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Richard Jessor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Introduction to the Volume
Problem Behavior Theory and the Social Context, 2017Co-Authors: Richard JessorAbstract:This chapter addresses the role that social context plays in the application of problem Behavior Theory to various problems across societies and settings as diverse as the slums of Nairobi; the middle schools of Beijing, China; and the inner city neighborhoods of Chicago and Denver. It provides an exposition about the multiple environments or contexts in which an adolescent is simultaneously embedded, some distal from experience, like the physical and geographic environment, and some more proximal to experience, such as the family, school, and neighborhood. It argues that the environment or context that is most proximal to experience and, hence, to Behavior is the perceived environment. The perceived environment is the environment of meaning for the adolescent and is, therefore, the environment that, in interaction with the person, is most determinative of Behavior and development. Reliance on a perceived environment concept brings up the issue of subjectivity in social inquiry, and the chapter argues that both quantitative and qualitative research approaches engage subjectivity and have in common a hermeneutic or interpretive methodological stance. The latter issue is one of several concerns in the philosophy of science that undergirds problem Behavior Theory and that is noted in the chapter.
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Problem Drinking and Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 2017Co-Authors: Richard JessorAbstract:Problem Behavior Theory is a social-psychological framework which helps to explain the nature and development of alcohol abuse, drug misuse and other problem Behaviors. The aims of this paper are to present a brief overview of the Theory, to review some of the research that has been generated and to appraise the usefulness of the Theory when applied to drinking and problem drinking among young people.
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Linking Health Behavior and Problem Behavior in Adolescence
Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 2017Co-Authors: John E Donovan, Richard Jessor, Frances M CostaAbstract:Examined the relation of psychosocial and Behavioral conventionality-unconventionality to health-related Behavior in cross-sectional data from 1,588 male and female 7th to 12th graders. Conventionality-unconventionality was represented by personality, perceived social environment, and Behavior variables selected from the social-psychological framework of Problem Behavior Theory (R. Jessor & S. L. Jessor, 1977). Greater psychosocial conventionality correlates with more regular involvement in health-related Behavior (regular physical activity, adequate sleep, safety belt use, attention to healthy diet). Greater Behavioral conventionality (less involvement in problem Behaviors such as marijuana use, problem drinking, delinquent-type Behavior, and greater involvement in conventional Behaviors such as church attendance) was also associated with greater involvement in health-maintaining Behavior. The overall findings provide support for the extension of Problem Behavior Theory to the domain of adolescent health Behavior and for the relevance of the dimension of conventionality-unconventionality.
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Value on Health and Fitness in Adolescent Behavioral Health
Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 2017Co-Authors: Frances M Costa, Richard Jessor, John E DonovanAbstract:A five-item measure of value on health, a new variable in the Personality System of Problem Behavior Theory (Jessor & Jessor, 1977), was construct-validated using cross-sectional data from 1588 male and female 7–12th grade students. Three aspects of construct validity were explored: first, the convergent and discriminant validity of the Value on Health Scale with other health-related psychosocial measures; second, the predictive validity of the Value on Health Scale in relation to health Behaviors; and third, the theoretical validity of the Value on Health Scale in relation to other constructs reflecting conventionality-unconventionality in Problem Behavior Theory. Value on Health related significantly to other health-related psychosocial measures such as self-description of health, and parental and peer models for health-enhancing Behavior. Value on Health also related significantly to greater involvement in health-enhancing Behaviors (e.g., regular physical exercise, seatbelt use, and attention to healthy diet). Finally, Value on Health was linked to a larger network of psychosocial and Behavioral characteristics that reflect the underlying dimension of conventionality-unconventionality in the Problem Behavior Theory framework. Value on health seems to be a useful addition to personality attributes that help explain variation in health Behavior among adolescents. It would also seem to be an important target for prevention/intervention efforts with that age group.
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problem Behavior Theory and success despite disadvantage
2017Co-Authors: Richard Jessor, Mark S Turbin, Frances M CostaAbstract:The role of psychosocial risk and protective factors in successful adolescent development under circumstances of socioeconomic disadvantage was investigated among 1,638 high school students in a large, urban school district. Success referred to two important developmental tasks: engagement in school and avoiding more than minimal involvement in problem Behavior. Significant negative effects on success were found for disadvantage and for risk factors, whereas protective factors had significant positive effects. In addition, protection moderated the effects of risk, especially for more disadvantaged youth. Further, in longitudinal analyses, both risk and protective factors accounted for significant variance in change in successful outcomes over time and development. Key risk factors are Low Expectations for Success, Low Self-Esteem, Hopelessness, and having Friends as Models for Problem Behavior. Key protective factors are Attitudinal Intolerance of Deviance, Positive Orientation to Health, and having Friends as Models for Conventional Behavior. Strengthening protective factors, as well as reducing risk, may enhance successful development, especially in disadvantaged life circumstances.
John E Donovan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Linking Health Behavior and Problem Behavior in Adolescence
Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 2017Co-Authors: John E Donovan, Richard Jessor, Frances M CostaAbstract:Examined the relation of psychosocial and Behavioral conventionality-unconventionality to health-related Behavior in cross-sectional data from 1,588 male and female 7th to 12th graders. Conventionality-unconventionality was represented by personality, perceived social environment, and Behavior variables selected from the social-psychological framework of Problem Behavior Theory (R. Jessor & S. L. Jessor, 1977). Greater psychosocial conventionality correlates with more regular involvement in health-related Behavior (regular physical activity, adequate sleep, safety belt use, attention to healthy diet). Greater Behavioral conventionality (less involvement in problem Behaviors such as marijuana use, problem drinking, delinquent-type Behavior, and greater involvement in conventional Behaviors such as church attendance) was also associated with greater involvement in health-maintaining Behavior. The overall findings provide support for the extension of Problem Behavior Theory to the domain of adolescent health Behavior and for the relevance of the dimension of conventionality-unconventionality.
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Value on Health and Fitness in Adolescent Behavioral Health
Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 2017Co-Authors: Frances M Costa, Richard Jessor, John E DonovanAbstract:A five-item measure of value on health, a new variable in the Personality System of Problem Behavior Theory (Jessor & Jessor, 1977), was construct-validated using cross-sectional data from 1588 male and female 7–12th grade students. Three aspects of construct validity were explored: first, the convergent and discriminant validity of the Value on Health Scale with other health-related psychosocial measures; second, the predictive validity of the Value on Health Scale in relation to health Behaviors; and third, the theoretical validity of the Value on Health Scale in relation to other constructs reflecting conventionality-unconventionality in Problem Behavior Theory. Value on Health related significantly to other health-related psychosocial measures such as self-description of health, and parental and peer models for health-enhancing Behavior. Value on Health also related significantly to greater involvement in health-enhancing Behaviors (e.g., regular physical exercise, seatbelt use, and attention to healthy diet). Finally, Value on Health was linked to a larger network of psychosocial and Behavioral characteristics that reflect the underlying dimension of conventionality-unconventionality in the Problem Behavior Theory framework. Value on health seems to be a useful addition to personality attributes that help explain variation in health Behavior among adolescents. It would also seem to be an important target for prevention/intervention efforts with that age group.
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applying problem Behavior Theory to adolescent health Behavior
2017Co-Authors: Richard Jessor, John E Donovan, Frances M CostaAbstract:This chapter seeks to embed variation in involvement in health-related Behavior within the larger psychosocial, explanatory framework of Problem Behavior Theory. It explores the relation of personality and perceived environment variables that are distal from health-related Behavior, i.e., that do not directly imply it, to variation in involvement in such Behavior. Personality variables such as Intolerant Attitudes toward Deviance, Expectations for Academic Achievement, and Perceived Life Chances in the Opportunity Structure were shown to be positively related to health-enhancing Behavior. In addition, an index of health-enhancing Behavior involvement was shown to be negatively related to an index of problem Behavior involvement. These relations between health Behaviors and problem Behaviors suggest a larger organization at the level of an individual’s health-related lifestyle.
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problem Behavior Theory and Behavioral health in adolescence
2017Co-Authors: Richard Jessor, John E Donovan, Frances M CostaAbstract:This chapter considers the adolescent life stage as one of increased health risk due to the initiation of various health-compromising Behaviors and the establishment or consolidation of the factors that are their determinants. The emergence of the new concept of ‘Behavioral health’ has enlarged thinking about health beyond medicine and biology to engage psychosocial and Behavioral understanding as well. In relation to the latter, the chapter presents a psychosocial theoretical framework, Problem Behavior Theory, and documents its relevance for explaining variation in the health-related Behaviors that constitute Behavioral health, whether alcohol and marijuana use, risky driving, early sexual experience, or various others. The role that health-related Behaviors can play in adolescent development is emphasized through the articulation of the concept of ‘transition proneness,’ and their co-variation is captured by the notion of a health-risk syndrome.
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problem Behavior Theory and contraceptive use in adolescence
2017Co-Authors: Frances M Costa, Richard Jessor, Dennis J Fortenberry, John E DonovanAbstract:This chapter explores the psychosocial and Behavioral factors associated with variation in contraceptive use among adolescents. Because regular use of contraception may be seen both as a conventional Behavior and as a health-protective Behavior, analyses assess the association between psychosocial conventionality and positive health orientation, on the one hand, and variation in contraceptive use, on the other. Analyses are based on an urban sample of 971 white, African-American, and Hispanic male and female sexually-active high school students. Study participants filled out a 38-page questionnaire that included a wide range of measures derived from Problem Behavior Theory. Correlational and hierarchical regression analysis indicate that more regular contraceptive use is associated with greater psychosocial conventionality and also with greater positive orientation toward health for both male and female adolescents. These relationships hold when the socio-demographic characteristics of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, grade in school, family composition, and pregnancy experience are controlled. The linkages of psychosocial conventionality and positive health orientation to contraceptive Behavior are stronger for African-American than for white and Hispanic adolescents. The findings establish a more comprehensive and more distal set of influences on regularity of contraceptive use. In its negative relationship to problem Behavior and its positive linkage with health Behavior, contraceptive Behavior may be seen as part of a larger, organized Behavior system in adolescence, i.e., part of a more conventional lifestyle.
Frances M Costa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Value on Health and Fitness in Adolescent Behavioral Health
Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 2017Co-Authors: Frances M Costa, Richard Jessor, John E DonovanAbstract:A five-item measure of value on health, a new variable in the Personality System of Problem Behavior Theory (Jessor & Jessor, 1977), was construct-validated using cross-sectional data from 1588 male and female 7–12th grade students. Three aspects of construct validity were explored: first, the convergent and discriminant validity of the Value on Health Scale with other health-related psychosocial measures; second, the predictive validity of the Value on Health Scale in relation to health Behaviors; and third, the theoretical validity of the Value on Health Scale in relation to other constructs reflecting conventionality-unconventionality in Problem Behavior Theory. Value on Health related significantly to other health-related psychosocial measures such as self-description of health, and parental and peer models for health-enhancing Behavior. Value on Health also related significantly to greater involvement in health-enhancing Behaviors (e.g., regular physical exercise, seatbelt use, and attention to healthy diet). Finally, Value on Health was linked to a larger network of psychosocial and Behavioral characteristics that reflect the underlying dimension of conventionality-unconventionality in the Problem Behavior Theory framework. Value on health seems to be a useful addition to personality attributes that help explain variation in health Behavior among adolescents. It would also seem to be an important target for prevention/intervention efforts with that age group.
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Linking Health Behavior and Problem Behavior in Adolescence
Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development, 2017Co-Authors: John E Donovan, Richard Jessor, Frances M CostaAbstract:Examined the relation of psychosocial and Behavioral conventionality-unconventionality to health-related Behavior in cross-sectional data from 1,588 male and female 7th to 12th graders. Conventionality-unconventionality was represented by personality, perceived social environment, and Behavior variables selected from the social-psychological framework of Problem Behavior Theory (R. Jessor & S. L. Jessor, 1977). Greater psychosocial conventionality correlates with more regular involvement in health-related Behavior (regular physical activity, adequate sleep, safety belt use, attention to healthy diet). Greater Behavioral conventionality (less involvement in problem Behaviors such as marijuana use, problem drinking, delinquent-type Behavior, and greater involvement in conventional Behaviors such as church attendance) was also associated with greater involvement in health-maintaining Behavior. The overall findings provide support for the extension of Problem Behavior Theory to the domain of adolescent health Behavior and for the relevance of the dimension of conventionality-unconventionality.
-
applying problem Behavior Theory to adolescent health Behavior
2017Co-Authors: Richard Jessor, John E Donovan, Frances M CostaAbstract:This chapter seeks to embed variation in involvement in health-related Behavior within the larger psychosocial, explanatory framework of Problem Behavior Theory. It explores the relation of personality and perceived environment variables that are distal from health-related Behavior, i.e., that do not directly imply it, to variation in involvement in such Behavior. Personality variables such as Intolerant Attitudes toward Deviance, Expectations for Academic Achievement, and Perceived Life Chances in the Opportunity Structure were shown to be positively related to health-enhancing Behavior. In addition, an index of health-enhancing Behavior involvement was shown to be negatively related to an index of problem Behavior involvement. These relations between health Behaviors and problem Behaviors suggest a larger organization at the level of an individual’s health-related lifestyle.
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problem Behavior Theory and Behavioral health in adolescence
2017Co-Authors: Richard Jessor, John E Donovan, Frances M CostaAbstract:This chapter considers the adolescent life stage as one of increased health risk due to the initiation of various health-compromising Behaviors and the establishment or consolidation of the factors that are their determinants. The emergence of the new concept of ‘Behavioral health’ has enlarged thinking about health beyond medicine and biology to engage psychosocial and Behavioral understanding as well. In relation to the latter, the chapter presents a psychosocial theoretical framework, Problem Behavior Theory, and documents its relevance for explaining variation in the health-related Behaviors that constitute Behavioral health, whether alcohol and marijuana use, risky driving, early sexual experience, or various others. The role that health-related Behaviors can play in adolescent development is emphasized through the articulation of the concept of ‘transition proneness,’ and their co-variation is captured by the notion of a health-risk syndrome.
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problem Behavior Theory and contraceptive use in adolescence
2017Co-Authors: Frances M Costa, Richard Jessor, Dennis J Fortenberry, John E DonovanAbstract:This chapter explores the psychosocial and Behavioral factors associated with variation in contraceptive use among adolescents. Because regular use of contraception may be seen both as a conventional Behavior and as a health-protective Behavior, analyses assess the association between psychosocial conventionality and positive health orientation, on the one hand, and variation in contraceptive use, on the other. Analyses are based on an urban sample of 971 white, African-American, and Hispanic male and female sexually-active high school students. Study participants filled out a 38-page questionnaire that included a wide range of measures derived from Problem Behavior Theory. Correlational and hierarchical regression analysis indicate that more regular contraceptive use is associated with greater psychosocial conventionality and also with greater positive orientation toward health for both male and female adolescents. These relationships hold when the socio-demographic characteristics of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, grade in school, family composition, and pregnancy experience are controlled. The linkages of psychosocial conventionality and positive health orientation to contraceptive Behavior are stronger for African-American than for white and Hispanic adolescents. The findings establish a more comprehensive and more distal set of influences on regularity of contraceptive use. In its negative relationship to problem Behavior and its positive linkage with health Behavior, contraceptive Behavior may be seen as part of a larger, organized Behavior system in adolescence, i.e., part of a more conventional lifestyle.
Joseph J. Plaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Back to the future: The continued relevance of Behavior Theory to modern Behavior therapy
Behavior Therapy, 1997Co-Authors: Joseph J. Plaud, Nancy D. VogeltanzAbstract:Although modern Behavior therapy has become increasingly cognitive, empirically validated Behavior and cognitive Behavior therapies continue to be firmly based on modern learning Theory. The relation between Behavior Theory and Behavior therapy is critical to the continued advancement of Behavior therapy in the modern era of radical changes within the mental health care system. Of particular relevance to the continued success of Behavior therapy is Behavior analysis. Not only is Behavior analysis a direct, applied extension of Behavior Theory, but it is also a highly practical and effective approach for understanding, explaining, and modifying verbal Behavior, Behavioral trajectories, and the contextual factors that contribute to, and maintain, maladaptive Behaviors.
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From Behavior Theory to Behavior therapy: The contributions of Behavioral theories and research to the advancement of Behavior therapy
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 1993Co-Authors: Georg H. Eifert, Joseph J. PlaudAbstract:As we approach the latter years of the twentieth century, a century that witnessed the birth of the Behavior therapy movement, it becomes increasingly important to undestand the forces that shaped the development, advancement, and success of Behavior therapy. This paper is an introduction to a series of articles analyzing how major Behavioral theories and research have contributed to the advancement of Behavior therapy. In view of the fact that many Behavior therapist have lost touch with the relation between Behavior Theory and Behavior therapy and the challenges of the "cognitive revolution", we argue that the field would benefit conceptually and practically from integrating and utilizing the resources provided by recent advances in basic Behavioral Theory and research. The articles in this symposium attempt to build conceptual, methodological, and practical bridges to help Behavior therapist recognize and utilize basic Behavioral research and concepts. © 1993.
Alexander T Vazsonyi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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jessor s problem Behavior Theory cross national evidence from hungary the netherlands slovenia spain switzerland taiwan turkey and the united states
Developmental Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Alexander T Vazsonyi, Dusty D Jenkins, Esra Burcu, Ginesa Torrente, Pan Chen, Chuenjim SheuAbstract:: Jessor (2008) has recently called attention to description versus explanation in cross-cultural and cross-national comparative scholarship on adolescent development, particularly, the etiology of adolescent problem Behaviors. In the current study, we were interested in testing to what extent problem Behavior Theory replicated in samples of 10,310 adolescents from 8 distinct developmental contexts, including Asian, Eastern and Western European, North American, and Eurasian/Muslim cultures. Path analyses by country samples as well as follow-up multigroup analyses provided evidence of great similarities across cultures in the links among two protective factor domains (controls protection and support protection), three risk factor domains (models risk, opportunity risk, and vulnerability risk), and the problem Behavior syndrome, operationalized by vandalism, general deviance, school misconduct, theft, and assault measures. This evidence adds to a growing body of scholarship that provides support for similarities in explanation, despite many observed differences in description.
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a test of jessor s problem Behavior Theory in a eurasian and a western european developmental context
Journal of Adolescent Health, 2008Co-Authors: Alexander T Vazsonyi, Dusty D Jenkins, Maureen Young, Sara Browder, Emily Kahumoku, K Pagava, Helen Phagava, André Jeannin, Pan Chen, Pierreandre MichaudAbstract:Abstract Purpose The current study tested the applicability of Jessor's problem Behavior Theory (PBT) in national probability samples from Georgia and Switzerland. Comparisons focused on (1) the applicability of the problem Behavior syndrome (PBS) in both developmental contexts, and (2) on the applicability of employing a set of Theory-driven risk and protective factors in the prediction of problem Behaviors. Methods School-based questionnaire data were collected from n=18,239 adolescents in Georgia (n = 9499) and Switzerland (n = 8740) following the same protocol. Participants rated five measures of problem Behaviors (alcohol and drug use, problems because of alcohol and drug use, and deviance), three risk factors (future uncertainty, depression, and stress), and three protective factors (family, peer, and school attachment). Final study samples included n=9043 Georgian youth (mean age=15.57; 58.8% females) and n=8348 Swiss youth (mean age=17.95; 48.5% females). Data analyses were completed using structural equation modeling, path analyses, and post hoc z -tests for comparisons of regression coefficients. Results Findings indicated that the PBS replicated in both samples, and that Theory-driven risk and protective factors accounted for 13% and 10% in Georgian and Swiss samples, respectively in the PBS, net the effects by demographic variables. Follow-up z -tests provided evidence of some differences in the magnitude, but not direction, in five of six individual paths by country. Conclusion PBT and the PBS find empirical support in these Eurasian and Western European samples; thus, Jessor's Theory holds value and promise in understanding the etiology of adolescent problem Behaviors outside of the United States.