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Wen Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metagenomic profiling of gut microbial communities in both wild and artificially reared bar headed Goose anser indicus
MicrobiologyOpen, 2017Co-Authors: Sisi Zheng, Kirill Sharshov, Hao Sun, Xuelian Wang, Wen Wang, Fang Yang, Zhixiong XiaoAbstract:Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus), a species endemic to Asia, has become one of the most popular species in recent years for rare bird breeding industries in several provinces of China. There has been no information on the gut metagenome configuration in both wild and artificially reared Bar-Headed geese, even though the importance of gut microbiome in vertebrate nutrient and energy metabolism, immune homeostasis and reproduction is widely acknowledged. In this study, metagenomic methods have been used to describe the microbial community structure and composition of functional genes associated with both wild and artificially reared Bar-Headed Goose. Taxonomic analyses revealed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the four most abundant phyla in the gut of Bar-Headed geese. Bacteroidetes were significantly abundant in the artificially reared group compared to wild group. Through functional profiling, we found that artificially reared Bar-Headed geese had higher bacterial gene content related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism, energy metabolism and coenzyme transport, and metabolism. A comprehensive gene catalog of Bar-Headed geese metagenome was built, and the metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleotide, and energy were found to be the four most abundant categories. These results create a baseline for future Bar-Headed Goose microbiology research, and make an original contribution to the artificial rearing of this bird.
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draft genome sequence of bacillus megaterium bhg1 1 a strain isolated from bar headed Goose anser indicus feces on the qinghai tibet plateau
Genome Announcements, 2016Co-Authors: Sisi Zheng, Hao Sun, Wen Wang, Fang Yang, Jian Cao, Xuelian WangAbstract:ABSTRACT Bacillus megaterium is a soil-inhabiting Gram-positive bacterium that is routinely used in industrial applications for recombinant protein production and bioremediation. Studies involving Bacillus megaterium isolated from waterfowl are scarce. Here, we report a 6.26-Mbp draft genome sequence of Bacillus megaterium BHG1.1, which was isolated from feces of a Bar-Headed Goose.
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high throughput sequencing reveals the core gut microbiome of bar headed Goose anser indicus in different wintering areas in tibet
MicrobiologyOpen, 2016Co-Authors: Sisi Zheng, Xuelian Wang, Wen Wang, Fang Yang, Jian Cao, Kirill SharshovAbstract:Elucidating the spatial dynamic and core gut microbiome related to wild Bar-Headed Goose is of crucial importance for probiotics development that may meet the demands of Bar-Headed Goose artificial breeding industries and accelerate the domestication of this species. However, the core microbial communities in the wild Bar-Headed geese remain totally unknown. Here, for the first time, we present a comprehensive survey of Bar-Headed geese gut microbial communities by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology using nine individuals from three distinct wintering locations in Tibet. A total of 236,676 sequences were analyzed, and 607 OTUs were identified. We show that the gut microbial communities of Bar-Headed geese have representatives of 14 phyla and are dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The additive abundance of these four most dominant phyla was above 96% across all the samples. At the genus level, the sequences represented 150 genera. A set of 19 genera were present in all samples and considered as core gut microbiome. The top seven most abundant core genera were distributed in that four dominant phyla. Among them, four genera (Lactococcus, Bacillus, Solibacillus, and Streptococcus) belonged to Firmicutes, while for other three phyla, each containing one genus, such as Proteobacteria (genus Pseudomonas), Actinobacteria (genus Arthrobacter), and Bacteroidetes (genus Bacteroides). This broad survey represents the most in-depth assessment, to date, of the gut microbes that associated with Bar-Headed geese. These data create a baseline for future Bar-Headed Goose microbiology research, and make an original contribution to probiotics development for Bar-Headed Goose artificial breeding industries.
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Comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal microbial communities of Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus) in different breeding patterns by high-throughput sequencing
Microbiological Research, 2016Co-Authors: Wen Wang, Jian Cao, Fang YangAbstract:The Bar-Headed Goose is currently one of the most popular species for rare birds breeding in China. However, Bar-Headed geese in captivity display a reduced reproductive rate. The gut microbiome has been shown to influence host factors such as nutrient and energy metabolism, immune homeostasis and reproduction. It is therefore of great scientific and agriculture value to analyze the microbial communities associated with Bar-Headed geese in order to improve their reproductive rate. Here we describe the first comparative study of the gut microbial communities of Bar-Headed geese in three different breeding pattern groups by 16S. rRNA sequences using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that Firmicutes predominated (58.33%) among wild Bar-Headed geese followed by Proteobacteria (30.67%), Actinobacteria (7.33%) and Bacteroidetes (3.33%). In semi-artificial breeding group, Firmicutes was also the most abundant bacteria (62.00%), followed by Bacteroidetes (28.67%), Proteobacteria (4.20%), Actinobacteria (3.27%) and Fusobacteria (1.51%). The microbial communities of artificial breeding group were dominated by Firmicutes (60.67%), Fusobacteria (29.67%) and Proteobacteria (9.33%). Wild Bar-Headed geese had a significant higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while semi-artificial breeding Bar-Headed geese had significantly more Bacteroidetes. The semi-artificial breeding group had the highest microbial community diversity and richness, followed by wild group, and then the artificial breeding group. The marked differences of genus level group-specific microbes create a baseline for future Bar-Headed Goose microbiology research.
William K Milsom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reduced metabolism supports hypoxic flight in the high flying bar headed Goose anser indicus
eLife, 2019Co-Authors: Jessica U Meir, Julia M York, Bev A Chua, Wilhelmina Jardine, Lucy A Hawkes, William K MilsomAbstract:The Bar-Headed Goose is famous for reaching extreme altitudes during its twice-yearly migrations across the Himalayas. These geese have been tracked flying as high as 7,270 meters up, and mountaineers have anecdotally reported seeing them fly over summits around Mount Everest (that are over 8,000 meters tall). At these heights, the air is so thin that it contains only about 30–50% of the oxygen available at sea-level. Bar-Headed geese have several adaptions that help them exercise in low oxygen conditions. For example, they have larger lungs than most other birds their size, and their red blood cells contain a version of hemoglobin that binds oxygen much more tightly. To date, however, there has been no work that has comprehensively measured how the Bar-Headed Goose adapts its physiology to fly under low oxygen conditions. As such, it remains unclear whether these birds would even be able to fly where the oxygen is as limited as it is above the summits of the world’s highest mountains. This is partly because it is extremely challenging to make these kinds of recordings from flying geese, and partly because there are few wind tunnels in the world suitable to carry out such experiments. To better understand how the Bar-Headed Goose accomplishes its remarkable, high altitude migration, Meir et al. raised Bar-Headed geese from eggs, with experimenters acting as the birds’ foster parents. The birds took their first flights either in a 30-meter wind tunnel at an engineering department in the University of British Columbia or, if the wind tunnel was unavailable, alongside a bicycle or a motor scooter. Once trained, the geese then flew in the wind tunnel wearing a backpack that contained the sensors needed to record their physiology. The birds also wore a breathing mask that could simulate the limited oxygen availability at altitudes of roughly 5,500 and 9,000 meters, and measure the oxygen consumed and the carbon dioxide produced by the geese. Meir et al. found that Bar-Headed geese could indeed fly at these simulated extreme altitudes in the wind tunnel, and that the birds largely achieved this by reducing their metabolism to match low oxygen conditions. The recordings show that the geese did not increase their heart rate when flying in reduced oxygen compared with normal flights, suggesting that their hearts were not working at maximum capacity despite the extreme conditions. Meir et al. also discovered that the blood in the birds’ veins cooled when flying, and in some cases by more than 2°C. Since hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen changes with temperature, this may help increase the amount of oxygen that these birds can load into their blood at the lung when in flight. These measurements suggest that the anecdotes of Bar-Headed geese flying over some of the highest mountains in the world are indeed physiologically plausible. The findings will be valuable to researchers studying animals living at extreme altitudes. They may also be relevant to those looking to understand how humans respond to situations where oxygen is limited, such as during medical conditions like a heart attack or stroke, or procedures like organ transplants.
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reduced metabolism supports hypoxic flight in the high flying bar headed Goose anser indicus
eLife, 2019Co-Authors: Jessica U Meir, Julia M York, Bev A Chua, Wilhelmina Jardine, Lucy A Hawkes, William K MilsomAbstract:The Bar-Headed Goose is famed for migratory flight at extreme altitude. To better understand the physiology underlying this remarkable behavior, we imprinted and trained geese, collecting the first cardiorespiratory measurements of Bar-Headed geese flying at simulated altitude in a wind tunnel. Metabolic rate during flight increased 16-fold from rest, supported by an increase in the estimated amount of O2 transported per heartbeat and a modest increase in heart rate. The geese appear to have ample cardiac reserves, as heart rate during hypoxic flights was not higher than in normoxic flights. We conclude that flight in hypoxia is largely achieved via the reduction in metabolic rate compared to normoxia. Arterial [Formula: see text] was maintained throughout flights. Mixed venous PO2 decreased during the initial portion of flights in hypoxia, indicative of increased tissue O2 extraction. We also discovered that mixed venous temperature decreased during flight, which may significantly increase oxygen loading to hemoglobin.
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validation of the i stat and hemocue systems for the analysis of blood parameters in the bar headed Goose anser indicus
Conservation Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Till S Harter, M Reichert, Colin J Brauner, William K MilsomAbstract:Every year, Bar-Headed geese (Anser indicus) perform some of the most remarkable trans-Himalayan migrations, and researchers are increasingly interested in understanding the physiology underlying their high-altitude flight performance. A major challenge is generating reliable measurements of blood parameters on wild birds in the field, where established analytical techniques are often not available. Therefore, we validated two commonly used portable clinical analysers (PCAs), the i-STAT and the HemoCue systems, for the analysis of blood parameters in Bar-Headed geese. The pH, partial pressures of O2 and CO2 (PO2 and PCO2), haemoglobin O2 saturation (sO2), haematocrit (Hct) and haemoglobin concentration [Hb] were simultaneously measured with the two PCA systems (i-STAT for all parameters; HemoCue for [Hb]) and with conventional laboratory techniques over a physiological range of PO2, PCO2 and Hct. Our results indicate that the i-STAT system can generate reliable values on Bar-Headed Goose whole blood pH, PO2, PCO2 and Hct, but we recommend correcting the obtained values using the linear equations determined here for higher accuracy. The i-STAT is probably not able to produce meaningful measurements of sO2 and [Hb] over a range of physiologically relevant environmental conditions. However, we can recommend the use of the HemoCue to measure [Hb] in the Bar-Headed Goose, if results are corrected. We emphasize that the equations that we provide to correct PCA results are applicable only to Bar-Headed Goose whole blood under the conditions that we tested. We encourage researchers to validate i-STAT or HemoCue results thoroughly for their specific study conditions and species in order to yield accurate results.
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Molecular evolution of cytochrome c oxidase underlies high-altitude adaptation in the Bar-Headed Goose
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2011Co-Authors: Graham R. Scott, Angela L M Scott, Patricia M Schulte, Jeffrey G Richards, Stuart Egginton, William K MilsomAbstract:Bar-Headed geese (Anser indicus) fly at up to 9,000 m elevation during their migration over the Himalayas, sustaining high metabolic rates in the severe hypoxia at these altitudes. We investigated the evolution of cardiac energy metabolism and O(2) transport in this species to better understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation. Compared with low-altitude geese (pink-footed geese and barnacle geese), Bar-Headed geese had larger lungs and higher capillary densities in the left ventricle of the heart, both of which should improve O(2) diffusion during hypoxia. Although myoglobin abundance and the activities of many metabolic enzymes (carnitine palmitoyltransferase, citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl-coA dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase) showed only minor variation between species, Bar-Headed geese had a striking alteration in the kinetics of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the heteromeric enzyme that catalyzes O(2) reduction in oxidative phosphorylation. This was reflected by a lower maximum catalytic activity and a higher affinity for reduced cytochrome c. There were small differences between species in messenger RNA and protein expression of COX subunits 3 and 4, but these were inconsistent with the divergence in enzyme kinetics. However, the COX3 gene of Bar-Headed geese contained a nonsynonymous substitution at a site that is otherwise conserved across vertebrates and resulted in a major functional change of amino acid class (Trp-116 → Arg). This mutation was predicted by structural modeling to alter the interaction between COX3 and COX1. Adaptations in mitochondrial enzyme kinetics and O(2) transport capacity may therefore contribute to the exceptional ability of Bar-Headed geese to fly high.
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evolution of muscle phenotype for extreme high altitude flight in the bar headed Goose
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Graham R. Scott, Jeffrey G Richards, Stuart Egginton, William K MilsomAbstract:Bar-Headed geese migrate over the Himalayas at up to 9000 m elevation, but it is unclear how they sustain the high metabolic rates needed for flight in the severe hypoxia at these altitudes. To better understand the basis for this physiological feat, we compared the flight muscle phenotype of Bar-Headed geese with that of low altitude birds (barnacle geese, pink-footed geese, greylag geese and mallard ducks). Bar-Headed Goose muscle had a higher proportion of oxidative fibres. This increased muscle aerobic capacity, because the mitochondrial volume densities of each fibre type were similar between species. However, Bar-Headed geese had more capillaries per muscle fibre than expected from this increase in aerobic capacity, as well as higher capillary densities and more homogeneous capillary spacing. Their mitochondria were also redistributed towards the subsarcolemma (cell membrane) and adjacent to capillaries. These alterations should improve O2 diffusion capacity from the blood and reduce intracellular O2 diffusion distances, respectively. The unique differences in Bar-Headed geese were much greater than the minor variation between low altitude species and existed without prior exercise or hypoxia exposure, and the correlation of these traits to flight altitude was independent of phylogeny. In contrast, isolated mitochondria had similar respiratory capacities, O2 kinetics and phosphorylation efficiencies across species. Bar-Headed geese have therefore evolved for exercise in hypoxia by enhancing the O2 supply to flight muscle.
Fang Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metagenomic profiling of gut microbial communities in both wild and artificially reared bar headed Goose anser indicus
MicrobiologyOpen, 2017Co-Authors: Sisi Zheng, Kirill Sharshov, Hao Sun, Xuelian Wang, Wen Wang, Fang Yang, Zhixiong XiaoAbstract:Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus), a species endemic to Asia, has become one of the most popular species in recent years for rare bird breeding industries in several provinces of China. There has been no information on the gut metagenome configuration in both wild and artificially reared Bar-Headed geese, even though the importance of gut microbiome in vertebrate nutrient and energy metabolism, immune homeostasis and reproduction is widely acknowledged. In this study, metagenomic methods have been used to describe the microbial community structure and composition of functional genes associated with both wild and artificially reared Bar-Headed Goose. Taxonomic analyses revealed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the four most abundant phyla in the gut of Bar-Headed geese. Bacteroidetes were significantly abundant in the artificially reared group compared to wild group. Through functional profiling, we found that artificially reared Bar-Headed geese had higher bacterial gene content related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism, energy metabolism and coenzyme transport, and metabolism. A comprehensive gene catalog of Bar-Headed geese metagenome was built, and the metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleotide, and energy were found to be the four most abundant categories. These results create a baseline for future Bar-Headed Goose microbiology research, and make an original contribution to the artificial rearing of this bird.
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draft genome sequence of bacillus megaterium bhg1 1 a strain isolated from bar headed Goose anser indicus feces on the qinghai tibet plateau
Genome Announcements, 2016Co-Authors: Sisi Zheng, Hao Sun, Wen Wang, Fang Yang, Jian Cao, Xuelian WangAbstract:ABSTRACT Bacillus megaterium is a soil-inhabiting Gram-positive bacterium that is routinely used in industrial applications for recombinant protein production and bioremediation. Studies involving Bacillus megaterium isolated from waterfowl are scarce. Here, we report a 6.26-Mbp draft genome sequence of Bacillus megaterium BHG1.1, which was isolated from feces of a Bar-Headed Goose.
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high throughput sequencing reveals the core gut microbiome of bar headed Goose anser indicus in different wintering areas in tibet
MicrobiologyOpen, 2016Co-Authors: Sisi Zheng, Xuelian Wang, Wen Wang, Fang Yang, Jian Cao, Kirill SharshovAbstract:Elucidating the spatial dynamic and core gut microbiome related to wild Bar-Headed Goose is of crucial importance for probiotics development that may meet the demands of Bar-Headed Goose artificial breeding industries and accelerate the domestication of this species. However, the core microbial communities in the wild Bar-Headed geese remain totally unknown. Here, for the first time, we present a comprehensive survey of Bar-Headed geese gut microbial communities by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology using nine individuals from three distinct wintering locations in Tibet. A total of 236,676 sequences were analyzed, and 607 OTUs were identified. We show that the gut microbial communities of Bar-Headed geese have representatives of 14 phyla and are dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The additive abundance of these four most dominant phyla was above 96% across all the samples. At the genus level, the sequences represented 150 genera. A set of 19 genera were present in all samples and considered as core gut microbiome. The top seven most abundant core genera were distributed in that four dominant phyla. Among them, four genera (Lactococcus, Bacillus, Solibacillus, and Streptococcus) belonged to Firmicutes, while for other three phyla, each containing one genus, such as Proteobacteria (genus Pseudomonas), Actinobacteria (genus Arthrobacter), and Bacteroidetes (genus Bacteroides). This broad survey represents the most in-depth assessment, to date, of the gut microbes that associated with Bar-Headed geese. These data create a baseline for future Bar-Headed Goose microbiology research, and make an original contribution to probiotics development for Bar-Headed Goose artificial breeding industries.
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Comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal microbial communities of Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus) in different breeding patterns by high-throughput sequencing
Microbiological Research, 2016Co-Authors: Wen Wang, Jian Cao, Fang YangAbstract:The Bar-Headed Goose is currently one of the most popular species for rare birds breeding in China. However, Bar-Headed geese in captivity display a reduced reproductive rate. The gut microbiome has been shown to influence host factors such as nutrient and energy metabolism, immune homeostasis and reproduction. It is therefore of great scientific and agriculture value to analyze the microbial communities associated with Bar-Headed geese in order to improve their reproductive rate. Here we describe the first comparative study of the gut microbial communities of Bar-Headed geese in three different breeding pattern groups by 16S. rRNA sequences using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that Firmicutes predominated (58.33%) among wild Bar-Headed geese followed by Proteobacteria (30.67%), Actinobacteria (7.33%) and Bacteroidetes (3.33%). In semi-artificial breeding group, Firmicutes was also the most abundant bacteria (62.00%), followed by Bacteroidetes (28.67%), Proteobacteria (4.20%), Actinobacteria (3.27%) and Fusobacteria (1.51%). The microbial communities of artificial breeding group were dominated by Firmicutes (60.67%), Fusobacteria (29.67%) and Proteobacteria (9.33%). Wild Bar-Headed geese had a significant higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while semi-artificial breeding Bar-Headed geese had significantly more Bacteroidetes. The semi-artificial breeding group had the highest microbial community diversity and richness, followed by wild group, and then the artificial breeding group. The marked differences of genus level group-specific microbes create a baseline for future Bar-Headed Goose microbiology research.
Angela Fago - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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allosteric mechanisms underlying the adaptive increase in hemoglobin oxygen affinity of the bar headed Goose
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Agnieszka Jendroszek, Hans Malte, Cathrine Bang Overgaard, Kristian Beedholm, Chandrasekhar Natarajan, Roy E Weber, Jay F Storz, Angela FagoAbstract:ABSTRACT The high blood–O 2 affinity of the Bar-Headed Goose ( Anser indicus ) is an integral component of the biochemical and physiological adaptations that allow this hypoxia-tolerant species to undertake migratory flights over the Himalayas. The high blood–O 2 affinity of this species was originally attributed to a single amino acid substitution of the major hemoglobin (Hb) isoform, HbA, which was thought to destabilize the low-affinity T state, thereby shifting the T–R allosteric equilibrium towards the high-affinity R state. Surprisingly, this mechanistic hypothesis has never been addressed using native proteins purified from blood. Here, we report a detailed analysis of O 2 equilibria and kinetics of native major HbA and minor HbD isoforms from Bar-Headed Goose and greylag Goose ( Anser anser ), a strictly lowland species, to identify and characterize the mechanistic basis for the adaptive change in Hb function. We find that HbA and HbD of Bar-Headed Goose have consistently higher O 2 affinities than those of the greylag Goose. The corresponding Hb isoforms of the two species are equally responsive to physiological allosteric cofactors and have similar Bohr effects. Thermodynamic analyses of O 2 equilibrium curves according to the two-state Monod–Wyman–Changeaux model revealed higher R-state O 2 affinities in the Bar-Headed Goose Hbs, associated with lower O 2 dissociation rates, compared with the greylag Goose. Conversely, the T state was not destabilized and the T–R allosteric equilibrium was unaltered in Bar-Headed Goose Hbs. The physiological implication of these results is that increased R-state affinity allows for enhanced O 2 saturation in the lungs during hypoxia, but without impairing O 2 delivery to tissues.
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Molecular basis of hemoglobin adaptation in the high-flying Bar-Headed Goose.
'Public Library of Science (PLoS)', 2018Co-Authors: Chandrasekhar Natarajan, Jeremy R H Tame, Agnieszka Jendroszek, Roy E Weber, Angela Fago, Amit Kumar, Jay F StorzAbstract:During the adaptive evolution of a particular trait, some selectively fixed mutations may be directly causative and others may be purely compensatory. The relative contribution of these two classes of mutation to adaptive phenotypic evolution depends on the form and prevalence of mutational pleiotropy. To investigate the nature of adaptive substitutions and their pleiotropic effects, we used a protein engineering approach to characterize the molecular basis of hemoglobin (Hb) adaptation in the high-flying Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus), a hypoxia-tolerant species renowned for its trans-Himalayan migratory flights. To test the effects of observed substitutions on evolutionarily relevant genetic backgrounds, we synthesized all possible genotypic intermediates in the line of descent connecting the wildtype Bar-Headed Goose genotype with the most recent common ancestor of Bar-Headed Goose and its lowland relatives. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed one major-effect mutation that significantly increased Hb-O2 affinity on all possible genetic backgrounds. Two other mutations exhibited smaller average effect sizes and less additivity across backgrounds. One of the latter mutations produced a concomitant increase in the autoxidation rate, a deleterious side-effect that was fully compensated by a second-site mutation at a spatially proximal residue. The experiments revealed three key insights: (i) subtle, localized structural changes can produce large functional effects; (ii) relative effect sizes of function-altering mutations may depend on the sequential order in which they occur; and (iii) compensation of deleterious pleiotropic effects may play an important role in the adaptive evolution of protein function
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Autoxidation rates of rHbs representing Bar-Headed Goose, greylag Goose, their reconstructed ancestor (AncAnser), and all possible mutational intermediates connecting AncAnser with each of the two descendant species.
2018Co-Authors: Chandrasekhar Natarajan, Jeremy R H Tame, Agnieszka Jendroszek, Roy E Weber, Angela Fago, Amit Kumar, Jay F StorzAbstract:For the Bar-Headed Goose mutants (all mutational intermediates between wildtype Bar-Headed Goose and AncAnser), three-letter genotype codes denote amino acid states at α18, α63, and α119 (amino acid abbreviations underlined in bold = derived [non-ancestral]). At these same three sites, AncAnser is ‘GAP’ the wildtype genotype of Bar-Headed Goose is ‘SVA’. For the greylag Goose mutants (all mutational intermediates between wildtype greylag Goose and AncAnser), two-letter genotype codes denote amino acid states at β4 and β125. At these same two sites, AncAnser is ‘TD’ the wildtype genotype of greylag Goose is ‘SE’.
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O2 affinities (P50, torr) and anion sensitivities (∆log P50) of rHbs representing Bar-Headed Goose, greylag Goose, their reconstructed ancestor (AncAnser), and all possible mutational intermediates connecting AncAnser with each of the two descendant species.
2018Co-Authors: Chandrasekhar Natarajan, Jeremy R H Tame, Agnieszka Jendroszek, Roy E Weber, Angela Fago, Amit Kumar, Jay F StorzAbstract:O2 equilibria were measured in 0.1 mM Hepes buffer at pH 7.4 (± 0.01) and 37°C in the absence (stripped) and presence of Cl- ions (0.1 M KCl]) and IHP (at two-fold molar excess over tetrameric Hb). Anion sensitivities are indexed by the difference in log-transformed values of P50 in the presence and absence of Cl- ions (KCl) and IHP. The higher the ∆log P50 value, the higher the sensitivity of Hb-O2 affinity to the presence of a given anion or combination of anions. For the Bar-Headed Goose mutants (all mutational intermediates between wildtype Bar-Headed Goose and AncAnser), three-letter genotype codes denote amino acid states at α18, α63, and α119 (amino acid abbreviations underlined in bold = derived [non-ancestral]). At these same three sites, AncAnser is ‘GAP’ the wildtype genotype of Bar-Headed Goose is ‘SVA’. For the greylag Goose mutants (all mutational intermediates between wildtype greylag Goose and AncAnser), two-letter genotype codes denote amino acid states at β4 and β125. At these same two sites, AncAnser is ‘TD’ the wildtype genotype of greylag Goose is ‘SE’.
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Inferred history of amino acid substitution at five sites that distinguish the major Hb isoforms of the Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus) and greylag Goose (Anser anser).
2018Co-Authors: Chandrasekhar Natarajan, Jeremy R H Tame, Agnieszka Jendroszek, Roy E Weber, Angela Fago, Amit Kumar, Jay F StorzAbstract:(A) Amino acid states at the same sites are shown for 12 other waterfowl species in the subfamily Anserinae. Of the five amino acid substitutions that distinguish the Hbs of A. indicus and A. anser, parsimony indicates that three occurred on the branch leading to A. indicus (αG18S, αA63V, and αP119A) and two occurred on the branch subtending the clade of all Anser species other than A. indicus (βT4S and βD125E). ‘AncAnser’ represents the reconstructed sequence of the A. indicus/A. anser common ancestor, which is also the most recent common ancestor of all extant species in the genus Anser. (B) Triangulated comparisons involving rHbs of Bar-Headed Goose, greylag Goose, and their reconstructed ancestor (AncAnser) reveal the polarity of changes in character state. Differences in Hb function between Bar-Headed Goose and AncAnser reflect the net effect of three substitutions (αG18S, αA63V, and αP119A) and differences between greylag Goose and AncAnser reflect the net effect of two substitutions (βT4S and βD125E). All possible mutational intermediates connecting AncAnser with each of the two descendent species are shown to the side of each terminal branch (the sequential order of the substitutions is unknown, so the order in which they are shown on each terminal branch is arbitrary).
Yh Liang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Avian haemoglobins and structural basis of high affinity for oxygen: structure of Bar-Headed Goose aquomet haemoglobin
acta crystallographica section d biological crystallography, 2001Co-Authors: Xz Liu, Jing H, Yh Liang, Zq HuaAbstract:Haemoglobin from the Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus) has higher oxygen affinity than that from its lowland relatives such as greylag Goose (A. anser). The crystal structure of Bar-Headed Goose aquomet haemoglobin was determined at 2.3 Angstrom resolution and compared with the structures of the Goose oxy, human, horse and other avian haemoglobins and the sequences of other avian haemoglobins. Four amino-acid residues differ between greylag Goose and Bar-Headed Goose haemoglobins, among which Ala alpha 119 and Asp beta 125 in Bar-Headed Goose haemoglobin reduces the contacts between the alpha (1) and beta (1) subunits compared with Pro and Glu, respectively, and therefore may increase the oxygen affinity by loosening the alpha (1)beta (1) interface. Compared with human oxy haemoglobin, the relative orientation of two alpha beta dimers in the Bar-Headed Goose aquomet and oxy Hbs are rotated by about 4 degrees, indicating a unique quaternary structural difference from the typical R state. This new 'R-H' state is probably correlated with the higher oxygen affinity of Bar-Headed Goose haemoglobin.Biochemical Research MethodsBiochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiophysicsCrystallographySCI(E)PubMed19ARTICLEPt 6775-7835
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The structure of greylag Goose oxy haemoglobin: the roles of four mutations compared with Bar-Headed Goose haemoglobin
acta crystallographica section d biological crystallography, 2001Co-Authors: Yh Liang, Xz Liu, Sh LiuAbstract:The greylag Goose (Anser anser), which lives on lowlands and cannot tolerate hypoxic conditions, presents a striking contrast to its close relative the Bar-Headed Goose (A. indicus), which lives at high altitude and possesses high-altitude hypoxia adaptation. There are only four amino-acid residue differences at alpha 18, alpha 63, alpha 119 and beta 125 between the haemoglobins of the two species. The crystal structure of greylag Goose oxy haemoglobin was determined at 3.09 Angstrom resolution. Its quaternary structure is slightly different from that of the Bar-Headed Goose oxy haemoglobin, with a rotation of 2.8 degrees in relative orientation of the two dimers. Of the four mutations, those at alpha 119 and alpha 125 produce contact changes in the alpha (1)beta (1) interface and may be responsible for the differences in intrinsic oxygen affinity between the two species; those at alpha 18 and alpha 63 may be responsible for the differences in quaternary structure between the two species.Biochemical Research MethodsBiochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiophysicsCrystallographySCI(E)PubMed15ARTICLEPt 121850-18565
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The crystal structure of Bar-Headed Goose hemoglobin in deoxy form: The allosteric mechanism of a hemoglobin species with high oxygen affinity
分子生物学杂志, 2001Co-Authors: Yh Liang, Zq Hua, Liang X., Xu Q.Abstract:The crystal structure of a high oxygen affinity species of hemoglobin, Engineering and Plant Genetic Bar-Headed Goose hemoglobin in deoxy form, has been determined to a resolution of 2.8 Angstrom. The R and R-free factor of the model are 0.197 and Sciences, Peking University 0.243, respectively. The structure reported here is a special deoxy state of hemoglobin and indicates the differences in allosteric mechanisms between the Goose and human hemoglobins. The quaternary structure of the Goose deoxy hemoglobin shows obvious differences from that of human deoxy hemoglobin. The rotation angle of one alpha beta dimer relative to its partner in a tetramer molecule from the Goose oxy to deoxy hemoglobin is only 4.6 degrees, and the translation is only 0.3 Angstrom, which are much smaller than those in human hemoglobin. In the alpha (1)beta (2) switch region of the Goose deoxy hemoglobin, the imidazole ring of His beta (2)97 does not span the side-chain of Thr alpha (1)41 relative to the oxy hemoglobin as in human hemoglobin. And the tertiary structure changes of heme pocket and FG corner are also smaller than that in human hemoglobin. A unique mutation among avian and mammalian Hbs of alpha 119 from proline to alanine at the alpha (1)beta (1) interface in Bar-Headed Goose hemoglobin brings a gap between Ala alpha 119 and Leu beta 55, the minimum distance between the two residues is 4.66 Angstrom. At the entrance to the central cavity around the molecular dyad, some residues of two beta chains form a positively charged groove where the inositol pentaphosphate binds to the hemoglobin. The His beta 146 is at the inositol pentaphosphate binding site and the salt-bridge between His beta 146 and Asp beta 94 does not exist in the deoxy hemoglobin, which brings the weak chloride-independent Bohr effect to Bar-Headed Goose hemoglobin. (C) 2001 Academic Press.Biochemistry & Molecular BiologySCI(E)PubMed32ARTICLE1123-13731
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Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of Bar-Headed Goose fluoromethaemoglobin with inositol hexaphosphate
acta crystallographica section d biological crystallography, 2000Co-Authors: Hc Wang, Yh Liang, Jp ZhuAbstract:Bar-Headed Goose fluoromethaemoglobin (fluoromet-Hb) complexed with inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) has been crystallized using PEG 6000 as precipitant. The crystal belongs to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 59.8, b = 72.0, c = 79.8 Angstrom, beta = 102.1 degrees, and diffracts to 2.5 Angstrom resolution. To prove the presence of IHP, the structure was determined by the molecular-replacement method. IHP was observed at the entrance to the central cavity between the N and C termini of two beta subunits.Biochemical Research MethodsBiochemistry & Molecular BiologyBiophysicsCrystallographySCI(E)PubMed8ARTICLEPt 91183-11845
