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Thudnatkorn Jiratanan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antioxidant activity of processed table Beets beta vulgaris var conditiva and green beans phaseolus vulgaris l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Thudnatkorn JiratananAbstract:It has been shown that thermal processing of tomatoes and sweet corn results in increased antioxidant activities despite the loss of vitamin C. Until now, it is unclear whether this positive effect of thermal processing occurs with all crop produce. Therefore, analysis of a root vegetable (Beets) and of a legume (green beans) was undertaken to address this question. Antioxidant activity of Beets processed under typical commercial processing conditions remained constant despite an 8% loss of vitamin C, a 60% loss of color, and 30% loss of dietary folate. There was a slight but significant 5% increase in phenolic content of processed Beets. In contrast, vitamin C and dietary folate content of green beans remained constant, whereas a 32% reduction in phenolic compounds occurred after typical commercial processing conditions. The antioxidant activity of green beans was reduced by 20%. These findings along with previous works suggest that the effects of thermal processing vary with the respective produce crop ...
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antioxidant activity of processed table Beets beta vulgaris var conditiva and green beans phaseolus vulgaris l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Thudnatkorn Jiratanan, Rui Hai LiuAbstract:It has been shown that thermal processing of tomatoes and sweet corn results in increased antioxidant activities despite the loss of vitamin C. Until now, it is unclear whether this positive effect of thermal processing occurs with all crop produce. Therefore, analysis of a root vegetable (Beets) and of a legume (green beans) was undertaken to address this question. Antioxidant activity of Beets processed under typical commercial processing conditions remained constant despite an 8% loss of vitamin C, a 60% loss of color, and 30% loss of dietary folate. There was a slight but significant 5% increase in phenolic content of processed Beets. In contrast, vitamin C and dietary folate content of green beans remained constant, whereas a 32% reduction in phenolic compounds occurred after typical commercial processing conditions. The antioxidant activity of green beans was reduced by 20%. These findings along with previous works suggest that the effects of thermal processing vary with the respective produce crop type. It also reinforces the concept that optimal health benefits may be achieved when a wide variety of plant foods (fruits, vegetables and whole grains) and preparation methods are incorporated into the diet.
Rui Hai Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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antioxidant activity of processed table Beets beta vulgaris var conditiva and green beans phaseolus vulgaris l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004Co-Authors: Thudnatkorn Jiratanan, Rui Hai LiuAbstract:It has been shown that thermal processing of tomatoes and sweet corn results in increased antioxidant activities despite the loss of vitamin C. Until now, it is unclear whether this positive effect of thermal processing occurs with all crop produce. Therefore, analysis of a root vegetable (Beets) and of a legume (green beans) was undertaken to address this question. Antioxidant activity of Beets processed under typical commercial processing conditions remained constant despite an 8% loss of vitamin C, a 60% loss of color, and 30% loss of dietary folate. There was a slight but significant 5% increase in phenolic content of processed Beets. In contrast, vitamin C and dietary folate content of green beans remained constant, whereas a 32% reduction in phenolic compounds occurred after typical commercial processing conditions. The antioxidant activity of green beans was reduced by 20%. These findings along with previous works suggest that the effects of thermal processing vary with the respective produce crop type. It also reinforces the concept that optimal health benefits may be achieved when a wide variety of plant foods (fruits, vegetables and whole grains) and preparation methods are incorporated into the diet.
J. Cuguen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Populations of weedy crop-wild hybrid Beets show contrasting variation in mating system and population genetic structure
Evolutionary Applications, 2010Co-Authors: J.-f. Arnaud, S. Fénart, M. Cordellier, J. CuguenAbstract:Reproductive traits are key parameters for the evolution of invasiveness in weedy crop-wild hybrids. In Beta vulgaris, cultivated Beets hybridize with their wild relatives in the seed production areas, giving rise to crop-wild hybrid weed Beets. We investigated the genetic structure, the variation in first-year flowering and the variation in mating system among weed beet populations occurring within sugar beet production fields. No spatial genetic structure was found for first-year populations composed of F1 crop-wild hybrid Beets. In contrast, populations composed of backcrossed weed Beets emerging from the seed bank showed a strong isolation-by-distance pattern. Whereas gametophytic self-incompatibility prevents selfing in wild beet populations, all studied weed beet populations had a mixed-mating system, plausibly due to the introgression of the crop-derived Sf gene that disrupts self-incompatibility. No significant relationship between outcrossing rate and local weed beet density was found, suggesting no trends for a shift in the mating system due to environmental effects. We further reveal that increased invasiveness of weed Beets may stem from positive selection on first-year flowering induction depending on the B gene inherited from the wild. Finally, we discuss the practical and applied consequences of our findings for crop-weed management.
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Long distance pollen-mediated gene flow at a landscape level: the weed beet as a case study
Molecular Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: S. Fénart, F. Austerlitz, J. Cuguen, J.-f. ArnaudAbstract:Gene flow is a crucial parameter that can affect the organization of genetic diversity in plant species. It has important implications in terms of conservation of genetic resources and of gene exchanges between crop to wild relatives and within crop species complex. In the Beta vulgaris complex, hybridization between crop and wild Beets in seed production areas is well documented and the role of the ensuing hybrids, weed Beets, as bridges towards wild forms in sugar beet production areas have been shown. Indeed, in contrast to cultivated Beets that are bi-annual, weed Beets can bolt, flower and reproduce in the same crop season. Nonetheless, the extent of pollen gene dispersal through weedy lineages remains unknown. In this study, the focus is directed towards weed-to-weed gene flow, and we report the results of a pollen-dispersal analysis within an agricultural landscape composed of five sugar beet fields with different levels of infestation by weed Beets. Our results, based on paternity analysis of 3240 progenies from 135 maternal plants using 10 microsatellite loci, clearly demonstrate that even if weedy plants are mostly pollinated by individuals from the same field, some mating events occur between weed Beets situated several kilometres apart (up to 9.6 km), with rates of interfield-detected paternities ranging from 11.3% to 17.5%. Moreover, we show that pollen flow appears to be more restricted when individuals are aggregated as most mating events occurred only for short-distance classes. The best-fit dispersal curves were fat-tailed geometric functions for populations exhibiting low densities of weed Beets and thin-tailed Weibull function for fields with weed beet high densities. Thus, weed beet populations characterized by low density with geographically isolated individuals may be difficult to detect but are likely to act as pollen traps for pollen emitted by close and remote fields. Hence, it appears evident that interfield pollen-mediated gene flow between weed Beets is almost unavoidable and could contribute to the diffusion of ( trans )genes in the agricultural landscape.
Ingolf Schuphan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Competitiveness of transgenic sugar beet resistant to beet necrotic yellow vein virus and potential impact on wild beet populations
Molecular Ecology, 1996Co-Authors: Detlef Bartsch, B. Schmidt, Matthias Pohl-orf, C. Haag, Ingolf SchuphanAbstract:Beets are a crop of particular concern regarding invasiveness questions because they commonly become feral due to unintentional hybridization with annual forms of wild Beets. In this study the performance of transgenic Beets resistant to Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV) was compared to the performance of unmodified material from the same breeding line. Both transgenic and control genotypes were also compared to a conventionally bred variety carrying a similar phenotypic trait. Field tests were developed in a step by step fashion in order to study seed emergence and competitiveness in early life stages. The tests quantified the potential ecological advantage of virus resistance under virus and non-virus infestation conditions. In experimental field releases in 1993 and 1994 in Germany, a small but increasingly clear ‘additive’ ecological advantage of the genetically engineered trait was detected. In both years and all competition treatments, the conventional tolerant variety performed best. An impact of naturalization on natural, non-agricultural habitats may appear in wild beet populations in Italian seed beet production areas. However, a survey of coastal areas of North-Eastern Italy found no virus infestation in 1994, suggesting that an increase in wild beet fitness is unlikely to occur.
J.-f. Arnaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Populations of weedy crop-wild hybrid Beets show contrasting variation in mating system and population genetic structure
Evolutionary Applications, 2010Co-Authors: J.-f. Arnaud, S. Fénart, M. Cordellier, J. CuguenAbstract:Reproductive traits are key parameters for the evolution of invasiveness in weedy crop-wild hybrids. In Beta vulgaris, cultivated Beets hybridize with their wild relatives in the seed production areas, giving rise to crop-wild hybrid weed Beets. We investigated the genetic structure, the variation in first-year flowering and the variation in mating system among weed beet populations occurring within sugar beet production fields. No spatial genetic structure was found for first-year populations composed of F1 crop-wild hybrid Beets. In contrast, populations composed of backcrossed weed Beets emerging from the seed bank showed a strong isolation-by-distance pattern. Whereas gametophytic self-incompatibility prevents selfing in wild beet populations, all studied weed beet populations had a mixed-mating system, plausibly due to the introgression of the crop-derived Sf gene that disrupts self-incompatibility. No significant relationship between outcrossing rate and local weed beet density was found, suggesting no trends for a shift in the mating system due to environmental effects. We further reveal that increased invasiveness of weed Beets may stem from positive selection on first-year flowering induction depending on the B gene inherited from the wild. Finally, we discuss the practical and applied consequences of our findings for crop-weed management.
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Long distance pollen-mediated gene flow at a landscape level: the weed beet as a case study
Molecular Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: S. Fénart, F. Austerlitz, J. Cuguen, J.-f. ArnaudAbstract:Gene flow is a crucial parameter that can affect the organization of genetic diversity in plant species. It has important implications in terms of conservation of genetic resources and of gene exchanges between crop to wild relatives and within crop species complex. In the Beta vulgaris complex, hybridization between crop and wild Beets in seed production areas is well documented and the role of the ensuing hybrids, weed Beets, as bridges towards wild forms in sugar beet production areas have been shown. Indeed, in contrast to cultivated Beets that are bi-annual, weed Beets can bolt, flower and reproduce in the same crop season. Nonetheless, the extent of pollen gene dispersal through weedy lineages remains unknown. In this study, the focus is directed towards weed-to-weed gene flow, and we report the results of a pollen-dispersal analysis within an agricultural landscape composed of five sugar beet fields with different levels of infestation by weed Beets. Our results, based on paternity analysis of 3240 progenies from 135 maternal plants using 10 microsatellite loci, clearly demonstrate that even if weedy plants are mostly pollinated by individuals from the same field, some mating events occur between weed Beets situated several kilometres apart (up to 9.6 km), with rates of interfield-detected paternities ranging from 11.3% to 17.5%. Moreover, we show that pollen flow appears to be more restricted when individuals are aggregated as most mating events occurred only for short-distance classes. The best-fit dispersal curves were fat-tailed geometric functions for populations exhibiting low densities of weed Beets and thin-tailed Weibull function for fields with weed beet high densities. Thus, weed beet populations characterized by low density with geographically isolated individuals may be difficult to detect but are likely to act as pollen traps for pollen emitted by close and remote fields. Hence, it appears evident that interfield pollen-mediated gene flow between weed Beets is almost unavoidable and could contribute to the diffusion of ( trans )genes in the agricultural landscape.