity (COGs) of both Muscles were located on the precentral gyrus with the PAM COGs located more laterally compared to the FDI. The distance between the mean PAM and mean FDI COG was 26.3 mm. The TMS mapping results were confirmed by fMRI, which showed a dominance of cortical activation within the precentral gyrus during the corresponding motor tasks. The correspondence of TMS and fMRI results was high. CONCLUSION:The involvement of the primary motor cortex in PAM activation might point to an evolved function of the Auricular Muscles in humans and/or the ability of intentional (and selective) muscle activation
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steer by ear myoelectric Auricular control of powered wheelchairs for individuals with spinal cord injury
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: L Schmalfus, Manuel Hewitt, Rüdiger Rupp, A Kogut, M R Tuga, J Meincke, F Klinker, W Duttenhoefer, Ralf Mikut, Markus ReischlAbstract:PURPOSE: Providing mobility solutions for individuals with tetraplegia remains challenging. Existing control devices have shortcomings such as varying or poor signal quality or interference with communication. To overcome these limitations, we present a novel myoelectric Auricular control system (ACS) based on bilateral activation of the posterior Auricular Muscles (PAMs). METHODS: Ten able-bodied subjects and two individuals with tetraplegia practiced PAM activation over 4 days using visual feedback and software-based training for 1 h/day. Initially, half of these subjects were not able to voluntarily activate their PAMs. This ability was tested with regard to 8 parameters such as contraction rate, lateralized activation, wheelchair speed and path length in a virtual obstacle course. In session 5, all subjects steered an electric wheelchair with the ACS. RESULTS: Performance of all subjects in controlling their PAMs improved steadily over the training period. By day 5, all subjects successfully generated basic steering commands using the ACS in a powered wheelchair, and subjects with tetraplegia completed a complex real-world obstacle course. This study demonstrates that the ability to activate PAM on both sides together or unilaterally can be learned and used intuitively to steer a wheelchair. CONCLUSIONS: With the ACS we can exploit the untapped potential of the PAMs by assigning them a new, complex function. The inherent advantages of the ACS, such as not interfering with oral communication, robustness, stability over time and proportional and continuous signal generation, meet the specific needs of wheelchair users and render it a realistic alternative to currently available assistive technologies. Language: en
Manuel Hewitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a hybrid Auricular control system direct simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees of freedom in prosthetic hands
Journal of Neural Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Leonie Schmalfuss, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Janne M Hahne, Dario Farina, A Kogut, Wolfgang Doneit, David LiebetanzAbstract:OBJECTIVE The conventional myoelectric control scheme of hand prostheses provides a high level of robustness during continuous use. Typically, the electrical activity of an agonist/antagonist muscle pair in the forearm is detected and used to control either opening/closing or rotation of the prosthetic hand. The translation of more sophisticated control approaches (e.g. regression-based classifiers) to clinical practice is limited mainly because of their lack of robustness in real-world conditions (e.g. due to different arm positions). We therefore explore a new hybrid approach, in which a second degree of freedom (DOF) controlled by the myoelectric activity of the posterior Auricular Muscles is added to the conventional forearm control. With this, an independent, simultaneous and proportional control of rotation and opening/closing of the hand is possible. APPROACH In this study, we compared the hybrid Auricular control system (hACS) to the two most commonly used control techniques for two DOF. Ten able-bodied subjects and one person with transradial amputation performed two standardizes tests in three different arm positions. MAIN RESULTS Subjects controlled a hand prosthesis significantly more rapidly and more accurately using the hACS. Moreover, the robustness of the system was not influenced by different arm positions. SIGNIFICANCE The hACS therefore offers an alternative solution for simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees of freedom that avoids several robustness issues related to machine learning based approaches.
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Human Auricular Muscles.
2018Co-Authors: Jonna Meincke, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Carsten Schmidt-samoa, David LiebetanzAbstract:Extrinsic (a—c) and intrinsic (1–6) Auricular Muscles. a = anterior Auricular muscle, b = superior Auricular muscle, c = posterior Auricular muscle; 1 = helicis major, 2 = helicis minor, 3 = tragicus, 4 = antitragicus, 5 = oblique, 6 = transverse; the 5 and 6 are located on the back of the pinna.
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Cortical representation of Auricular Muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study.
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2018Co-Authors: Jonna Meincke, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Carsten Schmidt-samoa, David LiebetanzAbstract:BACKGROUND:Most humans have the ability to activate the Auricular Muscles. Although (intentional) control suggests an involvement of higher cortical centers underlying posterior Auricular muscle (PAM) activation, the cortical representation of the Auricular Muscles is still unknown. METHODS:With the purpose of identifying a possible cortical representation area we performed automated robotic and image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping (n = 8) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 13). For topographical comparison, a similar experimental protocol was applied for the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) of the hand. RESULTS:The calculated centers of gravity (COGs) of both Muscles were located on the precentral gyrus with the PAM COGs located more laterally compared to the FDI. The distance between the mean PAM and mean FDI COG was 26.3 mm. The TMS mapping results were confirmed by fMRI, which showed a dominance of cortical activation within the precentral gyrus during the corresponding motor tasks. The correspondence of TMS and fMRI results was high. CONCLUSION:The involvement of the primary motor cortex in PAM activation might point to an evolved function of the Auricular Muscles in humans and/or the ability of intentional (and selective) muscle activation
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steer by ear myoelectric Auricular control of powered wheelchairs for individuals with spinal cord injury
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: L Schmalfus, Manuel Hewitt, Rüdiger Rupp, A Kogut, M R Tuga, J Meincke, F Klinker, W Duttenhoefer, Ralf Mikut, Markus ReischlAbstract:PURPOSE: Providing mobility solutions for individuals with tetraplegia remains challenging. Existing control devices have shortcomings such as varying or poor signal quality or interference with communication. To overcome these limitations, we present a novel myoelectric Auricular control system (ACS) based on bilateral activation of the posterior Auricular Muscles (PAMs). METHODS: Ten able-bodied subjects and two individuals with tetraplegia practiced PAM activation over 4 days using visual feedback and software-based training for 1 h/day. Initially, half of these subjects were not able to voluntarily activate their PAMs. This ability was tested with regard to 8 parameters such as contraction rate, lateralized activation, wheelchair speed and path length in a virtual obstacle course. In session 5, all subjects steered an electric wheelchair with the ACS. RESULTS: Performance of all subjects in controlling their PAMs improved steadily over the training period. By day 5, all subjects successfully generated basic steering commands using the ACS in a powered wheelchair, and subjects with tetraplegia completed a complex real-world obstacle course. This study demonstrates that the ability to activate PAM on both sides together or unilaterally can be learned and used intuitively to steer a wheelchair. CONCLUSIONS: With the ACS we can exploit the untapped potential of the PAMs by assigning them a new, complex function. The inherent advantages of the ACS, such as not interfering with oral communication, robustness, stability over time and proportional and continuous signal generation, meet the specific needs of wheelchair users and render it a realistic alternative to currently available assistive technologies. Language: en
Rüdiger Rupp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a hybrid Auricular control system direct simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees of freedom in prosthetic hands
Journal of Neural Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Leonie Schmalfuss, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Janne M Hahne, Dario Farina, A Kogut, Wolfgang Doneit, David LiebetanzAbstract:OBJECTIVE The conventional myoelectric control scheme of hand prostheses provides a high level of robustness during continuous use. Typically, the electrical activity of an agonist/antagonist muscle pair in the forearm is detected and used to control either opening/closing or rotation of the prosthetic hand. The translation of more sophisticated control approaches (e.g. regression-based classifiers) to clinical practice is limited mainly because of their lack of robustness in real-world conditions (e.g. due to different arm positions). We therefore explore a new hybrid approach, in which a second degree of freedom (DOF) controlled by the myoelectric activity of the posterior Auricular Muscles is added to the conventional forearm control. With this, an independent, simultaneous and proportional control of rotation and opening/closing of the hand is possible. APPROACH In this study, we compared the hybrid Auricular control system (hACS) to the two most commonly used control techniques for two DOF. Ten able-bodied subjects and one person with transradial amputation performed two standardizes tests in three different arm positions. MAIN RESULTS Subjects controlled a hand prosthesis significantly more rapidly and more accurately using the hACS. Moreover, the robustness of the system was not influenced by different arm positions. SIGNIFICANCE The hACS therefore offers an alternative solution for simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control of two degrees of freedom that avoids several robustness issues related to machine learning based approaches.
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Human Auricular Muscles.
2018Co-Authors: Jonna Meincke, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Carsten Schmidt-samoa, David LiebetanzAbstract:Extrinsic (a—c) and intrinsic (1–6) Auricular Muscles. a = anterior Auricular muscle, b = superior Auricular muscle, c = posterior Auricular muscle; 1 = helicis major, 2 = helicis minor, 3 = tragicus, 4 = antitragicus, 5 = oblique, 6 = transverse; the 5 and 6 are located on the back of the pinna.
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Cortical representation of Auricular Muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study.
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2018Co-Authors: Jonna Meincke, Manuel Hewitt, Markus Reischl, Rüdiger Rupp, Carsten Schmidt-samoa, David LiebetanzAbstract:BACKGROUND:Most humans have the ability to activate the Auricular Muscles. Although (intentional) control suggests an involvement of higher cortical centers underlying posterior Auricular muscle (PAM) activation, the cortical representation of the Auricular Muscles is still unknown. METHODS:With the purpose of identifying a possible cortical representation area we performed automated robotic and image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping (n = 8) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 13). For topographical comparison, a similar experimental protocol was applied for the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) of the hand. RESULTS:The calculated centers of gravity (COGs) of both Muscles were located on the precentral gyrus with the PAM COGs located more laterally compared to the FDI. The distance between the mean PAM and mean FDI COG was 26.3 mm. The TMS mapping results were confirmed by fMRI, which showed a dominance of cortical activation within the precentral gyrus during the corresponding motor tasks. The correspondence of TMS and fMRI results was high. CONCLUSION:The involvement of the primary motor cortex in PAM activation might point to an evolved function of the Auricular Muscles in humans and/or the ability of intentional (and selective) muscle activation
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steer by ear myoelectric Auricular control of powered wheelchairs for individuals with spinal cord injury
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: L Schmalfus, Manuel Hewitt, Rüdiger Rupp, A Kogut, M R Tuga, J Meincke, F Klinker, W Duttenhoefer, Ralf Mikut, Markus ReischlAbstract:PURPOSE: Providing mobility solutions for individuals with tetraplegia remains challenging. Existing control devices have shortcomings such as varying or poor signal quality or interference with communication. To overcome these limitations, we present a novel myoelectric Auricular control system (ACS) based on bilateral activation of the posterior Auricular Muscles (PAMs). METHODS: Ten able-bodied subjects and two individuals with tetraplegia practiced PAM activation over 4 days using visual feedback and software-based training for 1 h/day. Initially, half of these subjects were not able to voluntarily activate their PAMs. This ability was tested with regard to 8 parameters such as contraction rate, lateralized activation, wheelchair speed and path length in a virtual obstacle course. In session 5, all subjects steered an electric wheelchair with the ACS. RESULTS: Performance of all subjects in controlling their PAMs improved steadily over the training period. By day 5, all subjects successfully generated basic steering commands using the ACS in a powered wheelchair, and subjects with tetraplegia completed a complex real-world obstacle course. This study demonstrates that the ability to activate PAM on both sides together or unilaterally can be learned and used intuitively to steer a wheelchair. CONCLUSIONS: With the ACS we can exploit the untapped potential of the PAMs by assigning them a new, complex function. The inherent advantages of the ACS, such as not interfering with oral communication, robustness, stability over time and proportional and continuous signal generation, meet the specific needs of wheelchair users and render it a realistic alternative to currently available assistive technologies. Language: en
A. A. Hasso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative study of the auricle and external acoustic meatus of the cattle and buffalo
Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2012Co-Authors: S. Al-sadi, A. A. HassoAbstract:The present work was design to study the anatomical features and radiographic appearance of auricle and external acoustic meatus of cattle and buffalo, collected from (12) sample of heads were used in this study, there were equally divided into three groups: first group to study the shape, position and relation of cartilage, Muscles and ligament of auricle in both animals, second group to study the measurements of external acoustic meatus, and the third group study morphological and radiographical of external acoustic meatus in both animal, the study revealed that the auricle is a flapy flashy appendage attached to the side of the skull by Muscles and ligaments, the auricle is funnel shape, distally is wide open, but more proximally, it is rolled up to form a tube that bend medially to be connected to the external acoustic meatus, the auricle in both animals is composed of three cartilage: the part Auricular, scutiform and annular cartilage also Auricular muscle and ligament which support the external ear. The result of this study shows that intrinsic Auricular Muscles is more developed in buffalo, while the greater parts of the extrinsic Auricular Muscles are developed in both animals. The present work shows that the frontoAuricular Muscles are distinguish into two parts in buffalo and cattle on the other hand the interscutularis muscle thin fibers and attached with scutuloAuricularis prefunds muscle in buffalo, also the parotidAuriculares narrower and thicker in cattle, but a ribbon -like muscle thin and wide in buffalo. The external acoustic meatus begins where the rolled up part of the annular cartilage narrows and ends, the meatus has cartilaginous and osseous parts it is lined with skin the study provided that acoustic meatus about 5.667±0.0816 cm of length in cattle and 6.500± 0.126 cm in buffalo, the aim of present work is to report more detailed information about the auricle and meatus in both animal for value importment can easily examined by the speculum the shortness of the meatus should be courses of the risk of injuring of the tympanic membrane and to be able to pass the otoscope tube through the external meatus and to recognize the eardrum when it is seen, to know the surgical anatomy of auricle and acoustic meatus and to know the relationship of vessels and nerve that must be avoid during surgery and to be able to recognize all parts of the temporal bone on radiographs.
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Comparative study of the auricle and external acoustic meatus of the cattle and buffalo
2011Co-Authors: S. Al-sadi, A. A. HassoAbstract:The present work was design to study the anatomical features and radiographic appearance of auricle and external acoustic meatus of cattle and buffalo, collected from (12) sample of heads were used in this study, there were equally divided into three groups: first group to study the shape, position and relation of cartilage, Muscles and ligament of auricle in both animals, second group to study the measurements of external acoustic meatus, and the third group study morphological and radiographical of external acoustic meatus in both animal, the study revealed that the auricle is a flapy flashy appendage attached to the side of the skull by Muscles and ligaments, the auricle is funnel shape, distally is wide open, but more proximally, it is rolled up to form a tube that bend medially to be connected to the external acoustic meatus, the auricle in both animals is composed of three cartilage: the part Auricular, scutiform and annular cartilage also Auricular muscle and ligament which support the external ear. The result of this study shows that intrinsic Auricular Muscles is more developed in buffalo, while the greater parts of the extrinsic Auricular Muscles are developed in both animals. The present work shows that the frontoAuricular Muscles are distinguish into two parts in buffalo and cattle on the other hand the interscutularis muscle thin fibers and attached with scutuloAuricularis prefunds muscle in buffalo, also the parotidAuriculares narrower and thicker in cattle, but a ribbon-like muscle thin and wide in buffalo. The external acoustic meatus begins where the rolled up part of the annular cartilage narrows and ends, the meatus has cartilaginous and osseou
