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Simone Baumannpickering - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co occurrence of Beaked Whale strandings and naval sonar in the mariana islands western pacific
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020Co-Authors: Anne E Simonis, Jennifer S Trickey, Bruce J Thayre, Erin M Oleson, Robert L Brownell, Roderick Huntington, Simone BaumannpickeringAbstract:Mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), used for antisubmarine warfare (ASW), has been associated with multiple Beaked Whale (BW) mass stranding events. Multinational naval ASW exercises have used MFAS offshore of the Mariana Archipelago semi-annually since 2006. We report BW and MFAS acoustic activity near the islands of Saipan and Tinian from March 2010 to November 2014. Signals from Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris) and Blainville's Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon densirostris), and a third unidentified BW species, were detected throughout the recording period. Both recorders documented MFAS on 21 August 2011 before two Cuvier's Beaked Whales stranded on 22-23 August 2011. We compared the history of known naval operations and BW strandings from the Mariana Archipelago to consider potential threats to BW populations. Eight BW stranding events between June 2006 and January 2019 each included one to three animals. Half of these strandings occurred during or within 6 days after naval activities, and this co-occurrence is highly significant. We highlight strandings of individual BWs can be associated with ASW, and emphasize the value of ongoing passive acoustic monitoring, especially for Beaked Whales that are difficult to visually detect at sea. We strongly recommend more visual monitoring efforts, at sea and along coastlines, for stranded cetaceans before, during and after naval exercises.
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cuvier s Beaked Whale tracks in southern california
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2019Co-Authors: Eric L. Snyder, Simone Baumannpickering, Sean M. Wiggins, John A HildebrandAbstract:Cuvier’s Beaked Whales (Ziphius cavirostris) are difficult to study due to infrequent sightings and their deep-diving behavior. One approach to studying their behavior is to use arrays of hydrophones to localize and track individual Beaked Whales. We collected over one year of small aperture (∼1 m) broadband acoustic array recordings at different sites offshore of the coast of Southern California, a region with a considerable presence of Cuvier’s Beaked Whales. We use the time difference of arrival between hydrophone pairs in our arrays to determine the direction of an echolocating Beaked Whale. When the source directions are cross-fixed from multiple arrays, the location of an animal can be determined and sequential locations can be used to form tracks. Tracks were used to determine a number of signal characteristics, such as source sound pressure level, beam directionality, and click temporal patterns as well as a number of animal behaviors including swim speed, group size, descent angle, and foraging depth.
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a description of echolocation clicks recorded in the presence of true s Beaked Whale mesoplodon mirus
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2018Co-Authors: Annamaria I Deangelis, Joy E. Stanistreet, Simone Baumannpickering, Danielle CholewiakAbstract:True's Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon mirus) were encountered on two separate shipboard surveys on 24 July 2016 and 16 September 2017 in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Recordings were made using a hydrophone array towed 300 m behind the ship. In 2016, three different groups were sighted within 1500 m of the ship; clicks were recorded for 26 min. In 2017, a single group of five Whales was tracked over the course of five hours in which the ship maintained a distance <4000 m from the group. A total of 2938 frequency-modulated (FM) clicks and 7 buzzes were recorded from both encounters. Plausible inter-click-intervals (ICIs) were calculated from 2763 clicks, and frequency and duration measurements were calculated from 2150 good quality FM clicks. The median peak frequencies were 43.1 kHz (2016, n = 718) and 43.5 kHz (2017, n = 1432). Median ICIs were 0.17 s (2016) and 0.19 s (2017). The spectra and measurements of the recorded clicks closely resemble Gervais's Beaked Whale clicks (Mesoplodon europaeus) and distinguishing between the two species in acoustic data sets proves difficult. The acoustic behavior of True's Beaked Whales was previously unknown; this study provides a description of echolocation clicks produced by this species.True's Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon mirus) were encountered on two separate shipboard surveys on 24 July 2016 and 16 September 2017 in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Recordings were made using a hydrophone array towed 300 m behind the ship. In 2016, three different groups were sighted within 1500 m of the ship; clicks were recorded for 26 min. In 2017, a single group of five Whales was tracked over the course of five hours in which the ship maintained a distance <4000 m from the group. A total of 2938 frequency-modulated (FM) clicks and 7 buzzes were recorded from both encounters. Plausible inter-click-intervals (ICIs) were calculated from 2763 clicks, and frequency and duration measurements were calculated from 2150 good quality FM clicks. The median peak frequencies were 43.1 kHz (2016, n = 718) and 43.5 kHz (2017, n = 1432). Median ICIs were 0.17 s (2016) and 0.19 s (2017). The spectra and measurements of the recorded clicks closely resemble Gervais's Beaked Whale clicks (Mesoplodon europaeus) and dist...
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using passive acoustic monitoring to document the distribution of Beaked Whale species in the western north atlantic ocean
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Joy E. Stanistreet, Joel T. Bell, Danielle Cholewiak, Lynne E. W. Hodge, John A Hildebrand, Douglas P Nowacek, Simone Baumannpickering, Hilary Moorsmurphy, Sofie M Van Parijs, Andrew J. ReadAbstract:Little is known about the ecology of many Beaked Whale species, despite concerns raised by mass strandings linked to certain sources of anthropogenic noise. Here, we used passive acoustic monitorin...
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mid frequency active sonar and Beaked Whale acoustic activity in the northern mariana islands
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016Co-Authors: Anne E Simonis, Bruce J Thayre, Erin M Oleson, Simone BaumannpickeringAbstract:Mid-frequency active (MFA) sonar has been associated with multiple mass stranding events of Beaked Whales around the world. A recent increase in military training exercises in the Mariana Archipelago corresponds with the presence of MFA sonar in the surrounding waters. We provide a quantitative report on MFA sonar and Beaked Whale acoustic activity detected on two autonomous acoustic recording packages deployed near Saipan and Tinian from March 2010 through December 2013. There were no detections of MFA sonar at Saipan during the 5-month deployment in 2010. On August 21, 2011, MFA sonar was detected near Saipan concurrent with a stranding event involving two Cuvier’s Beaked Whales (Ziphius cavirostris). After one observed day of MFA sonar activity in Saipan and Tinian in 2011, observations increased to 1 month of ongoing activity at Saipan and nearly 3 months ongoing activity at Tinian in 2012. In 2013, MFA sonar events were observed during one day at Saipan and zero days at Tinian. Received levels, sound...
Merel L. Dalebout - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic structure of the Beaked Whale genus Berardius in the North Pacific, with genetic evidence for a new species
Marine Mammal Science, 2016Co-Authors: Phillip A. Morin, Merel L. Dalebout, Scott C. Baker, Reid S. Brewer, Alexander M. Burdin, Ivan D. Fedutin, Olga A. Filatova, Erich Hoyt, Jean Luc Jung, Morgane LaufAbstract:There are two recognized species in the genus Berardius, Baird’s and Arnoux’s Beaked Whales. In Japan, Whalers have traditionally recognized two forms of Baird’s Beaked Whales, the common “slate-gray” form and a smaller, rare “black” form. Previous comparison of mtDNA control region sequences from three black specimens to gray specimens around Japan indicated that the two forms comprise different stocks and potentially different species. We have expanded sampling to include control region haplotypes of 178 Baird’s Beaked Whales from across their range in the North Pacific. We identified five additional specimens of the black form from the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, for a total of eight “black” specimens. The divergence between mtDNA haplotypes of the black and gray forms of Baird’s Beaked Whale was greater than their divergence from the congeneric Arnoux’s Beaked Whale found in the Southern Ocean, and similar to that observed among other congeneric Beaked Whale species. Taken together, genetic evidence from specimens in Japan and across the North Pacific, combined with evidence of smaller adult body size, indicate presence of an unnamed species of Berardius in the North Pacific.
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resurrection of mesoplodon hotaula deraniyagala 1963 a new species of Beaked Whale in the tropical indo pacific
Marine Mammal Science, 2014Co-Authors: Merel L. Dalebout, Scott C. Baker, Debbie Steel, Kirsten Thompson, Kelly M Robertson, Susan J Chivers, William F Perrin, Manori GoonatilakeAbstract:We present genetic and morphological evidence supporting the recognition of a previously synonymized species of Mesoplodon Beaked Whale in the tropical Indo-Pacific, Mesoplodon hotaula. Although the new species is closely-related to the rare ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale M. ginkgodens, we show that these two lineages can be differentiated by maternally (mitochondrial DNA), biparentally (autosomal), and paternally (Y chromosome) inherited DNA sequences, as well as by morphological features. The reciprocal monophyly of the mtDNA genealogies and the largely parapatric distribution of these lineages is consistent with reproductive isolation. The new lineage is currently known from at least seven specimens: Sri Lanka (1), Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati (1+), Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands, U.S.A. (3), Maldives (1), and Seychelles (1). The type specimen (Sri Lanka) was described as a new species, M. hotaula, in 1963, but later synonymized with M. ginkgodens. This discovery brings the total number of Mesoplodon species to 15, making it, by far, the most speciose yet least known genus of cetaceans.
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biological aspects of cuvier s Beaked Whale ziphius cavirostris recorded in the croatian part of the adriatic sea
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2006Co-Authors: Hrvoje Gomerci, Merel L. Dalebout, Martina ðuras Gomerci, Tomislav Gomerci, Hrvoje Luci, Ana Galov, Darinka Skrti, Snježana Urkovi, Snježana VukoviAbstract:The paper describes two stranded ziphiids from Croatia: a subadult female (length 430 cm, body mass 610 kg) that was stranded in 2001 and an adult male (length 510 cm, body mass ∼1,000 kg) that was stranded in 2002. Both were confirmed to be Cuvier’s Beaked Whales (Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier, 1823) from analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences and osteological features. There are no previous records of Cuvier’s Beaked Whales from the Croatian part of the Adriatic. The external shape of the head of the female specimen appears to be significantly different from the heads of Cuvier’s Beaked Whales from other seas. The Croatian specimen exhibited embedded pieces of gravel in the gum tissue around the tip of the lower and upper jaws, which was observed for the first time in a Cuvier’s Beaked Whale. The presence of the female in shallow coastal waters for several weeks and her boat-positive behaviour are apparently also first records of this kind for the species. The female was found to have ingested several plastic bags which likely caused her death. These are the northernmost findings of this species in the Adriatic Sea.
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APPEARANCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND GENETIC DISTINCTIVENESS OF LONGMAN'S Beaked Whale, INDOPACETUS PACIFICUS
Marine Mammal Science, 2003Co-Authors: Merel L. Dalebout, Peter B Best, R. Charles Anderson, Victor G. Cockcroft, Harvey L. Hinsz, Victor M. Peddemors, C. Scott Baker, Robert L. PitmanAbstract:Longman's Beaked Whale, Indopacetus pacificus, was known previously from only two skulls. Here we describe four new specimens of this species from strandings in the western and central Indian Ocean. Two juveniles, previously misidentified from external morphology as Hyperoodon planifrons, were identified as I. pacificus through diagnostic characteristics of mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences derived from the holotype of this species. Images of the external appearance and teeth of the species are presented for the first time. Comparison of the color pattern of these new specimens with that of “tropical bottlenose Whales” sighted in the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans confirm that those unidentified Whales represent I. pacificus. Moore (1968) erected a new genus, Indopacetus, for this species (described initially as Mesoplodon pacificus) based primarily on cranial morphology. Phylogenetic analyses of short mtDNA fragments available from the specimens known to date were unable to resolve the validity of this genus. However, the diagnostic osteological features highlighted by Moore (1968) for Indopacetus were also observed in the new specimens. Rib count and number of fused cervical vertebrae may also be diagnostic. Rostrum depth at mid-length and melon shape further distinguish this species from Mesoplodon Beaked Whales. As such, we see no reason on morphological grounds to overturn Moore's (1968) proposal that Longman's Beaked Whale is sufficiently distinct to be afforded its own genus.
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a new species of Beaked Whale mesoplodon perrini sp n cetacea ziphiidae discovered through phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial dna sequences
Marine Mammal Science, 2002Co-Authors: Merel L. Dalebout, James G. Mead, Scott C. Baker, Alan N Baker, Anton L Van HeldenAbstract:Mesoplodon perrini, a new species of Beaked Whale is described on the basis of five animals stranded on the coast of California (between 32°55′N, 117°15′W and 36°37′N, 121°55′W) from May 1975 to September 1997. Four of these animals were initially identified as Hector's Beaked Whales M. hectori based on cranial morphology (Mead 1981). A fifth specimen was initially identified as a neonate Cuvier's Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris based on external features. These specimens were first recognized as representatives of an undescribed species through phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA control region and cytochrome b sequence data. Although similar morphologically, the genetic data do not support a close evolutionary relationship between M. perrini and M. hectori. Instead, these data suggest a possible sister species relationship with the lesser Beaked Whale M. peruvianus. Sightings of two small Beaked Whales off California in the 1970s which were tentatively identified as M. hectori are also likely to be M. perrini. We suggest that M. hectori is confined to the Southern Hemisphere, while M. perrini is known to date only from the North Pacific.
John A Hildebrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cuvier s Beaked Whale tracks in southern california
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2019Co-Authors: Eric L. Snyder, Simone Baumannpickering, Sean M. Wiggins, John A HildebrandAbstract:Cuvier’s Beaked Whales (Ziphius cavirostris) are difficult to study due to infrequent sightings and their deep-diving behavior. One approach to studying their behavior is to use arrays of hydrophones to localize and track individual Beaked Whales. We collected over one year of small aperture (∼1 m) broadband acoustic array recordings at different sites offshore of the coast of Southern California, a region with a considerable presence of Cuvier’s Beaked Whales. We use the time difference of arrival between hydrophone pairs in our arrays to determine the direction of an echolocating Beaked Whale. When the source directions are cross-fixed from multiple arrays, the location of an animal can be determined and sequential locations can be used to form tracks. Tracks were used to determine a number of signal characteristics, such as source sound pressure level, beam directionality, and click temporal patterns as well as a number of animal behaviors including swim speed, group size, descent angle, and foraging depth.
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using passive acoustic monitoring to document the distribution of Beaked Whale species in the western north atlantic ocean
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Joy E. Stanistreet, Joel T. Bell, Danielle Cholewiak, Lynne E. W. Hodge, John A Hildebrand, Douglas P Nowacek, Simone Baumannpickering, Hilary Moorsmurphy, Sofie M Van Parijs, Andrew J. ReadAbstract:Little is known about the ecology of many Beaked Whale species, despite concerns raised by mass strandings linked to certain sources of anthropogenic noise. Here, we used passive acoustic monitorin...
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Antarctic Beaked Whale echolocation signals near South Scotia Ridge
Marine Mammal Science, 2015Co-Authors: Jennifer S Trickey, Simone Baumann-pickering, Maria Vanesa Reyes Reyes, Mariana L. Melcón, John A Hildebrand, Miguel A. IñíguezAbstract:Notes MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE, **(*): ***–*** (*** 2015) © 2015 Society for Marine Mammalogy DOI: 10.1111/mms.12216 Antarctic Beaked Whale echolocation signals near South Scotia Ridge J ENNIFER S. T RICKEY , 1 S IMONE B AUMANN -P ICKERING , and J OHN A. H ILDEBRAND , Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0205, U.S.A.; M ARIA V ANESA R EYES R EYES and M ARIANA , Fundacion Cethus, Monteverde 3695 (B1636AEM), Olivos, Provincia de Buenos M ELC ON Aires, Argentina; M IGUEL I N ~ IGUEZ , Fundaci on Cethus, Monteverde 3695 (B1636AEM), Olivos, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina and Whale and Dolphin Conservation, Cap. Bermudez 1598 (B1636EMB), Olivos, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Although Beaked Whales comprise the second-largest family of cetaceans, they are one of the most poorly known groups of all large mammals (Barlow et al. 2006, Jef- ferson et al. 2008). Visual sightings and species identification of Beaked Whales can be extremely difficult due to their highly elusive behavior and prolonged, deep forag- ing dives with short surface intervals (Tyack et al. 2006). However, Beaked Whales are the only cetaceans known to use frequency modulated (FM) upsweep pulses to echolocate, and these signals appear to be species-specific in their spectral and tempo- ral characteristics (e.g., Gillespie et al. 2009; McDonald et al. 2009; Baumann-Picker- ing et al. 2010; Rankin et al. 2011; Baumann-Pickering et al. 2013a, b, c). As a result, passive acoustic monitoring is a highly useful technique to investigate the behavioral ecology of these cryptic cetaceans, particularly in remote areas and over long periods of time (Baumann-Pickering et al. 2014). At least five species of Beaked Whales are known to occur in the Southern Ocean waters south of South America, including Arnoux’s Beaked Whales (Berardius arnuxii), Cuvier’s Beaked Whales (Ziphius cavirostris), Gray’s Beaked Whales (Mesoplodon grayi), southern bottlenose Whales (Hyperoodon planifrons), and strap-toothed Whales (Mesopl- odon layardii) (MacLeod et al. 2006). Of these five species, an acoustic description has only been made for the FM pulses produced by Cuvier’s Beaked Whales (Zimmer et al. 2005). Arnoux’s Beaked Whales appear to have similar frequency characteristics (Rog- ers and Brown 1999) to its sister species in the Northern Hemisphere, Baird’s Beaked Whale (Berardius bairdii) (Baumann-Pickering et al. 2013b), but a full description of its FM pulse cannot be made from the existing band-limited recordings. Due to the Corresponding author (e-mail: trickeyj@gmail.com).
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Beaked Whale and dolphin tracking using a multichannel autonomous acoustic recorder
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2012Co-Authors: Sean M. Wiggins, Mark A. Mcdonald, John A HildebrandAbstract:To track highly directional echolocation clicks from odontocetes, passive hydrophone arrays with small apertures can be used to receive the same high frequency click on each sensor. A four-hydrophone small-aperture array was coupled to an autonomous acoustic recorder and used for long-term tracking of high-frequency odontocete sounds. The instrument was deployed in the spring of 2009 offshore of southern California in a known Beaked Whale and dolphin habitat at about 1000 m depth. The array was configured as a tetrahedron with approximately 0.5 m sensor spacing. Time difference of arrival measurements between the six sensor-pairs were used to estimate three-dimensional bearings to sources. Both near-seafloor Beaked Whales and near-sea surface dolphins were tracked. The tracks observed using this technique provide swimming and diving behavioral information for free-ranging animals using a single instrument. Furthermore, animal detection ranges were derived, allowing for estimation of detection probability functions.
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anatomic geometry of sound transmission and reception in cuvier s Beaked Whale ziphius cavirostris
Anatomical Record-advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Ted W Cranford, Sean M. Wiggins, Petr Krysl, Megan F Mckenna, Melissa S Soldevilla, Jeremy A Goldbogen, Robert E Shadwick, Judy St Leger, John A HildebrandAbstract:This study uses remote imaging technology to quantify, compare, and contrast the cephalic anatomy between a neonate female and a young adult male Cuvier’s Beaked Whale. Primary results reveal details of anatomic geometry with implications for acoustic function and diving. Specifically, we describe the juxtaposition of the large pterygoid sinuses, a fibrous venous plexus, and a lipid-rich pathway that connects the acoustic environment to the bony ear complex. We surmise that the large pterygoid air sinuses are essential adaptations for maintaining acoustic isolation and auditory acuity of the ears at depth. In the adult male, an acoustic waveguide lined with pachyosteosclerotic bones is apparently part of a novel transmission pathway for outgoing biosonar signals. Substitution of dense tissue boundaries where we normally find air sacs in delphinoids appears to be a recurring theme in deep-diving Beaked Whales and sperm Whales. The anatomic configuration of the adult male Ziphius forehead resembles an upside-down sperm Whale nose and may be its functional equivalent, but the homologous relationships between forehead structures are equivocal. Anat Rec, 291:353–378, 2008. 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Stephen Louwye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new Beneziphius Beaked Whale from the ocean floor off Galicia, Spain and biostratigraphic reassessment of the type species
Institute of Paleobiology PAS, 2017Co-Authors: Ismael Mijan, Stephen Louwye, Olivier LambertAbstract:Although the fossil record of Beaked Whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) is continuously improving, the geological age of new taxa is often poorly constrained. Based on a partial cranium from deep seafloor deposits off Galicia, Spain, we describe a new species of the stem Beaked Whale genus Beneziphius, B. cetariensis sp. nov. The latter differs from the type species B. brevirostris in the larger size, the rostrum being proportionally longer, the premaxillae being longer than the maxillae at the apex of the rostrum, the left premaxillary sac fossa being transversely concave, and the ascending process of the premaxilla reaching the vertical. Considering that the stratigraphic context of deep-sea deposits off the Iberian Peninsula is not precisely known, we provisionally propose an extended, middle Miocene to early Pliocene interval for the geological age of B. cetariensis. Nonetheless, the palynological analysis of sediment sampled from cavities in the cranium of the holotype of B. brevirostris, discovered during the second part of the nineteenth century in inland deposits of Antwerp (north of Belgium), yield an early to mid-Serravallian age (13.2–12.8 Ma, late middle Miocene). B. brevirostris is thus the oldest described species of the “Messapicetus clade”, a large clade of stem ziphiids in which most species are dated from the late Miocene. The description of the Galician species B. cetariensis broadens the biogeographic distribution of Beneziphius and confirms the strong ziphiid faunal affinities between the eastern coast of the North Atlantic and the southern margin of the North Sea Basin
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a new early pliocene species of mesoplodon a calibration mark for the radiation of this species rich Beaked Whale genus
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2016Co-Authors: Olivier Lambert, Stephen LouwyeAbstract:ABSTRACTIncluding at least 15 extant species, the Beaked Whale genus Mesoplodon (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) is by far the most species-rich cetacean genus. Such a high diversity reflects one or several pulses of radiation, most likely involving a sexual selection mechanism affecting shape, size, and position of mandibular tusks. However, the tempo of this diversification is currently poorly constrained due to the scarce fossil record. Based on the reassessment of five partial skulls discovered in Antwerp (north of Belgium), a new fossil species of the genus Mesoplodon, M. posti, sp. nov., is described. Only the second fossil species of the genus currently recognized, it is characterized (among other features) by: transverse sections of the rostrum higher than wide (a feature proposed to correspond to the presence of lower tusks more posterior than the apex of the mandibles); the presence of a basirostral groove at the rostrum base; pentagonal joined nasals; the posterior projection of the premaxilla ...
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A new early Pliocene species of Mesoplodon: a calibration mark for the radiation of this species-rich Beaked Whale genus
2016Co-Authors: Olivier Lambert, Stephen LouwyeAbstract:Including at least 15 extant species, the Beaked Whale genus Mesoplodon (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) is by far the most species-rich cetacean genus. Such a high diversity reflects one or several pulses of radiation, most likely involving a sexual selection mechanism affecting shape, size, and position of mandibular tusks. However, the tempo of this diversification is currently poorly constrained due to the scarce fossil record. Based on the reassessment of five partial skulls discovered in Antwerp (north of Belgium), a new fossil species of the genus Mesoplodon, M. posti, sp. nov., is described. Only the second fossil species of the genus currently recognized, it is characterized (among other features) by: transverse sections of the rostrum higher than wide (a feature proposed to correspond to the presence of lower tusks more posterior than the apex of the mandibles); the presence of a basirostral groove at the rostrum base; pentagonal joined nasals; the posterior projection of the premaxilla in the vertex shorter than the nasal backward; and a strong transverse compression of the frontals behind the nasals. Our phylogenetic analysis results in M. posti being nested among extant species of Mesoplodon. Palynological study of the organic-walled phytoplankton from sediment retained in cranial cavities of several specimens indicates an age between 4.86 and 3.9 Ma (Zanclean, early Pliocene). Constituting the first temporally well-constrained fossil species of Mesoplodon, M. posti provides an upper calibration point for the beginning of the radiation(s), having produced a surprisingly high number of extant species in this genus. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7407D183-BC8A-466B-8934-F7BE05611ED6 SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP Citation for this article: Lambert, O., and S. Louwye. 2016. A new early Pliocene species of Mesoplodon: a calibration mark for the radiation of this species-rich Beaked Whale genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2015.1055754.
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archaeoziphius microglenoideus a new primitive Beaked Whale mammalia cetacea odontoceti from the middle miocene of belgium
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2006Co-Authors: Olivier Lambert, Stephen LouwyeAbstract:Three partial skulls of odontocetes from the Miocene of Antwerp and Kessel, northern Belgium (southern North Sea Basin) are described here as a new genus and species of Beaked Whale (Ziphiidae), Archaeoziphius microgle- noideus. This small new Whale is one of the most archaic Beaked Whales, because of its low vertex, thin and laterally directed premaxillary crests, low contact between the supraoccipital and the frontals on the vertex, and its free atlas. It is also characterized by the strong transverse compression of the frontals on the vertex and a reduced glenoid surface on the squamosal; the two last characters might be considered as derived. Nasals wider than the frontals on the vertex might group A. microglenoideus with the extant larger genera Berardius and Tasmacetus; the nodular frontals and the premax- illary crests are more similar to the condition in Berardius. A sediment sample from the cetacean-bearing strata at Kessel is dated with dinoflagellate cysts as middle Miocene, tentatively late Langhian to early Serravallian, i.e., from ca. 15 Ma to ca. 13.2 Ma. Archaeoziphius microglenoideus is therefore the oldest reported Beaked Whale known by cranial material.
Massimiliano Rosso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first live sighting of deraniyagala s Beaked Whale mesoplodon hotaula or ginkgo toothed Beaked Whale mesoplodon ginkgodens in the western pacific south china sea with preliminary data on coloration natural markings and surfacing patterns
Integrative Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Massimiliano Rosso, Mingli Lin, Francesco Caruso, Mingming Liu, Lijun Dong, Anna Borroni, Wenzhi Lin, Xiaoming TangAbstract:Beaked Whales represent around 25% of known extant cetacean species, yet they are the least known of all marine mammals. Identification of many Mesoplodon species has relied on examination of a few stranded individuals. Particularly, the ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon ginkgodens) and Deraniyagala's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon hotaula) are among the least-known of Beaked Whale species, without confirmed sightings of living individuals to date. We present a sighting of three free-ranging individuals of M. ginkgodens / hotaula Whale from a dedicated marine mammal vessel survey carried out in the South China Sea in April and May 2019. Photographic data (301 photographs) from the sighting were compared to photos of fresh stranded ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale and Deraniyagala's Beaked Whale from both historical and unpublished records. We found that free-ranging M. gingkodens and M. hotaula individuals can be easily distinguished from other Mesoplodon species due to differences in melon and gape shapes and coloration patterns. However, accurate at-sea differentiation of M. ginkgodens and M. hotaula may not be possible due to high similarity in both coloration and scarring patterns. In addition to our photo-identification data, we collected what we believe to be the first preliminary descriptions of surfacing behavior and diving patterns of one of these species. Finally, the presence of scars possibly caused by fishing gear or marine litter raises concerns about anthropogenic impacts and conservation of these poorly-known species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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cuvier s Beaked Whale ziphius cavirostris distribution and occurrence in the mediterranean sea high use areas and conservation threats
Advances in Marine Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Michela Podesta, Arianna Azzellino, Massimiliano Rosso, Ana Canadas, A Frantzis, Aurelie Moulins, Paola Tepsich, Caterina LanfrediAbstract:Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823) is the only Beaked Whale species commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea. Until recently, species presence in this area was only inferred from stranding events. Dedicated cetacean surveys have increased our knowledge of the distribution of Cuvier's Beaked Whales, even though many areas still remain unexplored. Here, we present an updated analysis of available sighting and stranding data, focusing on the atypical mass strandings that have occurred in the Mediterranean Sea since 1963. We describe in detail the five more recent events (2006-14), highlighting their relationship with naval exercises that used mid-frequency active sonar. The distribution of the species is apparently characterized by areas of high density where animals seem to be relatively abundant, including the Alboran Sea, Ligurian Sea, Central Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Adriatic Sea and the Hellenic Trench, but other such areas may exist where little or no survey work has been conducted. Population size has been estimated for the Alboran and Ligurian seas. Habitat modelling studies for those areas, confirmed the species preference for the continental slope and its particular association with submarine canyons, as has also been found to be the case in other areas of the world. The application of results from habitat modelling to areas different from their calibration sites is proposed as a management tool for minimizing the potential impacts of human activities at sea. Military sonar is known worldwide as a threat for this species and is suggested to be a major threat for Cuvier's Beaked Whale in the Mediterranean Sea.
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aspects of the distribution of cuvier s Beaked Whale ziphius cavirostris in relation to topographic features in the pelagos sanctuary north western mediterranean sea
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2007Co-Authors: Aurelie Moulins, Massimiliano Rosso, Barbara Nani, Maurizio WurtzAbstract:Cuvier's Beaked Whale is a poorly-known species. It has been considered common since 1980 in the Pelagos Sanctuary (north-western Mediterranean Sea), but it has hardly been studied, chiefly due to difficulties in sighting. Stranding data indicates that the Beaked Whale is present all along the Ligurian coast. As with any deep-diving odontocete, Cuvier's Beaked Whale feeds mostly on deep-sea squid, but also on some fish and a small number of crustaceans. As a consequence, it is thought to be found mainly in waters deeper than 1000 m, where the sea bed has a particular slope. The aim of this work is to analyse a large quantity of sightings in order to define the favoured habitat of the Beaked Whale. Topographic features such as depth, depth gradient and bathymetric anomaly were analysed due to their direct influence on the prey of Cuvier's Beaked Whales. Data were registered between Genova and Imperia, from 2000 to 2006. Two hundred and forty-seven sightings were recorded, a total of 532 Whales. The mean herd size observed was 2.3±1.5 (range=1-11). For 40 sightings, the group composition was divided into maturity categories, using results obtained by photo-identification. Seventeen groups consisted of purely immature animals, and 4 groups consisted of only mature animals. The 19 mixed herds were composed mainly of 4.0‡2.2 individuals (range=2-8) and consisted of 58% mature individuals. The 17 immature groups consisted of 2.1 ±0.9 individuals. Mature animals were usually found alone. Forty-eight per cent of Beaked Whales were seen where the depth was between 756 and 1389 m but the encounter rate was higher between depths of 1389 and 2021 m. The sightings were more frequent (34%) where the sea floor slope was between 31 and 51 m/km but the encounter rate was higher where the sea floor slope was between 11 and 31 m/km. The encounter rate for Cuvier's Beaked Whales was higher where the depth anomaly was positive with values between 342 and 586 m.