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Peiyuan Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Chemical Component and Proteomic Study of the AmphiBalanus ( = Balanus) amphitrite
2016Co-Authors: Gen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Peiyuan QianAbstract:As typical biofoulers, barnacles possess hard shells and cause serious biofouling problems. In this study, we analyzed the protein component of the barnacle AmphiBalanus ( = Balanus) amphitrite shell using gel-based proteomics. The results revealed 52 proteins in the A. amphitrite shell. Among them, 40 proteins were categorized into 11 functional groups based on KOG database, and the remaining 12 proteins were unknown. Besides the known proteins in barnacle shell (SIPC, carbonic anhydrase and acidic acid matrix protein), we also identified chorion peroxidase, C-type lectin-like domains, serine proteases and protein-ase inhibitor proteins in the A. amphitrite shell. The sequences of these proteins were char-acterized and their potential functions were discussed. Histology and DAPI staining revealed living cells in the shell, which might secrete the shell proteins identified in this study
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Transcriptome and proteome dynamics in larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite
2016Co-Authors: From The Red Sea, Huoming Zhang, Peiyuan Qian, Loqmane Seridi, Yanal Ghosheh, Sarah Al-aqeel, Taewoo Ryu, Timothy RavasiAbstract:Background: The barnacle Balanus amphitrite is widely distributed in marine shallow and tidal waters, and has significant economic and ecological importance. Nauplii, the first larval stage of most crustaceans, are extremely abundant in the marine zooplankton. However, a lack of genome information has hindered elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of development, settlement and survival strategies in extreme marine environments. We sequenced and constructed the genome dataset for nauplii to obtain comprehensive larval genetic information. We also investigated iTRAQ-based protein expression patterns to reveal the molecular basis of nauplii development, and to gain information on larval survival strategies in the Red Sea marine environment. Results: A nauplii larval transcript dataset, containing 92,117 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), was constructed and used as a reference for the proteome analysis. Genes related to translation, oxidative phosphorylation and cytoskeletal development were highly abundant. We observed remarkable plasticity in the proteome of Red Sea larvae. The proteins associated with development, stress responses and osmoregulation showed the most significant differences between the two larval populations studied. The synergistic overexpression of heat shock and osmoregulatory proteins may facilitate larval survival in intertidal habitats or in extreme environments. Conclusions: We presented, for the first time, comprehensive transcriptome and proteome datasets for Red Sea nauplii. The datasets provide a foundation for future investigations focused on the survival mechanisms of other crustaceans in extreme marine environments
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transcriptome and proteome dynamics in larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite from the red sea
BMC Genomics, 2015Co-Authors: Kondethimmanahalli H Chandramouli, Huoming Zhang, Peiyuan Qian, Sarah Alaqeel, Loqmane Seridi, Yanal Ghosheh, Timothy RavasiAbstract:The barnacle Balanus amphitrite is widely distributed in marine shallow and tidal waters, and has significant economic and ecological importance. Nauplii, the first larval stage of most crustaceans, are extremely abundant in the marine zooplankton. However, a lack of genome information has hindered elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of development, settlement and survival strategies in extreme marine environments. We sequenced and constructed the genome dataset for nauplii to obtain comprehensive larval genetic information. We also investigated iTRAQ-based protein expression patterns to reveal the molecular basis of nauplii development, and to gain information on larval survival strategies in the Red Sea marine environment. A nauplii larval transcript dataset, containing 92,117 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), was constructed and used as a reference for the proteome analysis. Genes related to translation, oxidative phosphorylation and cytoskeletal development were highly abundant. We observed remarkable plasticity in the proteome of Red Sea larvae. The proteins associated with development, stress responses and osmoregulation showed the most significant differences between the two larval populations studied. The synergistic overexpression of heat shock and osmoregulatory proteins may facilitate larval survival in intertidal habitats or in extreme environments. We presented, for the first time, comprehensive transcriptome and proteome datasets for Red Sea nauplii. The datasets provide a foundation for future investigations focused on the survival mechanisms of other crustaceans in extreme marine environments.
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relationship between metal and polybrominated diphenyl ether pbde body burden and health risks in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015Co-Authors: Lianguo Chen, Wenxiong Wang, Xiaohua Zhang, Peiyuan QianAbstract:In the present study, we employed the widespread and gregarious barnacle species Balanus amphitrite in a biomonitoring program to evaluate coastal pollution around three piers (i.e., Tso Wo Hang, Sai Kung and Hebe Haven) in Hong Kong. An integrated approach was used herein, combining both the chemical determination of contaminant concentrations, including metals and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and a suite of biological responses across the entire barnacle lifecycle (i.e., adult, nauplius, cyprid and juvenile). The analytical results revealed a distinct geographical distribution of metals and PBDEs. Adult physiological processes and larval behaviors varied significantly among the three piers. Furthermore, a correlation analysis demonstrated a specific suite of biological responses towards metal and PBDE exposure, likely resulting from their distinct modes of action. Overall, the results of this study indicated that the combination of chemical and biological tests provided an integrated measure for the comprehensive assessment of marine pollution.
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chemical component and proteomic study of the amphiBalanus Balanus amphitrite shell
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Gen Zhang, Lisheng He, Yue Him Wong, Ying Xu, Peiyuan QianAbstract:As typical biofoulers, barnacles possess hard shells and cause serious biofouling problems. In this study, we analyzed the protein component of the barnacle AmphiBalanus (= Balanus) amphitrite shell using gel-based proteomics. The results revealed 52 proteins in the A. amphitrite shell. Among them, 40 proteins were categorized into 11 functional groups based on KOG database, and the remaining 12 proteins were unknown. Besides the known proteins in barnacle shell (SIPC, carbonic anhydrase and acidic acid matrix protein), we also identified chorion peroxidase, C-type lectin-like domains, serine proteases and proteinase inhibitor proteins in the A. amphitrite shell. The sequences of these proteins were characterized and their potential functions were discussed. Histology and DAPI staining revealed living cells in the shell, which might secrete the shell proteins identified in this study.
Dan Rittschof - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Barnacle Balanus amphitrite Adheres by a Stepwise Cementing Process
2016Co-Authors: Daniel K. Burden, Daniel E. Barlow, Beatriz Orihuela, Dan Rittschof, Christopher M Spillmann, Richard K Everett, Kathryn J WahlAbstract:Barnacles adhere permanently to surfaces by secreting and curing a thin interfacial adhesive underwater. Here, we show that the acorn barnacle Balanus amphitrite adheres by a two-step fluid secretion process, both contributing to adhesion. We found that, as barnacles grow, the first barnacle cement secretion (BCS1) is released at the periphery of the expanding base plate. Subsequently, a second, autofluorescent fluid (BCS2) is released. We show that secretion of BCS2 into the interface results, on average, in a 2-fold increase in adhesive strength over adhesion by BCS1 alone. The two secretions are distinguishable both spatially and temporally, and differ in morphology, protein conformation, and chemical functionality. The short time window for BCS2 secretion relative to the overall area increase demonstrates that it has a disproportionate, surprisingly powerful, impact on adhesion. The dramatic change in adhesion occurs without measurable changes in interface thickness and total protein content. A fracture mechanics analysis suggests the interfacial material’s modulus or work of adhesion, or both, were substantially increased after BCS2 secretion. Addition of BCS2 into the interface generates highly networked amyloid-like fibrils and enhanced phenolic content. Both intertwined fibers and phenolic chemistries may contribute to mechanical stability of the interface through physically or chemically anchoring interface proteins to the substrate and intermolecular interactions. Our experiments point to the need to reexamine the role of phenolic components in barnacle adhesion, long discounted despite their prevalence in structural membranes of arthropods and crustaceans, as they may contribute to chemical processes that strengthen adhesion through intermolecular cross-linking
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barnacle Balanus amphitrite adheres by a stepwise cementing process
Langmuir, 2012Co-Authors: Daniel K Burden, Daniel E. Barlow, Beatriz Orihuela, Dan Rittschof, Christopher M Spillmann, Richard K Everett, Kathryn J WahlAbstract:Barnacles adhere permanently to surfaces by secreting and curing a thin interfacial adhesive underwater. Here, we show that the acorn barnacle Balanus amphitrite adheres by a two-step fluid secretion process, both contributing to adhesion. We found that, as barnacles grow, the first barnacle cement secretion (BCS1) is released at the periphery of the expanding base plate. Subsequently, a second, autofluorescent fluid (BCS2) is released. We show that secretion of BCS2 into the interface results, on average, in a 2-fold increase in adhesive strength over adhesion by BCS1 alone. The two secretions are distinguishable both spatially and temporally, and differ in morphology, protein conformation, and chemical functionality. The short time window for BCS2 secretion relative to the overall area increase demonstrates that it has a disproportionate, surprisingly powerful, impact on adhesion. The dramatic change in adhesion occurs without measurable changes in interface thickness and total protein content. A fractu...
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characterization of the adhesive plaque of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite amyloid like nanofibrils are a major component
Langmuir, 2010Co-Authors: Daniel E. Barlow, Gary H Dickinson, J. Laurence Kulp, Beatriz Orihuela, Dan Rittschof, Kathryn J WahlAbstract:The nanoscale morphology and protein secondary structure of barnacle adhesive plaques were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thioflavin T (ThT) staining. Both primary cement (original cement laid down by the barnacle) and secondary cement (cement used for reattachment) from the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (= AmphiBalanus amphitrite) were analyzed. Results showed that both cements consisted largely of nanofibrillar matrices having similar composition. Of particular significance, the combined results indicate that the nanofibrillar structures are consistent with amyloid, with globular protein components also identified in the cement. Potential properties, functions, and formation mechanisms of the amyloid-like nanofibrils within the adhesive interface are discussed. Our results highlight an emerging trend in structural biology showing that amyloid, historically associated with disease, also has functional roles.
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variation in toxicity of copper pyrithione among populations and families of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite
Biofouling, 2010Co-Authors: Jocelyn Romano, Patricia Mcclellangreen, Dan Rittschof, Eric R HolmAbstract:Inter- and intra-population variation in the toxicity of the antifouling biocide copper pyrithione (CuPT) was examined for nauplius larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Nauplii were collected from brooding adults from four sites within the Newport River estuary (NC), chosen based on an initial estimation of recent and historical human activities that affect local contamination levels. Each site was characterized for the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and for the frequency of gastropod imposex, an indicator of contamination by organotins. Sensitivity of nauplii to CuPT varied significantly across the sites/populations, with LC50 values ranging from 4.0 μg l−1 to 6.1 μg l−1. Larvae from the most contaminated site were the most sensitive to CuPT. Intrapopulation variation in toxicity was investigated by exposing nauplius larvae from 15 maternal families to a fixed concentration of CuPT (6.1 μg l−1). Variation in larval mortality among the families was significant, ranging from 15.1% to 98.9%.
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phenotypic variation for adhesive tenacity in the barnacle Balanus amphitrite
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Eric R Holm, Christopher J. Kavanagh, Beatriz Orihuela, Dan RittschofAbstract:Silicone fouling-release coatings represent a non-toxic alternative to biocide-containing ship hull paints. These coatings allow fouling organisms to attach to the hull surface, but prevent firm adhesion. Adhesive tenacity to fouling-release materials varies both among and within species. We quantified broad-sense genetic and environmental sources of intraspecific variation in tenacity to two silicone substrata, for the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. For both materials tenacity varied over an order of magnitude; however, the partitioning of this variation differed between the substrata. For International Veridian, a commercially-available fouling-release coating, removal stress varied significantly among maternal families and replicate barnacle cultures. Variation among the maternal families was associated with previously observed differences among these families in the condition of the adhesive plaque. Additional experiments suggested that variation among the replicate cultures arose from heterogeneity between replicate coatings in properties that affect tenacity. We could not attribute variation in removal stress for Dow Corning Silastic T-2, a silicone rubber used for mold-making, to any of the genetic or environmental sources tested. Instead, variation may have been due to measurement error or heterogeneity within replicate coatings in properties affecting tenacity. Differences among maternal families in removal stress may stem from variation in the interaction between the adhesive and the substratum, or in the viscoelastic properties of the adhesive plaque.
Anthony S. Clare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metamorphosis in the cirripede crustacean Balanus amphitrite
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Diego Maruzzo, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Jens T. HøegAbstract:Stalked and acorn barnacles (Cirripedia Thoracica) have a complex life cycle that includes a free-swimming nauplius larva, a cypris larva and a permanently attached sessile juvenile and adult barnacle. The barnacle cyprid is among the most highly specialized of marine invertebrate larvae and its settlement biology has been intensively studied. By contrast, surprisingly few papers have dealt with the critical series of metamorphic events from cementation of the cyprid to the substratum until the appearance of a suspension feeding juvenile. This metamorphosis is both ontogenetically complex and critical to the survival of the barnacle. Here we use video microscopy to present a timeline and description of morphological events from settled cyprid to juvenile barnacle in the model species Balanus amphitrite, representing an important step towards both a broader understanding of the settlement ecology of this species and a platform for studying the factors that control its metamorphosis. Metamorphosis in B. amphitrite involves a complex sequence of events: cementation, epidermis separation from the cypris cuticle, degeneration of cypris musculature, rotation of the thorax inside the mantle cavity, building of the juvenile musculature, contraction of antennular muscles, raising of the body, shedding of the cypris cuticle, shell plate and basis formation and, possibly, a further moult to become a suspension feeding barnacle. We compare these events with developmental information from other barnacle species and discuss them in the framework of barnacle settlement ecology.
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active enzyme nanocoatings affect settlement of Balanus amphitrite barnacle cyprids
Advanced Functional Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Anthony S. Clare, Sheelagh L Conlan, Mariana Tasso, Carsten WernerAbstract:Balanus amphitrite cyprids produce complex adhesive substances that enable their attachment to surfaces and impart a strong detachment resistance from most immersed substrata. The colonization of man-made structures by barnacle cyprids and other marine organisms is a troublesome and costly phenomenon, for which controlling strategies are actively sought. In this work, we expand previous investigations about the susceptibility of cyprid adhesives to unpurified proteases in solution by evaluating the interplay between these secreted biomolecules and a surface-confined purified protease. The strategy involved the covalent immobilization of the enzyme Subtilisin A to maleic anhydride copolymer thin films through the spontaneous reaction of anhydride moieties with lysine side chains. This enabled the production of bioactive layers of tunable enzyme surface concentration and activity, which were utilized to systematically evaluate the effect of the immobilized enzyme on cyprid settlement and exploratory behavior. Surfaces of increasing enzyme activity displayed a gradual decrease in cyprid settlement levels (approaching inhibition) as well as an increase in post-settlement adhesion failure (evidenced by significant numbers of detached metamorphosed individuals). High activities of the bound enzyme also affected pre-settlement behavior of cyprids, reducing the velocity and total distance moved while increasing the amount and speed of meander compared to the controls. The here-reported low enzyme surface concentrations found to be remarkably effective at reducing cyprid settlement hold promise for the use of immobilized enzymes in the control of marine biofouling.
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video observation of surface exploration in cyprids of Balanus amphitrite the movements of antennular sensory setae
Biofouling, 2011Co-Authors: Diego Maruzzo, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Sheelagh L Conlan, Jens T. HøegAbstract:Video microscopy of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was used to monitor the action of antennular setae during the exploratory behaviour prior to attachment. In addition, SEM was used to provide a rev...
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video observation of surface exploration in cyprids of Balanus amphitrite the movements of antennular sensory setae
Biofouling, 2011Co-Authors: Diego Maruzzo, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Sheelagh L Conlan, Jens T. HøegAbstract:Video microscopy of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was used to monitor the action of antennular setae during the exploratory behaviour prior to attachment. In addition, SEM was used to provide a revised description of all antennular setae for that species. The videos describe if a particular seta touches the substratum and the area it can cover during surface exploration. On the fourth segment, the plumose terminal setae A and B are never in contact with the substratum, lack a terminal pore and it is argued that they sense hydrodynamic forces. The aesthetasc-like terminal seta D is likewise held free in the water at all times and it is speculated that it senses dissolved substances, but, since it contains a scolopale rod, it must also have a mechano-receptive function. All remaining antennular setae on the second, third and fourth segments have a terminal pore and it is argued that these are bimodal receptors with both chemo- and mechano-receptive modalities. These setae are also at one time or another in ...
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ecological relevance of a conspecific waterborne settlement cue in Balanus amphitrite cirripedia
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Peter D Elbourne, Anthony S. ClareAbstract:Abstract Planktonic marine invertebrate larvae are now considered to exhibit varying degrees of control over their transition back to benthic habitats through behavioural and ontogenetic adaptations. Gregarious settlement in barnacles is attributed to the settlement-inducing protein complex (SIPC), the cypris larva temporary adhesive and a waterborne cue; the latter obtained by conditioning seawater with adult Balanus amphitrite (= AmphiBalanus amphitrite ). By responding to a waterborne settlement cue, a swimming larva may elect to settle without contacting a surface. The evidence for such a role is, however, limited. This theme is examined here by evaluating the behavioural response of cyprids to the cue through various laboratory techniques – settlement assays, motion tracking and enumeration of antennule movements – and linking the cue to recruitment of larvae in the field. The cue is detected in solution, remains active upon dilution, induces a similar response in young and aged larvae, and only a brief (3–15 min) exposure to conditioned seawater is required to stimulate settlement. Seawater collected in situ , close to piling fouled with B. amphitrite at Duke University Marine Laboratory, North Carolina, induced settlement over samples collected at a distance from the piling. The evidence derived from experiments on laboratory-conditioned and field-collected seawater is consistent with an important role for the waterborne cue in the settlement of barnacle cypris larvae.
Kathryn J Wahl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Barnacle Balanus amphitrite Adheres by a Stepwise Cementing Process
2016Co-Authors: Daniel K. Burden, Daniel E. Barlow, Beatriz Orihuela, Dan Rittschof, Christopher M Spillmann, Richard K Everett, Kathryn J WahlAbstract:Barnacles adhere permanently to surfaces by secreting and curing a thin interfacial adhesive underwater. Here, we show that the acorn barnacle Balanus amphitrite adheres by a two-step fluid secretion process, both contributing to adhesion. We found that, as barnacles grow, the first barnacle cement secretion (BCS1) is released at the periphery of the expanding base plate. Subsequently, a second, autofluorescent fluid (BCS2) is released. We show that secretion of BCS2 into the interface results, on average, in a 2-fold increase in adhesive strength over adhesion by BCS1 alone. The two secretions are distinguishable both spatially and temporally, and differ in morphology, protein conformation, and chemical functionality. The short time window for BCS2 secretion relative to the overall area increase demonstrates that it has a disproportionate, surprisingly powerful, impact on adhesion. The dramatic change in adhesion occurs without measurable changes in interface thickness and total protein content. A fracture mechanics analysis suggests the interfacial material’s modulus or work of adhesion, or both, were substantially increased after BCS2 secretion. Addition of BCS2 into the interface generates highly networked amyloid-like fibrils and enhanced phenolic content. Both intertwined fibers and phenolic chemistries may contribute to mechanical stability of the interface through physically or chemically anchoring interface proteins to the substrate and intermolecular interactions. Our experiments point to the need to reexamine the role of phenolic components in barnacle adhesion, long discounted despite their prevalence in structural membranes of arthropods and crustaceans, as they may contribute to chemical processes that strengthen adhesion through intermolecular cross-linking
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electron backscatter diffraction ebsd study of the structure and crystallography of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite
JOM, 2014Co-Authors: A C Lewis, Kathryn J Wahl, Daniel K Burden, R K EverettAbstract:This work presents novel mapping of the structure and crystallography of the shell of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. Calcium carbonate in the form of hexagonal calcite was observed, with fine crystallites on the order of 1 μm in diameter forming clusters of similar orientation. While no apparent preferred orientation was measured in the parietal shell cross section, the base plate shell cross section revealed a preference for the alignment of the 〈0001〉 direction at the exterior of the shell, rotating by 90° toward the center of the base plate cross-section. These maps will be used to construct image-based models of the barnacle shell for further study of mechanical response.
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barnacle Balanus amphitrite adheres by a stepwise cementing process
Langmuir, 2012Co-Authors: Daniel K Burden, Daniel E. Barlow, Beatriz Orihuela, Dan Rittschof, Christopher M Spillmann, Richard K Everett, Kathryn J WahlAbstract:Barnacles adhere permanently to surfaces by secreting and curing a thin interfacial adhesive underwater. Here, we show that the acorn barnacle Balanus amphitrite adheres by a two-step fluid secretion process, both contributing to adhesion. We found that, as barnacles grow, the first barnacle cement secretion (BCS1) is released at the periphery of the expanding base plate. Subsequently, a second, autofluorescent fluid (BCS2) is released. We show that secretion of BCS2 into the interface results, on average, in a 2-fold increase in adhesive strength over adhesion by BCS1 alone. The two secretions are distinguishable both spatially and temporally, and differ in morphology, protein conformation, and chemical functionality. The short time window for BCS2 secretion relative to the overall area increase demonstrates that it has a disproportionate, surprisingly powerful, impact on adhesion. The dramatic change in adhesion occurs without measurable changes in interface thickness and total protein content. A fractu...
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characterization of the adhesive plaque of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite amyloid like nanofibrils are a major component
Langmuir, 2010Co-Authors: Daniel E. Barlow, Daniel Rittschof, Gary H Dickinson, J. Laurence Kulp, Beatriz Orihuela, Kathryn J WahlAbstract:The nanoscale morphology and protein secondary structure of barnacle adhesive plaques were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thioflavin T (ThT) staining. Both primary cement (original cement laid down by the barnacle) and secondary cement (cement used for reattachment) from the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (= AmphiBalanus amphitrite) were analyzed. Results showed that both cements consisted largely of nanofibrillar matrices having similar composition. Of particular significance, the combined results indicate that the nanofibrillar structures are consistent with amyloid, with globular protein components also identified in the cement. Potential properties, functions, and formation mechanisms of the amyloid-like nanofibrils within the adhesive interface are discussed. Our results highlight an emerging trend in structural biology showing that amyloid, historically associated with disea...
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characterization of the adhesive plaque of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite amyloid like nanofibrils are a major component
Langmuir, 2010Co-Authors: Daniel E. Barlow, Gary H Dickinson, J. Laurence Kulp, Beatriz Orihuela, Dan Rittschof, Kathryn J WahlAbstract:The nanoscale morphology and protein secondary structure of barnacle adhesive plaques were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thioflavin T (ThT) staining. Both primary cement (original cement laid down by the barnacle) and secondary cement (cement used for reattachment) from the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (= AmphiBalanus amphitrite) were analyzed. Results showed that both cements consisted largely of nanofibrillar matrices having similar composition. Of particular significance, the combined results indicate that the nanofibrillar structures are consistent with amyloid, with globular protein components also identified in the cement. Potential properties, functions, and formation mechanisms of the amyloid-like nanofibrils within the adhesive interface are discussed. Our results highlight an emerging trend in structural biology showing that amyloid, historically associated with disease, also has functional roles.
Nick Aldred - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metamorphosis in the cirripede crustacean Balanus amphitrite
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Diego Maruzzo, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Jens T. HøegAbstract:Stalked and acorn barnacles (Cirripedia Thoracica) have a complex life cycle that includes a free-swimming nauplius larva, a cypris larva and a permanently attached sessile juvenile and adult barnacle. The barnacle cyprid is among the most highly specialized of marine invertebrate larvae and its settlement biology has been intensively studied. By contrast, surprisingly few papers have dealt with the critical series of metamorphic events from cementation of the cyprid to the substratum until the appearance of a suspension feeding juvenile. This metamorphosis is both ontogenetically complex and critical to the survival of the barnacle. Here we use video microscopy to present a timeline and description of morphological events from settled cyprid to juvenile barnacle in the model species Balanus amphitrite, representing an important step towards both a broader understanding of the settlement ecology of this species and a platform for studying the factors that control its metamorphosis. Metamorphosis in B. amphitrite involves a complex sequence of events: cementation, epidermis separation from the cypris cuticle, degeneration of cypris musculature, rotation of the thorax inside the mantle cavity, building of the juvenile musculature, contraction of antennular muscles, raising of the body, shedding of the cypris cuticle, shell plate and basis formation and, possibly, a further moult to become a suspension feeding barnacle. We compare these events with developmental information from other barnacle species and discuss them in the framework of barnacle settlement ecology.
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video observation of surface exploration in cyprids of Balanus amphitrite the movements of antennular sensory setae
Biofouling, 2011Co-Authors: Diego Maruzzo, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Sheelagh L Conlan, Jens T. HøegAbstract:Video microscopy of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was used to monitor the action of antennular setae during the exploratory behaviour prior to attachment. In addition, SEM was used to provide a rev...
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video observation of surface exploration in cyprids of Balanus amphitrite the movements of antennular sensory setae
Biofouling, 2011Co-Authors: Diego Maruzzo, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Sheelagh L Conlan, Jens T. HøegAbstract:Video microscopy of cyprids of Balanus amphitrite was used to monitor the action of antennular setae during the exploratory behaviour prior to attachment. In addition, SEM was used to provide a revised description of all antennular setae for that species. The videos describe if a particular seta touches the substratum and the area it can cover during surface exploration. On the fourth segment, the plumose terminal setae A and B are never in contact with the substratum, lack a terminal pore and it is argued that they sense hydrodynamic forces. The aesthetasc-like terminal seta D is likewise held free in the water at all times and it is speculated that it senses dissolved substances, but, since it contains a scolopale rod, it must also have a mechano-receptive function. All remaining antennular setae on the second, third and fourth segments have a terminal pore and it is argued that these are bimodal receptors with both chemo- and mechano-receptive modalities. These setae are also at one time or another in ...
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modulation of barnacle Balanus amphitrite darwin cyprid settlement behavior by sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine methacrylate polymer coatings
Biofouling, 2010Co-Authors: Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Guozhu Li, Shaoyi JiangAbstract:Zwitterionic polymers such as poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (polyCBMA) have demonstrated impressive fouling-resistance against proteins and mammalian cells. In this paper, the effects of these surface chemistries on the settlement and behavior of an ubiquitous fouling organism, the cypris larva of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (=AmphiBalanus amphitrite), were studied in the laboratory. Conventional settlement assays and behavioral analysis of cyprids using Noldus Ethovision 3.1 demonstrated significant differences in settlement and behavior on different surfaces. Cyprids did not settle on the polySBMA or polyCBMA surfaces over the course of the assay, whereas settlement on glass occurred within expected limits. Individual components of cyprid behavior were shown to differ significantly between glass, polySBMA and polyCBMA. Cyprids also responded differently to the two zwitterionic surfaces. On polySBMA, cyprids were unwilling or unable to settle, wherea...
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modulation of barnacle Balanus amphitrite darwin cyprid settlement behavior by sulfobetaine and carboxybetaine methacrylate polymer coatings
Biofouling, 2010Co-Authors: Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Ye Gao, Shaoyi JiangAbstract:Zwitterionic polymers such as poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (polyCBMA) have demonstrated impressive fouling-resistance against proteins and mammalian cells. In this paper, the effects of these surface chemistries on the settlement and behavior of an ubiquitous fouling organism, the cypris larva of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (=AmphiBalanus amphitrite), were studied in the laboratory. Conventional settlement assays and behavioral analysis of cyprids using Noldus Ethovision 3.1 demonstrated significant differences in settlement and behavior on different surfaces. Cyprids did not settle on the polySBMA or polyCBMA surfaces over the course of the assay, whereas settlement on glass occurred within expected limits. Individual components of cyprid behavior were shown to differ significantly between glass, polySBMA and polyCBMA. Cyprids also responded differently to the two zwitterionic surfaces. On polySBMA, cyprids were unwilling or unable to settle, whereas on polyCBMA cyprids did not attempt exploration and left the surface quickly. In neither case was toxicity observed. It is concluded that a zwitterionic approach to fouling-resistant surface development has considerable potential in marine applications.
