The Experts below are selected from a list of 75 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gabor Reuter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome characterization of a novel chicken picornavirus distantly related to the members of genus Avihepatovirus with a single 2A protein and a megrivirus-like 3' UTR.
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Ádám Adonyi, Tung Gia Phan, Gabor ReuterAbstract:The members of the genus Avihepatovirus and related picornaviruses (“Aalivius”) of ducks, turkey and chickens possess identical 2A peptide composition including three functionally unrelated 2A peptides which is a characteristic genome feature of these monophyletic avian picornaviruses. The complete genome of a novel picornavirus provisionally named Orivirus A1 (KM203656) from a cloacal sample of a 4-week-old diarrheic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) distantly related to members of genus Avihepatovirus was characterized. The study strain contains a type-II-like IRES, a single 2A protein of unknown function unrelated to the 2A proteins of Avihepatoviruses and a long 3′ untranslated region (UTR) with multiple repeated sequence motifs followed by an AUG-rich region. The repeated sequences of the 3′ UTR show significant identity to the “Unit A” sequences of the phylogenetically distant megriviruses. The presence of a novel single 2A and the megrivirus-like “Unit A” motifs suggest multiple recombination events in the evolution of this novel picornavirus.
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genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkeys meleagris gallopavo distinct from turkey galliviruses and megriviruses and distantly related to the members of the genus Avihepatovirus
Journal of General Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Csaba Nemes, Gabor ReuterAbstract:This study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples of healthy (1/3) and affected (6/8) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome in Hungary. The virus was detected at seven of the eight farms examined. The turkey/M176-TuASV/2011/HUN genome (KC465954) was genetically different from the currently known picornaviruses of turkey origin (megriviruses and galliviruses), and showed distant phylogenetic relationship and common genomic features (e.g. uncleaved VP0 and three predicted and unrelated 2A polypeptides) to duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) of the genus Avihepatovirus. The complete genome analysis revealed multiple distinct genome features like the presence of two in-tandem aphthovirus 2A-like sequence repeats with DxExNPG/P ‘ribosome-skipping’ sites (76 %, 23/30 amino acids identical), with the first aphthovirus 2A-like sequence being located at the end of the VP1 capsid protein (VP1/2A1 ‘ribosome-skipping’ site). The phylogenetic analyses, low sequence identity (33, 32 and 36 % amino acid identity in P1, P2 and P3 regions) to DHAV, and the type II-like internal ribosome entry site suggests that this turkey picornavirus is related to, but distinct from the genus Avihepatovirus and it could be the founding member of a novel Avihepatovirus sister-clade genus. This is the third, taxonomically highly distinct picornavirus clade identified from turkeys exhibiting varied symptoms.
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identification and complete genome characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkey meleagris gallopavo
Journal of General Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Csaba Nemes, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Members of the family Picornaviridae are important pathogens of humans and animals, although compared with the thousands of known bird species (>10 000), only a few (n = 11) picornaviruses have been identified from avian sources. This study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples collected from eight turkey farms in Hungary. Using RT-PCR, both healthy (two of three) and affected (seven of eight) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome were shown to be shedding viruses in seven (88 %) of the eight farms. The viral genome sequence (turkey/M176/2011/HUN; GenBank accession no. JQ691613) shows a high degree of amino acid sequence identity (96 %) to the partial P3 genome region of a picornavirus reported recently in turkey and chickens from the USA and probably belongs to the same species. In the P1 and P2 regions, turkey/M176/2011/HUN is related most closely to, but distinct from, the kobuviruses and turdivirus 1. Complete genome analysis revealed the presence of characteristic picornaviral amino acid motifs, a potential type II-like 5' UTR internal ribosome entry site (first identified among avian-origin picornaviruses) and a conserved, 48 nt long 'barbell-like' structure found at the 3' UTR of turkey/M176/2011/HUN and members of the picornavirus genera Avihepatovirus and Kobuvirus. The general presence of turkey picornavirus - a novel picornavirus species - in faecal samples from healthy and affected turkeys in Hungary and in the USA suggests the worldwide occurrence and endemic circulation of this virus in turkey farms. Further studies are needed to investigate the aetiological role and pathogenic potential of this picornavirus in food animals.
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kobuvirus in domestic sheep hungary
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries) <3 weeks of age in a herd of 400 animals in central Hungary. At this farm, merino ewes from Hungary were mated with blackhead meat rams from Germany. At the time of sampling, no clinical signs of diarrhea were reported. Reverse transcription–PCR was performed by using generic kobuvirus screening primers (UNIV-kobu-R/F) reported previously (4). These primers were designed for Aichi virus (GenBank accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB040749","term_id":"15186718","term_text":"AB040749"}}AB040749), bovine ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB084788","term_id":"24817742","term_text":"AB084788"}}AB084788), and porcine kobuvirus ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU787450","term_id":"219524015","term_text":"EU787450"}}EU787450) sequences and amplify a 216-nt region of 3D (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region). The continuous 3D and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the kobuvirus genome in sheep were determined by using the 5′/3′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) kit, 2nd generation (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and primers UNIV-kobu-F and S-1-F-7518/7540 (5′-CACTTCCATCATCAACACCATCA-3′ corresponding to nt 7518–7540 of bovine kobuvirus) (4). PCR products were sequenced directly in both directions by using the BigDye Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) with the PCR primers and sequenced by an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Stafford, TX, USA). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using MEGA version 4.1 (www.megasoftware.net). The sequence for kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary was submitted to GenBank under accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693. Of the 8 sheep fecal samples, 5 (62.5%) were positive for kobuvirus. The partial 3D region (216 nt) was genetically identical for all 5 strains. The 3′ continuous nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D (688 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions of strain kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary (TB3-HUN; {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) was determined. TB3-HUN had 59%–66% (862) nt and 77%–84% aa identities to Aichi and porcine kobuviruses, respectively. Strain TB3-HUN had 89/97% nt/aa and 86% nt identities to bovine kobuvirus in the 3D/3′ UTR (862 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the overlapping partial 3D/3′ UTR nucleotide sequence of TB3-HUN from sheep and of reference bovine, porcine, and human kobuviruses confirmed that ovine kobuvirus strain TB3-HUN is related to bovine kobuviruses (Figure). Figure Phylogenetic analysis of kobuvirus in sheep (kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) and kobuvirus lineages in humans, cattle, and swine, according ... The nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D/3′ UTR region of kobuvirus in sheep has high nucleotide identity to bovine kobuviruses and forms the same lineage (but a different sublineage) with the kobuvirus strains in cattle. This result raised the following questions: can a highly similar kobuvirus be present in (and pathogenic for) 2 animal species (cattle and sheep), or is this result a consequence of natural contamination? The concept of sheep as host is supported by the high prevalence of kobuvirus in young healthy sheep; by the sublineage position of the sheep strain on the phylogenetic tree according to the most conserved genetic region; and by the genetic relation between the 2 potential ruminant hosts, cattle and sheep. The existence of 1 pathogen in 2 host species (cattle and sheep) is well known, e.g., for bluetongue virus, adenoviruses, ovine herpesvirus type 2, and foot-and-mouth disease picornaviruses (10). Alternatively, the possibility of natural contamination cannot be excluded. The possibility of passive virus shedding in sheep exists because a cattle farm was located next to the tested sheep herd and would enable fecal–oral transmission of kobuvirus between these farm animals. Both possibilities (host and passive virus reservoir) are preliminary perceptions, regardless which is true. Further molecular and epidemiologic studies are required to determine the relevance, distribution, and diversity of kobuvirus or kobuviruses in sheep.
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Kobuvirus in domestic sheep, Hungary.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries)
Mingchun Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative liver transcriptome analysis in ducklings infected with duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3) at 12 and 48 hours post-infection through RNA-seq
Veterinary Research, 2018Co-Authors: Xuelian Zhang, Chong Cao, Yue Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Chunxue Hao, Haotian Chen, Qi Zhang, Wenlong Zhang, Mingchun Gao, Junwei WangAbstract:AbstractDuck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3), the only member of the novel genus Avihepatovirus, in the family Picornaviridae, can cause significant economic losses for duck farms in China. Reports on the pathogenicity and the antiviral molecular mechanisms of the lethal DHAV-3 strain in ducklings are inadequate and remain poorly understood. We conducted global gene expression profiling and screened differentially expressed genes (DEG) of duckling liver tissues infected with lethal DHAV-3. There were 1643 DEG and 8979 DEG when compared with mock ducklings at 12 hours post-infection (hpi) and at 48 hpi, respectively. Gene pathway analysis of DEG highlighted mainly biological processes involved in metabolic pathways, host immune responses, and viral invasion. The results may provide valuable information for us to explore the pathogenicity of the virulent DHAV-3 strain and to improve our understanding of host–virus interactions.
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Comparative liver transcriptome analysis in ducklings infected with duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3) at 12 and 48 hours post-infection through RNA-seq
Veterinary research, 2018Co-Authors: Zhang Xuelian, Chong Cao, Yue Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Chunxue Hao, Qi Zhang, Wenlong Zhang, Chen Haotian, Mingchun GaoAbstract:Duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3), the only member of the novel genus Avihepatovirus, in the family Picornaviridae, can cause significant economic losses for duck farms in China. Reports on the pathogenicity and the antiviral molecular mechanisms of the lethal DHAV-3 strain in ducklings are inadequate and remain poorly understood. We conducted global gene expression profiling and screened differentially expressed genes (DEG) of duckling liver tissues infected with lethal DHAV-3. There were 1643 DEG and 8979 DEG when compared with mock ducklings at 12 hours post-infection (hpi) and at 48 hpi, respectively. Gene pathway analysis of DEG highlighted mainly biological processes involved in metabolic pathways, host immune responses, and viral invasion. The results may provide valuable information for us to explore the pathogenicity of the virulent DHAV-3 strain and to improve our understanding of host–virus interactions.
Akos Boros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome characterization of a novel chicken picornavirus distantly related to the members of genus Avihepatovirus with a single 2A protein and a megrivirus-like 3' UTR.
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Ádám Adonyi, Tung Gia Phan, Gabor ReuterAbstract:The members of the genus Avihepatovirus and related picornaviruses (“Aalivius”) of ducks, turkey and chickens possess identical 2A peptide composition including three functionally unrelated 2A peptides which is a characteristic genome feature of these monophyletic avian picornaviruses. The complete genome of a novel picornavirus provisionally named Orivirus A1 (KM203656) from a cloacal sample of a 4-week-old diarrheic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) distantly related to members of genus Avihepatovirus was characterized. The study strain contains a type-II-like IRES, a single 2A protein of unknown function unrelated to the 2A proteins of Avihepatoviruses and a long 3′ untranslated region (UTR) with multiple repeated sequence motifs followed by an AUG-rich region. The repeated sequences of the 3′ UTR show significant identity to the “Unit A” sequences of the phylogenetically distant megriviruses. The presence of a novel single 2A and the megrivirus-like “Unit A” motifs suggest multiple recombination events in the evolution of this novel picornavirus.
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genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkeys meleagris gallopavo distinct from turkey galliviruses and megriviruses and distantly related to the members of the genus Avihepatovirus
Journal of General Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Csaba Nemes, Gabor ReuterAbstract:This study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples of healthy (1/3) and affected (6/8) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome in Hungary. The virus was detected at seven of the eight farms examined. The turkey/M176-TuASV/2011/HUN genome (KC465954) was genetically different from the currently known picornaviruses of turkey origin (megriviruses and galliviruses), and showed distant phylogenetic relationship and common genomic features (e.g. uncleaved VP0 and three predicted and unrelated 2A polypeptides) to duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) of the genus Avihepatovirus. The complete genome analysis revealed multiple distinct genome features like the presence of two in-tandem aphthovirus 2A-like sequence repeats with DxExNPG/P ‘ribosome-skipping’ sites (76 %, 23/30 amino acids identical), with the first aphthovirus 2A-like sequence being located at the end of the VP1 capsid protein (VP1/2A1 ‘ribosome-skipping’ site). The phylogenetic analyses, low sequence identity (33, 32 and 36 % amino acid identity in P1, P2 and P3 regions) to DHAV, and the type II-like internal ribosome entry site suggests that this turkey picornavirus is related to, but distinct from the genus Avihepatovirus and it could be the founding member of a novel Avihepatovirus sister-clade genus. This is the third, taxonomically highly distinct picornavirus clade identified from turkeys exhibiting varied symptoms.
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identification and complete genome characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkey meleagris gallopavo
Journal of General Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Csaba Nemes, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Members of the family Picornaviridae are important pathogens of humans and animals, although compared with the thousands of known bird species (>10 000), only a few (n = 11) picornaviruses have been identified from avian sources. This study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples collected from eight turkey farms in Hungary. Using RT-PCR, both healthy (two of three) and affected (seven of eight) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome were shown to be shedding viruses in seven (88 %) of the eight farms. The viral genome sequence (turkey/M176/2011/HUN; GenBank accession no. JQ691613) shows a high degree of amino acid sequence identity (96 %) to the partial P3 genome region of a picornavirus reported recently in turkey and chickens from the USA and probably belongs to the same species. In the P1 and P2 regions, turkey/M176/2011/HUN is related most closely to, but distinct from, the kobuviruses and turdivirus 1. Complete genome analysis revealed the presence of characteristic picornaviral amino acid motifs, a potential type II-like 5' UTR internal ribosome entry site (first identified among avian-origin picornaviruses) and a conserved, 48 nt long 'barbell-like' structure found at the 3' UTR of turkey/M176/2011/HUN and members of the picornavirus genera Avihepatovirus and Kobuvirus. The general presence of turkey picornavirus - a novel picornavirus species - in faecal samples from healthy and affected turkeys in Hungary and in the USA suggests the worldwide occurrence and endemic circulation of this virus in turkey farms. Further studies are needed to investigate the aetiological role and pathogenic potential of this picornavirus in food animals.
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kobuvirus in domestic sheep hungary
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries) <3 weeks of age in a herd of 400 animals in central Hungary. At this farm, merino ewes from Hungary were mated with blackhead meat rams from Germany. At the time of sampling, no clinical signs of diarrhea were reported. Reverse transcription–PCR was performed by using generic kobuvirus screening primers (UNIV-kobu-R/F) reported previously (4). These primers were designed for Aichi virus (GenBank accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB040749","term_id":"15186718","term_text":"AB040749"}}AB040749), bovine ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AB084788","term_id":"24817742","term_text":"AB084788"}}AB084788), and porcine kobuvirus ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"EU787450","term_id":"219524015","term_text":"EU787450"}}EU787450) sequences and amplify a 216-nt region of 3D (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region). The continuous 3D and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the kobuvirus genome in sheep were determined by using the 5′/3′ RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) kit, 2nd generation (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and primers UNIV-kobu-F and S-1-F-7518/7540 (5′-CACTTCCATCATCAACACCATCA-3′ corresponding to nt 7518–7540 of bovine kobuvirus) (4). PCR products were sequenced directly in both directions by using the BigDye Reaction Kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) with the PCR primers and sequenced by an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Stafford, TX, USA). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using MEGA version 4.1 (www.megasoftware.net). The sequence for kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary was submitted to GenBank under accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693. Of the 8 sheep fecal samples, 5 (62.5%) were positive for kobuvirus. The partial 3D region (216 nt) was genetically identical for all 5 strains. The 3′ continuous nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D (688 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions of strain kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary (TB3-HUN; {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) was determined. TB3-HUN had 59%–66% (862) nt and 77%–84% aa identities to Aichi and porcine kobuviruses, respectively. Strain TB3-HUN had 89/97% nt/aa and 86% nt identities to bovine kobuvirus in the 3D/3′ UTR (862 nt) and 3′ UTR (174 nt) regions, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the overlapping partial 3D/3′ UTR nucleotide sequence of TB3-HUN from sheep and of reference bovine, porcine, and human kobuviruses confirmed that ovine kobuvirus strain TB3-HUN is related to bovine kobuviruses (Figure). Figure Phylogenetic analysis of kobuvirus in sheep (kobuvirus/sheep/TB3-HUN/2009/Hungary, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"GU245693","term_id":"342240198","term_text":"GU245693"}}GU245693) and kobuvirus lineages in humans, cattle, and swine, according ... The nucleotide sequence of the partial 3D/3′ UTR region of kobuvirus in sheep has high nucleotide identity to bovine kobuviruses and forms the same lineage (but a different sublineage) with the kobuvirus strains in cattle. This result raised the following questions: can a highly similar kobuvirus be present in (and pathogenic for) 2 animal species (cattle and sheep), or is this result a consequence of natural contamination? The concept of sheep as host is supported by the high prevalence of kobuvirus in young healthy sheep; by the sublineage position of the sheep strain on the phylogenetic tree according to the most conserved genetic region; and by the genetic relation between the 2 potential ruminant hosts, cattle and sheep. The existence of 1 pathogen in 2 host species (cattle and sheep) is well known, e.g., for bluetongue virus, adenoviruses, ovine herpesvirus type 2, and foot-and-mouth disease picornaviruses (10). Alternatively, the possibility of natural contamination cannot be excluded. The possibility of passive virus shedding in sheep exists because a cattle farm was located next to the tested sheep herd and would enable fecal–oral transmission of kobuvirus between these farm animals. Both possibilities (host and passive virus reservoir) are preliminary perceptions, regardless which is true. Further molecular and epidemiologic studies are required to determine the relevance, distribution, and diversity of kobuvirus or kobuviruses in sheep.
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Kobuvirus in domestic sheep, Hungary.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, László EgyedAbstract:To the Editor: Picornaviruses (family Picornaviridae) are small, nonenveloped viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA. They are divided into 12 genera: Enterovirus, Aphthovirus, Cardiovirus, Hepatovirus, Parechovirus, Erbovirus, Teschovirus, Sapelovirus, Senecavirus, Tremovirus, Avihepatovirus, and Kobuvirus. The genus Kobuvirus consists of 2 officially recognized species, Aichi virus (1) and Bovine kobuvirus (2), and 1 candidate species, porcine kobuvirus (3). The kobuvirus genome is ≈8.2–8.4 kb long and has the typical picornavirus genome organization of leader (L) protein following the structural (viral protein [VP] 0, VP3, and VP1) and nonstructural (2A–2C and 3A–3D) regions (2,4). The genetic identity on the coding region between Aichi (strain A846/88), bovine (U-1), and porcine (S-1-HUN) viruses is between 35% (L protein) and 74% (3D region) (2,4). Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus were first detected in fecal samples from humans and cattle in Japan, in 1991 and 2003, respectively (1,2). Porcine kobuvirus was identified from domestic pigs in Hungary in 2008 (3,4). Recent studies demonstrated that Aichi virus circulates in Asia (5), Europe (6,7) including Hungary (4), South America (6), and North Africa (8) and can cause gastroenteritis in humans. In addition, bovine and porcine kobuviruses are detected among these farm animals in Europe (4) and Asia (2,9). These data indicate that kobuviruses are widely distributed geographically and raise the possibility of additional animal host species. We detected kobuvirus in sheep. On March 17, 2009, a total of 8 fecal samples were collected from young, healthy, domestic sheep (Ovis aries)
Eric Delwart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A novel picornavirus in feces of a rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus moluccanus) shows a close relationship to members of the genus Avihepatovirus.
Archives of virology, 2019Co-Authors: Haoning Wang, Eric Delwart, Shixing Yang, Tongling Shan, Xiaolong Wang, Xutao Deng, Wen ZhangAbstract:A novel picornavirus, named “lorikeet picornavirus 1” (LoPV-1), was detected in a fecal sample from rainbow lorikeets using viral metagenomic analysis, and its complete genome sequence was determined and analyzed. The genome of LoPV-1 is 7862 nt long, including a 617-nt 5’ UTR, a type IV IRES 5’UTR with an ‘8-like’ motif, a 7032-nt polyprotein ORF, and a 213-nt 3’ UTR. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise asequence comparisons based on the amino acid sequences of P1, P2, and P3 indicated that LoPV-1 showed the closest relationship to two picornaviruses that were isolated recently from red-crowned cranes and clustered together with members of the genus Avihepatovirus.
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Genome characterization of a novel chicken picornavirus distantly related to the members of genus Avihepatovirus with a single 2A protein and a megrivirus-like 3' UTR.
Infection genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Ádám Adonyi, Tung Gia Phan, Gabor ReuterAbstract:The members of the genus Avihepatovirus and related picornaviruses (“Aalivius”) of ducks, turkey and chickens possess identical 2A peptide composition including three functionally unrelated 2A peptides which is a characteristic genome feature of these monophyletic avian picornaviruses. The complete genome of a novel picornavirus provisionally named Orivirus A1 (KM203656) from a cloacal sample of a 4-week-old diarrheic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) distantly related to members of genus Avihepatovirus was characterized. The study strain contains a type-II-like IRES, a single 2A protein of unknown function unrelated to the 2A proteins of Avihepatoviruses and a long 3′ untranslated region (UTR) with multiple repeated sequence motifs followed by an AUG-rich region. The repeated sequences of the 3′ UTR show significant identity to the “Unit A” sequences of the phylogenetically distant megriviruses. The presence of a novel single 2A and the megrivirus-like “Unit A” motifs suggest multiple recombination events in the evolution of this novel picornavirus.
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genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkeys meleagris gallopavo distinct from turkey galliviruses and megriviruses and distantly related to the members of the genus Avihepatovirus
Journal of General Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Csaba Nemes, Gabor ReuterAbstract:This study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples of healthy (1/3) and affected (6/8) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome in Hungary. The virus was detected at seven of the eight farms examined. The turkey/M176-TuASV/2011/HUN genome (KC465954) was genetically different from the currently known picornaviruses of turkey origin (megriviruses and galliviruses), and showed distant phylogenetic relationship and common genomic features (e.g. uncleaved VP0 and three predicted and unrelated 2A polypeptides) to duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) of the genus Avihepatovirus. The complete genome analysis revealed multiple distinct genome features like the presence of two in-tandem aphthovirus 2A-like sequence repeats with DxExNPG/P ‘ribosome-skipping’ sites (76 %, 23/30 amino acids identical), with the first aphthovirus 2A-like sequence being located at the end of the VP1 capsid protein (VP1/2A1 ‘ribosome-skipping’ site). The phylogenetic analyses, low sequence identity (33, 32 and 36 % amino acid identity in P1, P2 and P3 regions) to DHAV, and the type II-like internal ribosome entry site suggests that this turkey picornavirus is related to, but distinct from the genus Avihepatovirus and it could be the founding member of a novel Avihepatovirus sister-clade genus. This is the third, taxonomically highly distinct picornavirus clade identified from turkeys exhibiting varied symptoms.
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identification and complete genome characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkey meleagris gallopavo
Journal of General Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Akos Boros, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Peter Pankovics, Eric Delwart, Csaba Nemes, Gabor ReuterAbstract:Members of the family Picornaviridae are important pathogens of humans and animals, although compared with the thousands of known bird species (>10 000), only a few (n = 11) picornaviruses have been identified from avian sources. This study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples collected from eight turkey farms in Hungary. Using RT-PCR, both healthy (two of three) and affected (seven of eight) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome were shown to be shedding viruses in seven (88 %) of the eight farms. The viral genome sequence (turkey/M176/2011/HUN; GenBank accession no. JQ691613) shows a high degree of amino acid sequence identity (96 %) to the partial P3 genome region of a picornavirus reported recently in turkey and chickens from the USA and probably belongs to the same species. In the P1 and P2 regions, turkey/M176/2011/HUN is related most closely to, but distinct from, the kobuviruses and turdivirus 1. Complete genome analysis revealed the presence of characteristic picornaviral amino acid motifs, a potential type II-like 5' UTR internal ribosome entry site (first identified among avian-origin picornaviruses) and a conserved, 48 nt long 'barbell-like' structure found at the 3' UTR of turkey/M176/2011/HUN and members of the picornavirus genera Avihepatovirus and Kobuvirus. The general presence of turkey picornavirus - a novel picornavirus species - in faecal samples from healthy and affected turkeys in Hungary and in the USA suggests the worldwide occurrence and endemic circulation of this virus in turkey farms. Further studies are needed to investigate the aetiological role and pathogenic potential of this picornavirus in food animals.
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Comparative liver transcriptome analysis in ducklings infected with duck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3) at 12 and 48 hours post-infection through RNA-seq
Veterinary Research, 2018Co-Authors: Xuelian Zhang, Chong Cao, Yue Liu, Wenjing Zhang, Chunxue Hao, Haotian Chen, Qi Zhang, Wenlong Zhang, Mingchun Gao, Junwei WangAbstract:AbstractDuck hepatitis A virus 3 (DHAV-3), the only member of the novel genus Avihepatovirus, in the family Picornaviridae, can cause significant economic losses for duck farms in China. Reports on the pathogenicity and the antiviral molecular mechanisms of the lethal DHAV-3 strain in ducklings are inadequate and remain poorly understood. We conducted global gene expression profiling and screened differentially expressed genes (DEG) of duckling liver tissues infected with lethal DHAV-3. There were 1643 DEG and 8979 DEG when compared with mock ducklings at 12 hours post-infection (hpi) and at 48 hpi, respectively. Gene pathway analysis of DEG highlighted mainly biological processes involved in metabolic pathways, host immune responses, and viral invasion. The results may provide valuable information for us to explore the pathogenicity of the virulent DHAV-3 strain and to improve our understanding of host–virus interactions.
