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Ferrante Marco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using camera trapping to assess grape consumption by vertebrate pests in a world heritage vineyard region
Journal of Pest Science, 2021Co-Authors: Lucas Lamelaslopez, Ferrante MarcoAbstract:Vertebrate pests cause significant economic loss in several agricultural crops worldwide; therefore, their populations are often controlled through culling. Correctly identifying the main species responsible for the damage is essential to avoid persecuting the wrong targets, yet it is challenging. During 2016 and 2017, we tested the usefulness of camera-trapping (CT) in Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal to identify vertebrate pests. Vineyard owners in this region cull the Azores woodpigeon (Columba palumbus azorica), the common pigeon (Columba livia), the house sparrow (Passer domesticus), the Azores blackbird (Turdus merula azorensis), and the Madeira wall lizard (Teira dugesii) to reduce damage to grapes. Using CT photos and videos, we identified nine species damaging the grape, but four of those were only observed occasionally (< 10 consumption events over 2 years). The Madeira lizard (371.09 and 232.47 consumption events100-CT-days in 2016 and 2017, respectively), the house sparrow (284.01 and 21.73 consumption events100-CT-days in 2016 and 2017, respectively), and the Azores blackbird (17.35 and 8.23 consumption events100-CT-days in 2016 and 2017, respectively) had the most frequent consumption events. All three species were most active in the morning (8:00–9:00) and in the afternoon (16:00–17:00 for the Madeira lizard and the house sparrow, and 18:00–19:00 for the Azores blackbird). We demonstrated the advantage of using CT in cultivated habitats to provide valuable information about the identity, behaviour, daily-activity patterns, and relative consumption rates of vineyard pests. We also provided evidence that the endemic Azores woodpigeon and the common pigeon should not be targeted by the farmers in Terceira.
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Using camera-trapping to assess grape consumption by vertebrate pests in a World Heritage vineyard region
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: Lucas Lamelas-lópez, Ferrante MarcoAbstract:Vertebrate pests cause significant economic loss in several agricultural crops worldwide; therefore, their populations are often controlled through culling. Correctly identifying the main species responsible for the damage is essential to avoid persecuting the wrong targets, yet it is challenging. During 2016 and 2017, we tested the usefulness of camera-trapping (CT) in Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal to identify vertebrate pests. Vineyard owners in this region cull the Azores woodpigeon ( Columba palumbus azorica ), the common pigeon ( Columba livia ), the house sparrow (Passer domesticus ), the Azores blackbird ( Turdus merula azorensis ), and the Madeira wall lizard ( Teira dugesii ) to reduce damage to grapes. Using CT photos and videos, we identified nine species damaging the grape, but four of those were only observed occasionally (
Borges, Paulo A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Standardised arthropod (Arthropoda) inventory across natural and anthropogenic impacted habitats in the Azores archipelago
'Pensoft Publishers', 2021Co-Authors: Marcelino José, Borges, Paulo A., Borges Isabel, Pereira Enésima, Santos Vasco, Soares, António O.Abstract:BACKGROUND In this paper, we present an extensive checklist of selected arthropods and their distribution in five Islands of the Azores (Santa Maria. São Miguel, Terceira, Flores and Pico). Habitat surveys included five herbaceous and four arboreal habitat types, scaling up from native to anthropogenic managed habitats. We aimed to contribute to the ongoing effort to document the terrestrial biodiversity of the world, in particular the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores, as islands harbour a significant portion of unique terrestrial biodiversity. Selection of Arthropoda groups for the current checklist was based on their known richness and abundance (Arachnida, Collembola, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera), in almost all terrestrial ecosystems, as well as their importance in current Integrated Pest Management and alternative Biocontrol protocols at large (i.e. hymenopteran parasitoids and beneficial Coleoptera). In addition, we include the list of Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Psocoptera and Thysanoptera species. These assembled groups represent part of the monitoring programme EDEN Azores (2008-2014), where all Arthropod fauna, at all strata, within nine representative habitats of the abovementioned five Islands of the Azores was recorded. NEW INFORMATION In this study, a total of 116,523 specimens, belonging to 483 species and subspecies of selected groups of arthropods, are reported by order, family and, when possible, genus and species. Hymenopteran, mostly parasitoids, accounted for the most represented taxa across all the monitoring and sampling phase of EDEN Azores (193 species and mophospecies), followed by Coleoptera (95 species); Collembola (89 species); and Araneae (72 species). A total of 37 non-native species are reported for the first time in the Azores. Coleoptera: Asaphidion flavipes (Linnaeus, 1761) (Carabidae); Tachyporus dispar (Paykull, 1789) (Staphylinidae). Hemiptera: Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, 1861 (Pentatomidae). Collembola: Entomobrya regularis Stach, 1963 (Entomobryidae); Lepidocyrtus lusitanicus piezoensis (Simón-Benito, 2007) (Entomobryidae); Jordanathrix articulata (Ellis, 1974) (Sminthuridae); Sminthurinus quadrimaculatus (Ryder, 1879) (Katiannidae); Himalanura sp. (Entomobryidae); Protophorura sp. (Onychiuridae). Hymenoptera, parasitoids: Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912 (Braconidae); Aphidius ervi Haliday, 1834 (Braconidae); Aphidius matricariae Viereck, 1912 (Braconidae); Aphidius rhopalosiphi Stefani-Perez, 1902 (Braconidae); Aphidius rosae (Haliday, 1834) (Braconidae); Aphidius urticae Haliday, 1834 (Braconidae); Centistidea ectoedemiae Rohwer, 1914 (Braconidae); Meteorus unicolor (Wesmael, 1835) (Braconidae); Meteorus collaris (Spin.) Hal. – Ruschka, Fulmek, 1915 (Braconidae); Orthostigma cratospilum (Thomson, 1895) (Braconidae); Orthostigma latriventris Ratzeburg, 1844 (Braconidae); two other species of Orthostigma sp.; Pseudopezomachus bituberculatus (Marshall, 1905) (Braconidae); Tanycarpa punctata (van Achterberg, 1976) (Braconidae); Gonatopus clavipes (Thunberg, 1827) (Dryinidae). New genera not previously recorded for the Azores include: Pycnetron sp. (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae); four species of Aspilota sp. (Braconidae: Alysiinae); four species of Chorebus sp. (Braconidae: Aphidiinae: Alysiinae); Microgaster sp. (Braconidae: Microgastrinae); Homolobus sp. (Braconidae: Homolobinae); Lodbrokia sp. (Braconidae: Alysiinae). These 37 taxa were found in several Islands and five are new species for Flores Island, 10 species are new for Pico Island, 12 species are new for Terceira Island, 19 species are new for S. Miguel Island and five species are new for S. Maria Island. Additional species records for the Islands included: Flores (5 Collembola, 9 Araneae; 2 Hemiptera; 8 Coleoptera, 8 Hymenoptera), Pico (4 Collembola; 7 Araneae; 4 Hemiptera; 11 Coleoptera; 9 Hymenoptera), Terceira (4 Collembola; 1 Araneae; 3 Hymenoptera), S. Miguel (1 Araneae; 2 Coleoptera; 3 Hymenoptera), S. Maria (5 Collembola; 3 Araneae; 2 Hemiptera; 2 Hymenoptera).This study was financed by FLAD – Fundação Luso-Americana para o Desenvolvimento and by the Direção Regional Ciência, Tecnologia e Comunicações (DRCTC) & PROEMPREGO, of the Azores. This study was also financed by FEDER in 85% and by Azorean Public funds by 15% through the Operational Programme Azores 2020, under the following projects AzoresBIOPORTAL –PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072) and under the project ECO²-TUTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000081).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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The Role of Small Lowland Patches of Exotic Forests as Refuges of Rare Endemic Azorean Arthropods
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: Tsafack Noelline, Fattorini Simone, Boieiro Mário, Rigal François, Ros-prieto Alejandra, Ferreira, Maria Teresa, Borges, Paulo A.Abstract:Islands have been disproportionately affected by the current biodiversity crisis. In island biotas, one of the most recurrent anthropic alterations is species introduction. Invasion of exotic species may represent a major threat for island biotas, because invasive species may change species composition and simplify community dynamics. We investigated diversity patterns of native and introduced species in native and exotic forests of Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal) by using diversity profiles based on Hill numbers. Use of diversity profiles allows for a complete characterization of the community diversity because they combine information on species richness, rarity, and dominance. We found that native forest remnants are crucial for the maintenance of endemic Azorean arthropod diversity. However, we also found that some lowland patches of exotic forests can sustain populations of rare endemic species. Our findings reinforce the importance of the few and small remnants of native forests, which are a pillar to the conservation of Azorean endemic arthropods. However, areas occupied by exotic forests, whether they are large and contiguous or small and isolated, close to native forests, or embedded in a matrix of agriculture activities, can also play a role in the conservation of native species, including endemics.Field work for 2020 and N.T. were funded by Secretaria Regional do Ambiente e Alterações Climáticas—LIFE-BETTLES (LIFE18 NAT_PT_000864) (2020). This manuscript was also partly financed by Portuguese FCT-NETBIOME–ISLANDBIODIV grant 0003/2011 (between 2012 and 2015), Portuguese National Funds, through FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013–2020, the project from Direcção Regional do Ambiente—LIFE IP Azores NATURA (LIFE17 IPE/PT/000010) (2019), AzoresBIOPORTAL–PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145- FEDER-000072) (2019). The Natural Park of Terceira (Azores) provided the necessary authorization for sampling.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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SLAM Project : Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores: I - the spiders from native forests of Terceira and Pico Islands (2012-2019)
'Pensoft Publishers', 2021Co-Authors: Costa Ricardo, Borges, Paulo A.Abstract:BACKGROUND: Long-term monitoring of invertebrate communities is needed to understand the impact of key biodiversity erosion drivers (e.g. habitat fragmentation and degradation, invasive species, pollution, climatic changes) on the biodiversity of these high diverse organisms. The data we present are part of the long-term project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) that started in 2012, aiming to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers on Azorean native forests (Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal). In this contribution, the design of the project, its objectives and the first available data for the spider fauna of two Islands (Pico and Terceira) are described. Passive flight interception SLAM traps (Sea, Land and Air Malaise traps) were used to sample native forest plots in several Azorean islands, with one trap being set up at each plot and samples taken every three months following the seasons. The key objectives of the SLAM project are: 1) collect long-term ecological data to evaluate species distributions and abundance at multiple spatial and temporal scales, responding to the Wallacean and Prestonian shortfalls, 2) identify biodiversity erosion drivers impacting oceanic indigenous assemblages under global change for conservation management purpose, 3) use species distribution and abundance data in model-based studies of environmental change in different islands, 4) contribute to clarifying the potential occurrence of an "insect decline" in Azores and identifying the spatial and temporal invasion patterns of exotic arthropod species, 5) contribute with temporal data to re-assess the Red-list status of Azorean endemic arthropods and 6) perform studies about the relationship between diversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) and ecosystem function. NEW INFORMATION: The project SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) is described in detail. Seasonal distribution and abundance data of Azorean spiders, based on a long-term study undertaken between 2012 and 2019 in two Azorean Islands (Terceira and Pico), is presented. A total of 14979 specimens were collected, of which 6430 (43%) were adults. Despite the uncertainty of juvenile identification, juveniles are also included in the data presented in this paper, since the low diversity allows a relatively precise identification of this life-stage in Azores. A total of 57 species, belonging to 50 genera and 17 families, were recorded from the area, which constitutes baseline information of spiders from the studied sites for future long-term comparisons. Linyphiidae were the richest and most abundant family, with 19 (33%) species and 5973 (40%) specimens. The ten most abundant species are composed mostly of endemic or native non-endemic species and only one exotic species (Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852)). Those ten most abundant species include 84% of all sampled specimens and are clearly the dominant species in the Azorean native forests. Textrix caudata L. Koch, 1872 was firstly reported from Terceira and Pico Islands, Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757 was firstly reported from Terceira Island, Neriene clathrata (Sundevall, 1830) and Macaroeris diligens (Blackwall, 1867) were firstly reported from Pico Island. This publication contributes not only to a better knowledge of the arachnofauna present in native forests of Terceira and Pico, but also to understand the patterns of abundance and diversity of spider species, both seasonally and between years.This manuscript was also partly financed by Portuguese FCT-NETBIOME –ISLANDBIODIV grant 0003/2011 (between 2012 and 2015), Portuguese National Funds, through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013-2020, the project from Direcção Regional do Ambiente - PRIBES (LIFE17 IPE/PT/000010) (2019), Direcção Regional do Ambiente – LIFE-BETTLES (LIFE18 NAT_PT_000864) (2020) and AzoresBIOPORTAL –PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072) (2019). The Natural Park of Terceira and Pico (Azores) provided the necessary authorisation for sampling.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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A Small-Scale Analysis of Elevational Species Richness and Beta Diversity Patterns of Arthropods on an Oceanic Island (Terceira, Azores)
'MDPI AG', 2021Co-Authors: De Vries, Jan Peter Reinier, Van Loon E. Emiel, Borges, Paulo A.Abstract:We present an analysis of arthropod diversity patterns in native forest communities along the small elevation gradient (0–1021 m a.s.l.) of Terceira island, Azores (Portugal). We analysed (1) how the alpha diversity of Azorean arthropods responds to increasing elevation and (2) differs between endemic, native non-endemic and introduced (alien) species, and (3) the contributions of species replacement and richness difference to beta diversity. Arthropods were sampled using SLAM traps between 2014 and 2018. We analysed species richness indicators, the Hill series and beta diversity partitioning (species replacement and species richness differences). Selected orders (Araneae, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Psocoptera) and endemic, native non-endemic and introduced species were analysed separately. Total species richness shows a monotonic decrease with elevation for all species and Coleoptera and Psocoptera, but peaks at mid-high elevation for Araneae and endemic species. Introduced species richness decreases strongly with elevation especially. These patterns are most likely driven by climatic factors but also influenced by human disturbance. Beta diversity is, for most groups, the main component of total (gamma) diversity along the gradient but shows no relation with elevation. It results from a combined effect of richness decrease with elevation and species replacement in groups with many narrow-ranged species.A large number of students (see below in Acknowledgments financed by the EU Programs ERASMUS and EURODYSSÉE sorted the samples prior to species assignment by one of us (PB): Data acquisition was also partly financed by Portuguese National Funds, through FCT — Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnología, within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013, 2015–2018 and UID/BIA/00329/2019–2024 and Portuguese FCT-NETBIOME—ISLANDBIODIV grant 0003/2011. Data open availability and manuscript Open Access were funded by FEDER at 85% and Azorean Public funds at 15% through Operational Program Azores 2020, under the project AzoresBIOPORTAL–PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Arthropod diversity in two Historic Gardens in the Azores, Portugal
'Pensoft Publishers', 2020Co-Authors: Arteaga Alba, Malumbres-olarte Jagoba, Gabriel Rosalina, Ros-prieto A., Casimiro Pedro, Fuentes Sánchez Ana, Isabel Soares De ,albergaria, Borges, Paulo A.Abstract:The aim of our study was to characterise and compare the richness and composition of endemic, native (non-endemic) and introduced arthropod assemblages of two Azorean Historic Gardens with contrasting plant species composition. We hypothesised that Faial Botanic Garden would hold higher arthropod diversity and abundance of native and endemic arthropod species due to its larger native plant community. Species were collected using several arthropod standardised techniques between April 2017 and June 2018. We used the alpha diversity metrics (Hill series) and the partitioning of total beta diversity (βtotal) into its replacement (βrepl) and richness (βrich) components, to analyse the adult and total arthropod community. The orders Araneae, Coleoptera and Hemiptera were also studied separately. Our results show that the number of exotic arthropod species exceeds the number of native and/or the endemic species in both gardens, but the arthropod community of Faial Botanic Garden exhibited a higher density of endemic and native species. Despite some minor exceptions, the geographic origins of plant communities largely influenced the arthropod species sampled in each garden. This study improves our knowledge about urban arthropod diversity in the Azores and shows how well-designed urban garden management and planning contribute to the conservation of native and endemic Azorean species.European Commission; Azorean Public funds through Operational Program Azores 2020, under the project Green Garden Azores (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000070); Azorean Public funds through Operational Program Azores 2020, under the project AzoresBIOPORTAL (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Manuel Pinto De Abreu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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helium isotope systematics in the vicinity of the Azores triple junction constraints on the Azores geodynamics
Chemical Geology, 2014Co-Authors: P Madureira, Cécile Gautheron, Manuel Moreira, Joao Mata, Joao Carlos Nunes, N Lourenco, Rosario Carvalho, Manuel Pinto De AbreuAbstract:Abstract We present new He isotopic data from subaerial and submarine samples collected along the Terceira Rift (Azores Plateau) in order to constrain the sources involved in the Azores magmatism in the unique geodynamic context of the Azores triple junction. Lower than MORB 4 He/ 3 He isotopic ratios were determined on olivines from the Terceira Island and the adjacent Serreta submarine ridge (down to ≈ 69,000; ≈ 10.5 R/Ra), which in addition to the Ne isotopes previously published in Madureira et al. (2005) [Primitive helium and neon isotopes in Terceira Island: Constraints on the origin of the Azores archipelago. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 233, 429–440], support the geochemical models that consider the involvement of the lower mantle in the Azores magmatism. The analysis of He data published for the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) points to the existence of chemically distinct mantle domains underneath Eurasia and Nubia lithospheric plates, which can result from an heterogeneous distribution of asthenosphere metasomatism during the initial stages of plume activity in the Azores region. At the Terceira Rift, lavas from Graciosa Island, as well as from the western end of Sao Miguel Island and D. Joao de Castro Bank, display 4 He/ 3 He ratios similar to those observed along the MAR segments located to the north of the Azores triple junction area. Conversely, samples from the south Hirondelle Basin and also Faial display a He isotopic signature similar to that of MORB erupted along MAR segments located to the south of the Azores Plateau. The Terceira Rift and the Azores triple junction area are thus characterized by the mingling of two different asthenospheric domains referred as “Eurasia” and “Nubia” type and by the presence of mantle plume derived material having primitive helium signature.
Sérgio P. Ávila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new records for the shallow water chiton fauna mollusca polyplacophora of the Azores ne atlantic
ZooKeys, 2013Co-Authors: Sérgio P. Ávila, Julia D SigwartAbstract:Published records, original data from recent field work on all of the islands of the Azores (NE Atlantic), and a revision of the entire mollusc collection deposited in the Department of Biology of the University of the Azores (DBUA) were used to compile a checklist of the shallow-water Polyplacophora of the Azores. Lepidochitona cf. canariensis and Tonicella rubra are reported for the first time for this archipelago, increasing the recorded Azorean fauna to seven species.
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mass extinctions in the Azores during the last glaciation fact or myth
Journal of Biogeography, 2008Co-Authors: Sérgio P. Ávila, Patricia Madeira, Mario Cachao, Nuno Mendes, Ana C Rebelo, Andre Medeiros, Cidalina Gomes, Francisco Garciatalavera, Carlos Marques Da Silva, Claude HillairemarcelAbstract:Aim The influence of the last glaciation on the shallow-water marine malacofauna of the Azores Islands is reviewed. We test, for this fauna, the ‘Pleistocene temperature theory’ of J.C. Briggs, which hypothesizes that a (supposed) lack of endemics in the older (Azorean endemic) fauna resulted from extinctions caused by a severe drop in sea surface temperatures during the Pleistocene. Location Santa Maria Island, Azores, Portugal. Methods We compare the fossil mollusc fauna of Prainha, Praia do Calhau and Lagoinhas Pleistocene outcrops with the recent mollusc fauna of the Azores Islands. We dated the fossil fauna, using shells of Patella aspera Roding, 1798, by standard U/Th methodology at the GEOTOP laboratory (Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Canada). Results Dating of the shells of P. aspera indicates that the deposition of the lower unit of the Prainha outcrop corresponded to Marine Oxygen Isotope Substage 5e (MISS 5e). Not a single endemic Azorean species of mollusc that is present in the Pleistocene fossil record has since become extinct, and we found no signs of ‘mass extinctions’ in the littoral marine molluscs of the Azores. The only species that were extirpated from these islands were thermophilic molluscs and littoral bivalves living in fine sand. Main conclusions Our results do not support Briggs’‘Pleistocene temperature theory’. Nor did we find evidence supporting the hypothesis that most of the marine organisms now present in the Azores recolonized the islands after the last glacial maximum.
J M Miranda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reevaluation of magnetic chrons in the north atlantic between 35 n and 47 n implications for the formation of the Azores triple junction and associated plateau
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008Co-Authors: J F Luis, J M MirandaAbstract:[1] In this paper we present a new magnetic compilation for an area of the North Atlantic located between 35°N and 47°N and up to anomaly 33r. We also present a strategy to pick magnetic isochrones and compute finite rotation poles. This technique is based on a continuous reduction to the pole technique and some basic assumptions regarding the direction of the remanent magnetization vector. A cost function that measures the misfit between interpreted and rotated isochrones and the systematic exploitation of the parameter space is used to compute the best set of finite Eulerian rotations for the chrons 5, 6, 6C, 11–12, 13, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, and 33r. This set of chrons and poles is used to discuss the evolution of the North Atlantic close to Iberia and, in particular, the onset and early development of the Azores Triple Junction area. We show that the relative motion between the Eurasian and the African plates can be coherently described in terms of rigid plate kinematics, respecting both the anomalies shapes and the precise location of the main structural elements of the area: the Pico Fracture Zone, the East Azores Fracture Zone, and the Gloria Fault. We distinguish from the magnetic point of view two different areas of the Azores plateau: the South Azores domain where almost undisturbed NNW magnetic lineations can be found and the Azores domain close to the topographic highs and with no systematic magnetic stripping with the exception of a few recent lineations, probably Matuyama and Brunhes. We present an approximate reconstruction of the plate configuration after chron 18 to conclude that the attachment of Iberia to Eurasia was younger than previously thought (lower Miocene), triggering the formation of the Azores domain, in which stretching took place essentially in the last 20 Ma at an average rate of ∼3.8 mm/a, and progressively attaching the South Azores domain to the African plate by a northward progression of the triple junction.
