The Experts below are selected from a list of 198 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Frank Neuner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early Processing of Threat Cues in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder—Evidence for a Cortical Vigilance-Avoidance Reaction
Biological psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Hannah Adenauer, Steivan Pinösch, Claudia Catani, Hannah Gola, Julian Keil, Johanna Kißler, Frank NeunerAbstract:Background: The present study investigated the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on early visual processing of affective stimuli in survivors of war and torture. Methods: Trauma-exposed refugees with (n = 36) and without (n = 21) PTSD as well as unexposed control subjects (n = 16) participated in a magnetoencephalography study with pictures that varied in emotional content. Results: We found evidence for a biphasic cortical response in patients with PTSD in comparison with the two control groups. In response to aversive (relative to neutral or positive) pictures, PTSD patients showed elevated cortical activity over right prefrontal areas as early as 130-160 msec after stimulus onset followed by a decrease of the affect-related response in the parieto-occipital cortex at 206-256 msec. Conclusions: The increased early activity in the right prefrontal cortex most likely represents an enhanced alarm response or the fear network toward aversive stimuli in PTSD, whereas the subsequent decreased activation in right parieto-occipital areas in response to aversive pictures seems to reflect the tendency to disengage from emotional content. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of a vigilance-Avoidance Reaction pattern to threat in anxiety disorders and helps to reconcile contradicting results of over- and under-responsiveness in the sensory processing of threatening stimuli in PTSD.
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early processing of threat cues in posttraumatic stress disorder evidence for a cortical vigilance Avoidance Reaction
Biological Psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Hannah Adenauer, Steivan Pinösch, Claudia Catani, Hannah Gola, Julian Keil, Johanna Kisler, Frank NeunerAbstract:Background: The present study investigated the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on early visual processing of affective stimuli in survivors of war and torture. Methods: Trauma-exposed refugees with (n = 36) and without (n = 21) PTSD as well as unexposed control subjects (n = 16) participated in a magnetoencephalography study with pictures that varied in emotional content. Results: We found evidence for a biphasic cortical response in patients with PTSD in comparison with the two control groups. In response to aversive (relative to neutral or positive) pictures, PTSD patients showed elevated cortical activity over right prefrontal areas as early as 130-160 msec after stimulus onset followed by a decrease of the affect-related response in the parieto-occipital cortex at 206-256 msec. Conclusions: The increased early activity in the right prefrontal cortex most likely represents an enhanced alarm response or the fear network toward aversive stimuli in PTSD, whereas the subsequent decreased activation in right parieto-occipital areas in response to aversive pictures seems to reflect the tendency to disengage from emotional content. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of a vigilance-Avoidance Reaction pattern to threat in anxiety disorders and helps to reconcile contradicting results of over- and under-responsiveness in the sensory processing of threatening stimuli in PTSD.
Sumiko Yoshida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impaired cliff Avoidance Reaction in dopamine transporter knockout mice
Psychopharmacology, 2013Co-Authors: Motoyasu Yamashita, Yasufumi Sakakibara, F. Scott Hall, Yohtaro Numachi, Sumiko Yoshida, Hideaki Kobayashi, Osamu Uchiumi, George R. Uhl, Yoshiyuki Kasahara, Ichiro SoraAbstract:Rationale Impulsivity is a key feature of disorders that include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The cliff Avoidance Reaction (CAR) assesses maladaptive impulsive rodent behavior. Dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) mice display features of ADHD and are candidates in which to test other impulsive phenotypes.
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The absence of impairment of cliff Avoidance Reaction induced by subchronic methamphetamine treatment in inbred strains of mice.
The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Sumiko Yoshida, Yohtaro Numachi, Hiroo Matsuoka, Mitsumoto SatoAbstract:Cliff Avoidance Reaction (CAR), an index of behavioral teratology in rodents, can be impaired by motor, arousal, or cognitive dysfunction. We formerly reported subchronic administration of methamphetamine (MAP) induced the CAR impairment, which might reflect MAP-induced cognitive dysfunction, in three strains of rats. In this study, the effects of subchronic MAP treatment on the behavioral sensitization in stereotypy (stereotypy sensitization) and CAR were examined in two inbred strains of male mice; C57BL/6J(C57) and DBA/2J(DBA). The animals received 4 mg/kg/day MAP intraperitoneally for 28 days. There were apparent strain differences in the development of stereotypy sensitization induced by chronic MAP; DBA mice developed stereotypy sensitization quickly, but C57 did not. Unlike rats, neither strains of mice showed the CAR impairment. These results suggest that chronic MAP (4 mg/kg) administration did not introduce any cognitive dysfunction measured by CAR in the two inbred mice, DBA and C57. The discrepancy between rats and mice is still unclear. It might relate to the species-selective effect of MAP on the CAR impairment. Further studies should to be required.
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Impairment of cliff Avoidance Reaction induced by subchronic methamphetamine administration and restraint stress : Comparison between two inbred strains of rats
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1998Co-Authors: Sumiko Yoshida, Yohtaro Numachi, Hiroo Matsuoka, Mitsumoto SatoAbstract:Abstract 1. 1. The effects of subchronic methamphetamine (MAP) treatment and restraint stress on the behavioral sensitization in stereotypy (stereotypy sensitization) and cliff Avoidance Reaction (CAR) were examined in two inbred strains of male rats; Fischer 344/N (F344), and Lewis/N (LEW). 2. 2. In experiment 1, the animals received 4 mg/kg/day MAP for 30 days. LEW rats developed stereotypy sensitization earlier than F344 rats. However, both strains plateaued at the same stereotypy rating score. Furthermore, F344 rats were susceptible to CAR impairment as a result of MAP treatment, whereas LEW rats were not. 3. 3. In experiment 2, the animals were exposed to daily restraint stress of 2hr for 4 weeks. MAP was administered (4mg/kg) 7 days after the last treatment day. Repeated restraint stress induced almost the same degree of stereotypy sensitization in both strains. F344 rats were susceptible to CAR impairment induced by repeated stress, whereas LEW rats were not. 4. 4. The effects of psychostimulant and Stressors appear to be similar not only with respect to stereotypy sensitization but also CAR impairment. Differences in MAP- or stress-induced CAR impairment between the two inbred strains may be genetically linked and may be involved in the development of psychotic behavior.
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Reverse-tolerance phenomenon in methamphetamine-induced behavioral stereotypy and impairment of cliff Avoidance Reaction after subchronic methamphetamine administration in rats
Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology, 1995Co-Authors: Sumiko Yoshida, Y Numachi, H Matsuoka, Y Fuse, M SatoAbstract:Clinical evidence of methamphetamine (MAP)-induced reverse-tolerance phenomenon is available in studies of methamphetamine psychosis. To examine the clinical relevance of the reverse-tolerance phenomenon as a model of this psychosis, two experiments were conducted using rats. In the first experiment, we examined the relationship of MAP (4 mg/kg/day)-induced reverse tolerance in behavioral stereotypy to impairment of the cliff Avoidance Reaction (CAR). The stereotypy scores by the method of Creese and Iversen reached a maximum at day 14, and were unchanged thereafter. Impairment of CAR appeared in 3 of 6 rats at day 21 or 28 without motor ataxia, as rated by the scoring system of Hiramatsu et al. This suggested that cognitive dysfunction reflected by CAR impairment may develop after MAP-induced reverse-tolerance phenomenon, as evaluated by the behavioral stereotyping rating scale. In the second experiment, the effect of PCP (1 mg/kg) on CAR was examined in rats pretreated with MAP (4 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. No behavioral stereotypy or CAR impairment was found in these rats for 1 hour after PCP challenge. This showed that MAP-induced reverse-tolerance did not alter sensitivity to PCP in producing behavioral stereotypy or CAR impairment.
Mitsumoto Sato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The absence of impairment of cliff Avoidance Reaction induced by subchronic methamphetamine treatment in inbred strains of mice.
The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Sumiko Yoshida, Yohtaro Numachi, Hiroo Matsuoka, Mitsumoto SatoAbstract:Cliff Avoidance Reaction (CAR), an index of behavioral teratology in rodents, can be impaired by motor, arousal, or cognitive dysfunction. We formerly reported subchronic administration of methamphetamine (MAP) induced the CAR impairment, which might reflect MAP-induced cognitive dysfunction, in three strains of rats. In this study, the effects of subchronic MAP treatment on the behavioral sensitization in stereotypy (stereotypy sensitization) and CAR were examined in two inbred strains of male mice; C57BL/6J(C57) and DBA/2J(DBA). The animals received 4 mg/kg/day MAP intraperitoneally for 28 days. There were apparent strain differences in the development of stereotypy sensitization induced by chronic MAP; DBA mice developed stereotypy sensitization quickly, but C57 did not. Unlike rats, neither strains of mice showed the CAR impairment. These results suggest that chronic MAP (4 mg/kg) administration did not introduce any cognitive dysfunction measured by CAR in the two inbred mice, DBA and C57. The discrepancy between rats and mice is still unclear. It might relate to the species-selective effect of MAP on the CAR impairment. Further studies should to be required.
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Impairment of cliff Avoidance Reaction induced by subchronic methamphetamine administration and restraint stress : Comparison between two inbred strains of rats
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1998Co-Authors: Sumiko Yoshida, Yohtaro Numachi, Hiroo Matsuoka, Mitsumoto SatoAbstract:Abstract 1. 1. The effects of subchronic methamphetamine (MAP) treatment and restraint stress on the behavioral sensitization in stereotypy (stereotypy sensitization) and cliff Avoidance Reaction (CAR) were examined in two inbred strains of male rats; Fischer 344/N (F344), and Lewis/N (LEW). 2. 2. In experiment 1, the animals received 4 mg/kg/day MAP for 30 days. LEW rats developed stereotypy sensitization earlier than F344 rats. However, both strains plateaued at the same stereotypy rating score. Furthermore, F344 rats were susceptible to CAR impairment as a result of MAP treatment, whereas LEW rats were not. 3. 3. In experiment 2, the animals were exposed to daily restraint stress of 2hr for 4 weeks. MAP was administered (4mg/kg) 7 days after the last treatment day. Repeated restraint stress induced almost the same degree of stereotypy sensitization in both strains. F344 rats were susceptible to CAR impairment induced by repeated stress, whereas LEW rats were not. 4. 4. The effects of psychostimulant and Stressors appear to be similar not only with respect to stereotypy sensitization but also CAR impairment. Differences in MAP- or stress-induced CAR impairment between the two inbred strains may be genetically linked and may be involved in the development of psychotic behavior.
Hannah Adenauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early Processing of Threat Cues in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder—Evidence for a Cortical Vigilance-Avoidance Reaction
Biological psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Hannah Adenauer, Steivan Pinösch, Claudia Catani, Hannah Gola, Julian Keil, Johanna Kißler, Frank NeunerAbstract:Background: The present study investigated the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on early visual processing of affective stimuli in survivors of war and torture. Methods: Trauma-exposed refugees with (n = 36) and without (n = 21) PTSD as well as unexposed control subjects (n = 16) participated in a magnetoencephalography study with pictures that varied in emotional content. Results: We found evidence for a biphasic cortical response in patients with PTSD in comparison with the two control groups. In response to aversive (relative to neutral or positive) pictures, PTSD patients showed elevated cortical activity over right prefrontal areas as early as 130-160 msec after stimulus onset followed by a decrease of the affect-related response in the parieto-occipital cortex at 206-256 msec. Conclusions: The increased early activity in the right prefrontal cortex most likely represents an enhanced alarm response or the fear network toward aversive stimuli in PTSD, whereas the subsequent decreased activation in right parieto-occipital areas in response to aversive pictures seems to reflect the tendency to disengage from emotional content. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of a vigilance-Avoidance Reaction pattern to threat in anxiety disorders and helps to reconcile contradicting results of over- and under-responsiveness in the sensory processing of threatening stimuli in PTSD.
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early processing of threat cues in posttraumatic stress disorder evidence for a cortical vigilance Avoidance Reaction
Biological Psychiatry, 2010Co-Authors: Hannah Adenauer, Steivan Pinösch, Claudia Catani, Hannah Gola, Julian Keil, Johanna Kisler, Frank NeunerAbstract:Background: The present study investigated the influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on early visual processing of affective stimuli in survivors of war and torture. Methods: Trauma-exposed refugees with (n = 36) and without (n = 21) PTSD as well as unexposed control subjects (n = 16) participated in a magnetoencephalography study with pictures that varied in emotional content. Results: We found evidence for a biphasic cortical response in patients with PTSD in comparison with the two control groups. In response to aversive (relative to neutral or positive) pictures, PTSD patients showed elevated cortical activity over right prefrontal areas as early as 130-160 msec after stimulus onset followed by a decrease of the affect-related response in the parieto-occipital cortex at 206-256 msec. Conclusions: The increased early activity in the right prefrontal cortex most likely represents an enhanced alarm response or the fear network toward aversive stimuli in PTSD, whereas the subsequent decreased activation in right parieto-occipital areas in response to aversive pictures seems to reflect the tendency to disengage from emotional content. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of a vigilance-Avoidance Reaction pattern to threat in anxiety disorders and helps to reconcile contradicting results of over- and under-responsiveness in the sensory processing of threatening stimuli in PTSD.
Helge Balk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of high frequency imaging sonar didson to observe fish behaviour towards a surface trawl
Fisheries Research, 2012Co-Authors: Georg Rakowitz, Michal Tuser, Helge Balk, Milan Dvořák, Jan KubečkaAbstract:Abstract Observing and quantifying fish behaviour towards active sampling gears like trawls is challenging. A high-frequency imaging sonar (DIDSON) was applied to directly observe and record fish Avoidance behaviour in front of the mouth of an active pelagic surface trawl in the meso- to eutrophic Czech reservoir Želivka in August 2009. In this multi-species environment the fish displayed a variety of behavioural patterns. We classified 11 different categories of Avoidance ( n = 1051) based on fish Reaction and swimming behaviour towards the active trawl using Sonar5-Pro software. Classification of these categories was based on eight continuous variables: (1) total fish length, (2) distance to the trawl, (3) tortuosity, (4) mean speed of total track, (5) mean speed of first Avoidance track, (6) mean speed of total Avoidance track, (7) angle between initial and first Avoidance track and (8) angle between initial and total Avoidance track. The acoustic analysis showed that 76% of the fish in trawling area was captured and 24% swam out of it. A higher proportion of the fish showed an Avoidance Reaction during the day (44%) than during the night (6%), indicating that ambient light conditions trigger this behaviour during the day. A two-step cluster analysis of the tracks revealed three distinct clusters that corresponded to the most abundant fish species in the reservoir: ‘bleak-cluster’, ‘bream-cluster’ and ‘silver carp-cluster’.
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testing in situ Avoidance Reaction of vendace coregonus albula in relation to continuous artificial light from stationary vertical split beam echosounding
Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: M. B. Schmidt, Helge Balk, H. GassnerAbstract:The in situ Avoidance Reaction of vendace, Coregonus albula L., in relation to continuous artificial light in terms of a scaring device was tested by split-beam echosounding. The tests were carried out in the mesotrophic Bigge Reservoir (Germany) in November 2007 and 2008 using a Simrad EK 60 echosounder (120 kHz). An underwater lamp with light turned on and off was lowered to 30 m water depth at four sampling sites. No Reaction of vendace was observed for the sampled references (light off), but strong Avoidance behaviour by swimming mainly downwards was observed when the light was turned on. The light Avoidance Reaction was confirmed by the volume backscattering strength (Sv) and calculated fish densities (fish ha )1 ). The mean fish densities for the samples carried out with light turned on were lower (268 fish ha )1 , ±409 SD, n = 32) than for the references with light turned off (5028 fish ha )1 , ±2317 SD, n = 56). The related median values (33 and 3726 fish ha )1 , respec- tively, n = 88) differed significantly (Mann-Whitney test, P = <0.001). In conclusion, artificial light has great potential to scare pelagic vendace from areas near the bottom outlets of reservoirs to prevent entrainment losses.
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Testing in situ Avoidance Reaction of vendace, Coregonus albula, in relation to continuous artificial light from stationary vertical split-beam echosounding
Fisheries Management and Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: M. B. Schmidt, Helge Balk, H. GassnerAbstract:The in situ Avoidance Reaction of vendace, Coregonus albula L., in relation to continuous artificial light in terms of a scaring device was tested by split-beam echosounding. The tests were carried out in the mesotrophic Bigge Reservoir (Germany) in November 2007 and 2008 using a Simrad EK 60 echosounder (120 kHz). An underwater lamp with light turned on and off was lowered to 30 m water depth at four sampling sites. No Reaction of vendace was observed for the sampled references (light off), but strong Avoidance behaviour by swimming mainly downwards was observed when the light was turned on. The light Avoidance Reaction was confirmed by the volume backscattering strength (Sv) and calculated fish densities (fish ha )1 ). The mean fish densities for the samples carried out with light turned on were lower (268 fish ha )1 , ±409 SD, n = 32) than for the references with light turned off (5028 fish ha )1 , ±2317 SD, n = 56). The related median values (33 and 3726 fish ha )1 , respec- tively, n = 88) differed significantly (Mann-Whitney test, P =
